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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. Moving Towards Amicability: An Insider Peacebuilding Platform as a Means to Reconciliation in the Patani Conflict in the Deep South of Thailand

verfasst von : Nansiri Iamsuk

Erschienen in: Reconciliation in Conflict-Affected Communities

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

The deep-rooted ethno-political conflict between the Thai state and the Malay-Muslim insurgents in the deep south of Thailand turned violent in 2004. Since 2013, both sides have taken tentative steps towards a formal peace process. While the leaders feel their way around the situation, the violence on the ground continues in the affected provinces of the country, leading to further grievances and polarisation between Muslim and Buddhist communities. Following an overview of the historical roots of the conflict and the current elite-level peace process, the chapter discusses the attempts at fostering reconciliation in the midst of conflict. It pays particular attention to the Patani Insider Peacebuilding Platform, an initiative of local academic and civil society organisations, which seeks to mitigate inter-communal conflict. While talk of reconciliation may be premature in the presence of persistent violence, this initiative contributes to conflict mitigation in the present and holds the promise of reconciliation in the future.

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In this paper the term “Patani” is used to refer to Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and four districts of Songkla province. It has sensitive political connotations given that the term is often used by the Malay insurgents, and it is not in the favour of the Thai authority. The term “Pattani” only refers to a province in the Deep South region of Thailand. The Insider Peace Platform created “Pat(t)ani” with the intention to emphasize the need for an inclusive term acknowledging the multicultural character of the region (Anuvatudom and Ropers 2013, endnote).

Historically Patani was originated as Langkasuka Kingdom around the second century. It was culturally influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism (Atchawanitkul et al. 2006). Roughly, around the ninth century to twelfth centuries, Islam was widely spread in the Malay Peninsula and Indonesian Archipelago. The King Phayatu Nakpa Maha Wangsa converted to Islam himself and later in 1390 he renamed Langkasuka to Patani Darussalam (Binji et al. 2013).

The demands were: (1) the person who would govern the four southern provinces of Patani, Yala, Narathiwat and Satun should be a local-born Muslim and elected by the populace and the person in this position should be retained without being replaced; (2) all of the taxes obtained within the four provinces should be spent within the provinces only; (3) the government should support education in the Malay language up to the fourth grade in parish schools within the four provinces; (4) eighty percent of the government officials within the four provinces should be Muslims born within the provinces; (5) the Malay language should be another official language in the region alongside Thai language; (6) the government should allow the Islamic Council to establish laws pertaining to the customs and ceremonies of Islam with the agreement of the high official; (7) the government should separate the religious court from the civil court in the four provinces and permit full authority to conduct cases (Aphornsuvan 2007).

At the end of 2013, the BRN demanded that the Thai party meet five conditions, which are

(1) Recognising the BRN as the official representative of the Patani people;

(2) Appointing Malaysia as a mediator;

(3) Engaging ASEAN community members, OIC and NGOs in witnessing the dialogue;

(4) Recognising the existence and the sovereignty of the Patani Malay nation in the land of Patani; and

(5) Releasing all Patani-related political prisoners (Barisan Revolusi Nasional Melayu Patani, 2013).

These demands are indeed a great challenge for the Thai side to overcome. But before the then Thai government could explore response to those proposals, they were overshadowed by the expanding anti-government protest during the time.

Note that Pulo-P4 has withdrawn from the group in April due to internal disagreement (Chalermsripinyorat 2015).

The English translation is an unofficial to the author’s knowledge. For further reference, here is the link of the original report in Thai, https://chaisuk.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/nrcreport-thai1.pdf.

A core member of the IPP, personal communication, 19 April 2015.

Ibid.

IPP participant, personal communication, 24 April 2015.

A core member of the IPP, personal communication, 19 April 2015.

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Titel: Moving Towards Amicability: An Insider Peacebuilding Platform as a Means to Reconciliation in the Patani Conflict in the Deep South of Thailand
verfasst von: Nansiri Iamsuk
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Reconciliation in Conflict-Affected Communities
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6798-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-6800-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6800-3_10