Modern Information Technology and IT Education

This article presents the principles of constructing the system of supplementary and master's education entitled “Aкaдeмия OИT” (“Academy of OIT”). The Academy will provide training of highly qualified specialists, innovative and scientific personnel in the field of information technologies and their applications. As a basis for the methodical support of the Academy, the concept of digital skills was used. The information-technological part of this system was created as an aggregate of interconnected problem-oriented platforms providing a wide range of opportunities for students to solve tasks of targeted training and implementation of their educational and career paths. The Academy focuses on programs of supplementary vocational training of a sectoral focus, developed and implemented by the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (the Laboratory of Open Information Technologies) together with leading IT industry companies, as well as on the practice-oriented nature of scientific research within the framework of master's degree theses directly related to the development of actual applied problems of the digital economy.

In the present article “problem zone” of school mathematics by means of computer and mathematical modeling simulation is investigated. The problem of variables measurement of major generalized designs concerning the analysis and an entity of “problem zone” by means of the construction and adaptation to present conditions of school knowledge is solved. The second stage of developed technology of synergetic effects manifestation on the example of complex concept of surface area development is described in details. So in school mathematical education it is defined only at the visual level (according to Comenius Y.) by means of understanding surface area formulas of three-dimensional objects such as: sphere, cone, cylinder. In a research the functional parameters, technological constructs and regularities of approximation of a lateral surface of Schwarz’s cylinder on the basis of its triangulations at the regular and irregular limiting refinement are manifested by stratified polyhedral complexes with using of computer and mathematical modeling. Pedagogical experience allowed to record significant raise of students’ educational motivation and understanding of school mathematics and IT by means of modern scientific achievements adaptation.

The education system always reflects technological changes taking place in society. On the one hand, education reacts to such changes, on the other hand, in the bowels of the education system new members of the society that affect technologicalization are trained. Currently, about half of the world’s population is of an age characterized by the widespread use of information technology. For this part of global society, the use of modern technology in education is natural. This article discusses the process of technological societal development, characterized by a sequence of industrial revolutions. It shows that, arising from the development of informatization tools, information revolutions are superimposed on such revolutions. The characteristic features of the taking place right now fourth industrial revolution, which are significant from the point of view of the educational system development, are discussed. A well-reasoned forecasting of a new information revolution related to the emergence of automated translation systems is carried out. For each of the aspects of such revolutions, the set of proposed recommendations for improving the content, methods, tools and other components of educational systems is described. The article also considers the negative consequences for society and its educational system that can entail new information and industrial revolutions. The approaches by which the education system can reduce the negative aspects of the transition of society to a new informational and technological stage of its development are discussed.

The rapid development of digital economy influences the society in general and ordinary life of a human particularly. Rapid changes are challenges for the system of education. They course the problem of elaborating the system for basic competences of a personality that would provide person with a possibility of fast adaptation to social and economic changes and also their successful socialization, professionalization and well-being under the conditions of digital economy. The article focuses on methods that allow constructing of a possible relevant model of requirements to basic competences of a personality in the environment of digital economy in the system of the adaptive control of professional education quality – the educational framework of qualifications. The proposed methods for determining the content and levels of competencies have been successfully tested in the development of requirements and evaluation of the results of formal education. The article is aimed at researchers who are dealing with the problem of adaptive control of the quality of human resources and with results of formal and informal training.

This article discusses the basic principles of the QNet+ distance learning system; it also reveals the fundamental ideas of the platform and tools designed to increase the effectiveness of the learning process. The first part of the article tells about the approaches used in organizing virtual laboratories on the basis of heterogeneous model networks for a laboratory workshop on various courses in the field of information and communication. The second part presents the developed subsystem to assess knowledge, which is to perform comprehensive verification of the students’ actions when working with network equipment during laboratory work. The third part emphasizes the effectiveness of the no less important intellectual subsystem of student interaction with the equipment of model networks; the conceptual idea of smart access as an abstract interaction interface is revealed and three key aspects of the concept are considered. The article describes in more detail the use of flexible control commands through a system of aliases and behavior patterns. It provides examples and statistics on the use of the platform in real laboratory work.

The article discusses the features of teaching the course “Internet entrepreneurship”, supported by the Foundation for development of Internet initiatives in universities in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan. The Department of “Business Informatics” of the Financial University has been teaching students and postgraduates the basics of entrepreneurship on the Internet since 2015. The authors highlight the problems of teaching students technological entrepreneurship. The key participants in the process of training specialists whose competencies can be in demand in the digital world are identified. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the learning process are given. An important advantage of the approach to teaching the course” Internet entrepreneurship” is the integration of Lean Startup methodology and Design thinking. The authors developed cases and practical recommendations for the creation of digital services based on the Human-Centered Design. The article also describes the developed business game “Your profession in the field of IT”. The tasks of the business game describe necessary personal qualities and competencies of 8 popular IT professions: Consultant, Presales, Product Manager, Software Developer, Support Engineer, Tester, Project Manager, System Administrator. A portrait of a typical representative of the profession, the type of behaviour in a conflict situation, behavioural characteristics is constructed. The game uses psychological tests, checks subject area knowledge, identification of communication skills, logic. The result of the game is a set of competencies inherent to the IT profession competency, as well as a roadmap for learning and the pattern of career development.

The scope of the paper is dedicated to the design of theoretical and hands-on investigation of mathematical model concept for Education Progress Control System (EPCS) that might be applied for educational institutions. The versatility of the EPCS lies in its independence from any specific subject content (or related factors), allowing teachers to upload the required course directly to the educational platform, and students to choose individual courses in order to plan their educational programs of their own. To implement the designed EPCS the hybrid system design approach was chosen, because it combines the advantages of different technologies that allow solving complicated tasks. The well-known fuzzy logic design allows determining the educational content sections, but this approach causes significant difficulties for students. However, the implementation of Kohonen self-organized network (or Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a computational method for the visualization and analysis of high-dimensional data, especially experimentally acquired information) allows classifying students involved into educational programs provided by the EPCS platform. An algorithm for optimizing the obtained target component of the system using an artificial immune system is considered.

The article observes the modern trends in teachers’ training in the field of using of information technologies in education. The purpose of the article is to identify the drawbacks of the existing educational system in this field and to offer recommendations for their elimination. The authors have analyzed the experience of pedagogical high schools of Russia in teaching application of information technologies in education, in particular, the experience of Moscow City University, that was one of the first in Russia to establish Department of Application of Information Technologies in Education for conducting basics of application of information technologies in education training of future teachers. The authors identified the main drawbacks of current pedagogical training in sphere of application of information technologies in education and gave recommendations on how to make it more effective. They formulated the priority direction in training of application of information technologies in education and the main goals and objectives of training teachers in this field. The authors singled out the key elements of the content of application of information technologies in education courses for teachers, and principles characterizing the application of information technologies in education as educational discipline. Recommendations formulated in the article will be useful for educational courses creation in sphere of application of information technologies in education aimed at training of future and current teachers of schools and high schools.

The article describes the basic elements of a unified landscape of educational technologies implementing ways to support interactivity and identification of students in the educational complex. Modern educational complexes using information technology (IT) should form a controlled environment with the ability to systematically collect and process information about the educational process. A permanent analysis of information about students, as well as educational materials, will allow us to identify the classes of students and educational content that are most suitable for each other in terms of time and success in learning . In the architecture of the educational system using IT, technological solutions have been identified that provide the formation of a database and a knowledge base required to solve this problem. On the basis of the specific features of the educational process implementation, it is possible to use various sets of technologies to solve certain didactic tasks, but it is the integrated application of the technologies described in the article that reveals the potential in the field of the education management quality.

The article discusses the necessity and possibility of how to use virtual digital environments while solving unconventional mathematical problems. It also compares a few ways of solution to the Bertrand paradox problem with traditional visual methods and the MathKit virtual environment. The support of interactive modelling platforms allows students to form holistic and integrated knowledge on the subject.

In the article, the formation of the creative qualities of students is analyzed using the example of the Mandelbrot set and the Julia sets. The connection between the points of the Mandelbrot set and the Julia sets for the degree of complex argument 2 is considered. A program that demonstrates this link is developed. An algorithm for constructing the Mandelbrot set of an arbitrary natural degree is given.

Cloud data storage provides a convenient framework for organizing remote work with speech databases. The article discusses the problem of constructing a research stand based on the use of cloud services for a obtaining of the estimation evaluation characteristics for integrated speech database.

The use of this stand will allow to determine the basic technological solutions to mechanisms for implementing remote access to the accumulated and systematized data in the speech database.

The use of cloud services as a new paradigm for the organization of infra-structure and the creation of distributed applications allow to develop a package of cloud web-services for unified multi-platform remote access to speech data-base in the cloud storage.

The report considers the issues of information interaction at destabilizing the state of the mixed robotic grouping. The equilibrium state is achieved by applying the principles of maintaining the quasi-stability state of the system and exchanging of pertinent data flows between objects. Within the framework of this, the spheres of their application, schemes of possible information interaction are examined using the example of unmanned aerial vehicles. In addition, an approach is described for planning the actions of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles under the conditions of “balancing on the brink” and the basic principle of pertinence. Pertinent information flows correspond to the specific information needs of each object in the mixed robotic group, what does not require additional resources for processing the received information. Moreover, the results of modeling the behavior of mixed robotic groups in the conditions of “balancing on the brink” with the exchange of the information, streams by the example of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles are presented. The simulation was performed using the developed special software and described using the IDEF0 functional modeling methodology. The developed functional model shows all the requirements, limitations, information and other resources involved in the process of achieving the goal by a group of unmanned aerial vehicles.

This article is devoted to the main possibilities of using natural language text processing technologies for historical research. The authors present a taxonomy of biographical facts and use text mining technologies (extraction of information from texts) to obtain biographical information from texts in Russian in accordance with the proposed types of biographical facts. The conducting of biographical research implies the need to view and study large amounts of textual information. The considerable part of the sources is currently presented in electronic form, which allows researchers to apply modern methods of extracting information to them. The article presents an overview of the main areas of application of technologies for automatic processing natural language texts in the humanities and describes the approach to the creation and implementation of the instrument for the extraction and systematization of biographical facts. This instrument will be useful to both historians and other users interested in biographical research.

The article discusses the difference between Data Vault and Snowflake methodologies in Hadoop infrastructure. The history of Data Vault methodology development from the original version to the modern is showed. The main components of Data Vault are described: hubs, communications, satellites. A comparison of the Data Vault approach with the classic star and snowflake approaches is performed. TPC-H test schema is designed using the Data Vault methodology: business entities are identified and converted to hubs, their rela-tionships are allocated to satellites. Result storage size and query execution time comparison between Data Vault and Snowflake is performed.

Most of the problems on graphs are hard problems. Therefore, it is obvious that an exhaustive approach to solving problems will rarely succeed. Approaches considered by other authors are related to evolutionary modeling, genetic algorithms and other stochastic algorithms, and they have some success. However, some shortcomings are seen in these approaches. The authors propose an approach that is heuristic, but not stochastic. The paper presents a generalized mathematical model of the problem that enables considering the problem of placement in n-dimensional space as a problem of searching for permutations of n elements. This eliminates such shortcomings of algorithms for placing graphs, such as the possibility of control over the process of operation of the algorithm and the strong dependence of the search capabilities on the time complexity of the algorithm. The presented heuristic algorithm Hebene was built based on the corresponding mathematical description. Computational experiments were undertaken for all pairwise nonisomorphic connected graphs up to order 9 inclusive. The algorithm found the optimal solution in more than 50% of cases, the algorithm also yielded acceptable solutions in other situations.

Within the framework of the Polyglot Persistence approach, a situationally-oriented database is considered - an information processor within a web application that processes XML/JSON documents based on the HSM hierarchical situational model. A flexibility task in HSM of mapping virtual documents for real data from various physical storages is discussed. In order to embed new data warehouses, it is suggested to follow the principle of invariance, the model does not change when embedding a new mapping. An approach mapping embedding is proposed, which provides for each new type of storage the development of three modules: manipulation, loading and saving, implemented as callback functions. To embed three modules working with the repository, a common plug-in technology is used. The approach is illustrated by the example of mapping to the table of the relational database SQLite. The advantages of the approach and practical implementation on the PHP platform are discussed and demonstrated on SQLite database.

This article considers the problem of UML class diagram refactoring. It gives a brief overview of the approaches to the UML class diagram describing, transformation and refactoring. Article also proposes a software tool for the UML class diagram refactoring called UML Refactoring. This software tool provides import of diagrams in XMI format, OO-metrics calculation. UML Refactoring tool searches for the transformations, which decrease a fitness function value. Article presents an algorithm of a prototype CLANG plugin, which receives C++ source code at the input and returns UML class diagram in XMI format.

The article analyzes the factors that have an impact on the activation of complex natural processes and their catastrophic consequences. Solar activity, precipitation and seismic activity have chosen as the most significant factors, a sharp increase in which leads to activation of natural processes such as landslides, mudflows, natural and forest fires, snow avalanches, hurricanes, tornados, squalls, volcanic eruptions, etc. Intermediate and resulting indicators have chosen to describe and evaluate the course of the processes under consideration: Natural Hazards, Time Frame and Cash. The construction of the Bayesian Belief Network for modeling of complex natural processes on the Northern Mountainous Coast of Black Sea, its structure and training by filling in probability tables are considered. Experts fill conditional probabilities for dependent or intermediate vertices. The values of unconditional probabilities have filled according to observation data for top-level vertices. The managing or controlling factor is determined as Funds Invested and its importance has discussed. Simulation of various scenarios of the course of natural processes has carried out, for which the probability of occurrence of certain states of the resulting outcome indicators is calculated.

The paper discusses possible application of high technology including virtual reality (VR) in diagnostics of individual typological features of the person. The authors have revealed application features of virtual reality in diagnostics of psychophysiological professionally important qualities that determine potential or actual abilities to a certain effective professional activity. They have classified psychophysiological features as well as application features of virtual reality in diagnostics of the former. The main methods of medicine, diagnostic medicine, virtual reality technology aimed at diagnostics, identification of respondents' state, professional orientation are determined on the base of an integral methodological approach.

The analysis of various intellectual simulators aimed at psychophysiological diagnostics of students on the basis of virtual reality is performed. The possibilities of their application for the determination of psychophysiological, professionally significant personality traits are considered on the basis of intellectual simulators developed by the authors. The conditions for using virtual reality in the process of training, vocational training and retraining, methodical and didactic features of the use of simulators have been revealed.

We propose a new approach to the construction of multilayer neural network models of real objects. It is based on the method of constructing approximate multilayer solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which was successfully used by the authors earlier. The essence of this method is to modify known numerical methods for solving ODEs and applying them to a variable-length interval. Classical methods produce a table of numbers as a result; our methods provide approximate solutions in the form of functions. This approach allows refining the model when new information is received. In accordance with the proposed concept of constructing models of complex objects or processes, this method is used by the authors to construct a neural network model of a freely sagging real thread. Measurements were made using experiments with a real hemp rope. Originally, a rough rope model was constructed in the form of an ODE system. It turned out that the selection of unknown parameters of this model does not allow satisfying the experimental data with acceptable accuracy. Then, using the author's method, three approximate functional solutions were constructed and analyzed. The selection of the same parameters allowed us to obtain the approximations, corresponding to experimental data with accuracy close to the measurement error. Our approach illustrates a new paradigm of mathematical modeling. From our point of view, it is natural to regard conditions, such as boundary value problems, experimental data, as raw materials for constructing a mathematical model, the accuracy and the complexity of which must correspond to the initial data.

The influence of temperature on mechanical characteristics during stretching of elastic material is investigated, functional dependence is created by means of neural networks. Perceptrons with a varying number of neurons were used. High-strength heat-resistant complex filaments were the samples in experiments. The tests were carried out at 5 different temperature levels. On the basis of the obtained data, the functional dependence of each of the parameters on the temperature of the material was revealed. For polyester thread, methods for processing data from an accelerated experiment are given, which make it possible to significantly shorten the time of its carrying out. The methods considered are universal and can be applied to other elastic materials.

This article continues the authors’ research on the methods of constructing approximate multilayer solutions of differential equations as functions. These methods are based on the use of classical formulas for the approximate solution of differential equations for a variable interval. They have been used successfully by the authors in solving problems for ordinary differential equations. The solution to the initial-boundary value problems for partial differential equations encounters certain difficulties. We test the proposed methods of overcoming these difficulties in the first place on simple problems with known analytical solution. Here we consider the problem for the simplest wave equation with one space variable in the case of special initial conditions (Gaussian) and zero boundary conditions at infinity. We compare different methods by computational experiments: the Euler method, the corrected Euler method, the Störmer method and its modifications. The results of applying these methods are compared with the known analytical solution.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of empirical research in Russia consistent with the methodology of network analysis. The article gives deals with software items and analytical cases, which show the application of the network analysis for both fully developed social networks and communities, as well as for identification and analysis of the network structures within the conventional channel of authority. The field of network research in Russia is circumscribed by the online space due to the availability and diversity of ways to identify, extract and record network data, which impedes transposition of online research findings into the whole social space. Besides, the authors of the article put a particular emphasis on the underworked area of mathematic methods used for network analysis, which is essential for a detailed interpretation of findings of the applied network research. The article also touches upon the issue of the forms of network analysis: principal form of network analysis in Russia is a structural network analysis, which allows an ultimate upgrade to network research.

This article is about the probability distribution of the maximum of the logarithm of the complexity of an individual travelling salesman problem. The complexity is defined as a number of nodes of the decision tree, which was created by the branch and bound algorithm. We applied our earlier results that the distribution of the logarithm of the complexity of travelling salesman problem can be approximated by the normal distribution. In combination with the representation of the distribution of maximum of normally distributed random variables, we obtain the approximation for the distribution of the maximum of the complexity in cases of infinitely large samples. The accuracy of the approximation was visualized on the graph. In order to simplify the approximation for comparatively small samples, we used the normal distribution with the parameters equal to the expectation and standard deviation of approximation for infinitely large samples. This allowed us to obtain representations for the normal distribution, which approximates the distribution of the maximum of the natural logarithm of the complexity in series of \(m\) travelling salesman problem of size \(n\). The quality of the representations was analysed by the experiment. On the graph, we showed the quantiles of the theoretical distribution of the maximum of the logarithm of the complexity and the sample’s quantiles in the case of samples of 500 and 1000 travelling salesman problem.

In the paper we consider some issues on using non-autonomous discrete models for describing the dynamics of the behavior of complex technical and natural systems. We discuss the questions on determining the coefficients of the model in the case, when these coefficients are time dependent. We propose an approach allowing one to determine these parameters so that their values reflect real data on external and internal conditions. We propose also a corresponding discrete mathematical model allowing to predict the dynamics of the behavior of the system under varying in time external and internal factors. We develop algorithms for solving this problem as well as corresponding programs in MatLab and MathCad. We provide some numerical and graphical results of the study of the proposed model.

The article deals with the study of main hydrodynamic characteristics of the directed fluidized bed in vortex granulators. The algorithm to calculate hydrodynamic characteristics of the directed vortex fluidized bed in the granulator’s workspace is described. Every block of algorithm has theoretical model of calculation. Principles of granules’ motion in various areas in the vortex granulator with variable heightwise workspace area are established. The software realization of author’s mathematic model to calculate granules’ motion trajectory in free and constrained regime, granule’s residence time in the granulator’s workspace, polydisperse systems classification is proposed in the study. Calculations of granule’s motion hydrodynamic characteristics using the software product ANSYS CFX, based on the author’s mathematic model, are presented in the article. The software product enables to automatize calculation simultaneously by several optimization criteria and to visualize calculation results in the form of 3D images. The fields of the granules’ vortex flows velocity are obtained, principles of wide fraction granules’ distribution in the workspace of the vortex granulator are fixed. The way to define granule’s residence time in the workspace of the vortex granulator in free (without consideration of cooperation with other granules and granulator’s elements) and constrained motion regimes is proposed in the research. The calculation results make a base for optimal choice of the granulator’s working chamber sizes.

Industrial policy was an object of intense discussions for the three recent decades. Now the information revolution raises new challenges. Spread of Artificial Intelligence, which is a general purpose technology (GPT), increases dramatically the uncertainty of technology development. Ubiquitous global IT platforms like Amazon or Google require achieving balance between their interests, on the one hand, and the interests of local consumers and producers, on the other. New class of peer-to-peer networks arising in the last decade challenge both platform markets and modern corporations. This situation leads to a number of tradeoffs to be solved in modern industrial policy. The paper discusses these tradeoffs by example of the Information Society Strategy and Digitalization Program in Russia and draws consequences influencing industrial policy in general.

The paper is devoted to the application of graph theory as one of the most effective tools for assessing various economic indicators. A graph model of an enterprise distribution system based on the classic Dijkstra and Floyd-Warshall algorithms is presented. With the help of the model used, it is possible to calculate the gross profit of an enterprise from trade in a distributed territory. The developed algorithms allow performing calculations taking into account the so-called product flows and determining the maximum profit of a reseller. We show that the average price when the “flow” of products arises depends on the level of dispersion of final prices. In particular, we show that for enterprises with a high average price, the risk of “product flows” is high even for a small dispersion of prices and enterprises with a higher cost of production are recommended to use non-price methods of combating these “product flows”.

The use of the competency-based approach in the educational process results in the need to formulate a quantification and objective evaluation of students’ competencies that they mastered in the course of their studies.

The article proposes a methodology and algorithm for calculating the achieved competencies level formed during training of university graduates. The methodology is based on a structural description of competencies through the results of training in individual disciplines and the number of credits allocated for the subject mastery.

To display the links between disciplines and learning outcomes, an index designation system is introduced. Connected sets are a mathematical representation of a curriculum. Learning outcomes are evaluated through controls, each of which is characterized by a specific labor intensity. The use of labor intensity as weighting factors enables an objective assessment of learning outcomes and the competencies level.

The results can be used to justify the objectivity of using a point-rating system both within the individual disciplines, and the curriculum as a whole.