Multi-hop Routing Algorithm Using Steiner Points for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most important factors influencing the networks’ performance. Energy efficiency is recognized as a critical problem in WSNs so it is important to minimize the total energy consumed by the nodes in a round. Many routing protocols have been proposed to extend networks lifetime through finding energy efficient routing paths. In his paper, we propose a multi-hop routing energy efficient scheme that considers residual energy and distance factors to develop optimal clusters and cluster heads for achieving efficiency and prolonging network lifetime. By MRRCE, rounds in which the first node dies and the last node dies are greatly increased. Moreover, the simulation results prove low energy consumption and lifetime increase. As another contribution of the paper, some algorithms like Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed (HEED), Extended HEED, DIRECT, Two-Dimensional Technique Based on Center of Gravity and Energy Center, Energy-Aware Evolutionary Routing Protocol and Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering Mechanism have been analyzed.