Multilayer “Steel/Vanadium Alloy/Steel” Hybrid Material Obtained by High-Pressure Torsion at Different Temperatures

The severe plastic deformation (SPD) method for joining dissimilar metal materials to obtain a multilayer hybrid material having an ultrafine or nanoscale structure was proposed. A nanostructured multilayer “0.08C-18Cr-0.5Ti steel/V-10Ti-5Cr alloy/0.08C-18Cr-0.5Ti steel” hybrid material was obtained by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at different temperatures. The analysis of the structure of the hybrid material and its components was carried out by the methods of transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The distribution of chemical elements in the cross section of the hybrid material was studied by X-ray microanalysis. The microhardness was measured to estimate the hybrid material hardening after HPT. Tight joint zones between the layers of the hybrid material were formed during HPT. The fragmentation of the steel and vanadium alloy layers was observed, and the “mixing” of the layers occurred after HPT at 293 K and 473 K (20 °C and 200 °C). A smoother interface between the layers was observed after HPT at 673 K (400 °C). The significant hardening (2.0 to 3.5×) of each layer of the hybrid material was observed as a result of HPT.