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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Multi-tiered Nature of Environmental Pollution Problems and the Pollution Control Governance in China: The Role of Environmental NGOs

verfasst von : Akihiro Chiashi

Erschienen in: Environmental Policy and Governance in China

Verlag: Springer Japan

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Abstract

Environmental pollution in China is a multi-tiered problem influenced by many interrelated factors at different scales, such as local, national, and global politics and the economy. Recent ever-increasing environmental pollution incidents in China indicate the limitations of one-sided environmental measures by the government and companies. The role of environmental NGOs and their participation are increasingly significant for improving environmental pollution controlling governance in China.
This chapter studies the multi-tiered nature of environmental pollution in China through case studies in air pollution and industrial pollution. Then, it studies some recent work by environmental NGOs to try to achieve a breakthrough to cope with the politically and economically multi-tiered nature of environmental pollution.
Work by environmental NGOs will have a positive effect on alleviating public discontent concerning environmental pollution. They will also help the government work as an intermediary between the public and polluting companies. Restrictions on this work by environmental NGOs, on the contrary, will worsen the public discontent and prevent progress in the area of pollution controlling governance in China.

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Fußnoten
1
See Kitagawa (2008) and Kitagawa (2012). Ren and Shou (2013) also focus on the environmental governance and the problems in China from various perspectives.
 
2
There are some ways to claim the compensation to the pollution source, such as visits and letters or litigation. However, these ways are strongly restricted by politics in China. See Chap. 6 or Stern (2013).
 
3
Chiashi (2015), Chapter 1, studied the worst air polluting region (Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei) during 2013 to 2014 in China. Industrial pollution sources, particularly heavy industries, are gathered in Hebei province, and the situation is worst in Hebei, because of the political and economic reason of the region.
 
4
Recently, many of research papers or books whose title includes “environmental governance” don’t focus on industrial pollution. Those researches are mostly focused on the issue of climate change, renewable energy, forest management, sustainable community development, etc.
 
5
There are some social organizations who work as grassroots NGOs which don’t register the government division of civil affairs. They register to division of industry and commerce as a company or work without registration (Huang (2014:91).
 
6
These NGO’s works in this chapter are based on their disclosed materials, website, or interview by author. However, the aim and effect of the work doesn’t represent NGO’s view but its author’s own view.
 
7
The contents of the meeting can be referred on Shuguang’s website (http://​www.​sggreen.​org/​index.​html, accessed in 6 August, 2016) or Weibo.
 
8
Green Peace China, Research on the Asia’s largest lead and zinc mine at Yunnan Lanping: Various pain, https://​www.​greenpeace.​org.​cn/​lead-zinc-pollution-report/​, accessed in June 18, 2015
 
9
5 NGOs are Greenqilu (绿行齐鲁),Tianjin Luling (天津绿领),the Rock Environment and Energy Institute (磐石环境与能源研究所), China Air Pollution Observation Hebei Volunteers Group (中国空气观察河北志愿者小组), and Nature University (北京水源保护基金会自然大学基金(自然大学)).
 
10
Advancing Public Management, Support North China Fog Control: First report on “North china coal issue” http://​www.​nu.​ngo.​cn/​xxtd/​1577.​html, accessed in June 12, 2015. Nature University (自然大学, NU) is one of the grassroots environmental NGOs in Beijing. NU’s work is not just for the nature conservation but for the research, investigation, information gathering of environmental pollution, and disclosure of the information to the public.
 
11
According to the interview to an Am organizer on November 3, 2014, at Beijing, followers to Am are about 300.
 
12
Pollution map is available on the IPE website, http://​www.​ipe.​org.​cn/​pollution/​index.​aspx, accessed in August 6, 2016. The data is renewed all the time.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Multi-tiered Nature of Environmental Pollution Problems and the Pollution Control Governance in China: The Role of Environmental NGOs
verfasst von
Akihiro Chiashi
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer Japan
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56490-4_9