Skip to main content

2005 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Natural Hazards

verfasst von : Vivian Gornitz

Erschienen in: Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Excerpt

Natural hazards are physical phenomena that expose the coastal zone to risk of property damage, loss of life, or environmental degradation. Rapid-onset hazards last over periods of minutes to several days. Examples include major cyclones, accompanied by high winds, waves, surges, and tsunamis—giant sea waves set off by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or submarine landslides. Slow-onset hazards develop incrementally over longer time periods. Examples include coastal erosion and sea-level rise. …

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Alexander, D., 1993. Natural Disasters. New York: Chapman & Hall. Alexander, D., 1993. Natural Disasters. New York: Chapman & Hall.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell, 1999. Geological Hazards: Their Assessment, Avoidance, and Mitigation. London: E & FN Spon (Routledge). Bell, 1999. Geological Hazards: Their Assessment, Avoidance, and Mitigation. London: E & FN Spon (Routledge).
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bird, E.C.F., 1985. Coastline Changes: A Global Review. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Bird, E.C.F., 1985. Coastline Changes: A Global Review. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bird, E.C.F., 1996. Beach Management.s Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Bird, E.C.F., 1996. Beach Management.s Chichester: John Wiley & Sons
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Boesch, D.F., Josselyn, M.N., Mehta, A.J., Morris, J.T., Nuttle, W.K., Simenstad, C.A., and Swift, D.J.P., 1994. Scientific Assessment of Coastal Wetland Loss, Restoration and Management in Louisiana. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue 20. Boesch, D.F., Josselyn, M.N., Mehta, A.J., Morris, J.T., Nuttle, W.K., Simenstad, C.A., and Swift, D.J.P., 1994. Scientific Assessment of Coastal Wetland Loss, Restoration and Management in Louisiana. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue 20.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Chagnon, S.A., and Chagnon, D., 1999. Record-high losses for weather disasters in the United States during the 1990s: how excessive and why? Natural Hazards, 18: 287–300. Chagnon, S.A., and Chagnon, D., 1999. Record-high losses for weather disasters in the United States during the 1990s: how excessive and why? Natural Hazards, 18: 287–300.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Coch, N.K., 1995. Geohazards: Natural and Human. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Coch, N.K., 1995. Geohazards: Natural and Human. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Culliton, T.J., 1998. Population: Distribution, Density and Growth. Silver Spring, MD: NOAA’s State of the Coast Report. Culliton, T.J., 1998. Population: Distribution, Density and Growth. Silver Spring, MD: NOAA’s State of the Coast Report.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis, R.E., and Dolan, R., 1993. Nor’easters. American Science, 81: 428–439. Davis, R.E., and Dolan, R., 1993. Nor’easters. American Science, 81: 428–439.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat De Ronde, J.G., 1991. Rising Waters: Impacts of the Greenhouse Effect for the Netherlands. The Hague: Rijkswaterstaat. De Ronde, J.G., 1991. Rising Waters: Impacts of the Greenhouse Effect for the Netherlands. The Hague: Rijkswaterstaat.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Dolan, R., and Davis, R.E., 1992. An intensity scale for Atlantic coast northeast storms. Journal of Coastal Research, 8: 840–853. Dolan, R., and Davis, R.E., 1992. An intensity scale for Atlantic coast northeast storms. Journal of Coastal Research, 8: 840–853.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Dolan, R., and Davis, R.E., 1994. Coastal storm hazards. In Finkl, C.W., Jr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue No. 12, pp. 104–114. Dolan, R., and Davis, R.E., 1994. Coastal storm hazards. In Finkl, C.W., Jr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue No. 12, pp. 104–114.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Dolan, R., Anders, F., and Kimball, S., 1985. Coastal Erosion and Accretion. In National Atlas, Reston: US Geological Survey. Dolan, R., Anders, F., and Kimball, S., 1985. Coastal Erosion and Accretion. In National Atlas, Reston: US Geological Survey.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Douglas, B.C., Crowell, M., and Leatherman, S.P., 1998. Considerations for shoreline prediction. Journal of Coastal Research, 14: 1025–1033. Douglas, B.C., Crowell, M., and Leatherman, S.P., 1998. Considerations for shoreline prediction. Journal of Coastal Research, 14: 1025–1033.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Driscoll, N.W., Weissel, J.K., and Goff, J.A., 2000. Potential for largescale submarine slope failure and tsunami generation along the US mid-Atlantic coast. Geology, 28: 407–410. Driscoll, N.W., Weissel, J.K., and Goff, J.A., 2000. Potential for largescale submarine slope failure and tsunami generation along the US mid-Atlantic coast. Geology, 28: 407–410.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Dugan, B., and Flemings, P.B., 2000. Overpressure and fluid flow in the New Jersey continental slope: implications for slope failure and cold seeps. Science, 288: 289–291. Dugan, B., and Flemings, P.B., 2000. Overpressure and fluid flow in the New Jersey continental slope: implications for slope failure and cold seeps. Science, 288: 289–291.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Gornitz, V., 1995. Monitoring sea level rise. Climate Change, 31: 515–544 Gornitz, V., 1995. Monitoring sea level rise. Climate Change, 31: 515–544
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Griggs, G.B., 1994. California’s coastal hazards. In Finkl, C.W., Jr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue No. 12, pp. 1–15. Griggs, G.B., 1994. California’s coastal hazards. In Finkl, C.W., Jr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue No. 12, pp. 1–15.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Henderson-Sellers, A., Zhang, H., Berz, G., Emanuel, K., Gray, W., Landsea, C., Holland, G., Lighthill, J., Shieh, S-L., Webster, P., and McGuffie, K., 1998. Tropical cyclones and global climate change: a post-IPCC assessment. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 79: 19–38. Henderson-Sellers, A., Zhang, H., Berz, G., Emanuel, K., Gray, W., Landsea, C., Holland, G., Lighthill, J., Shieh, S-L., Webster, P., and McGuffie, K., 1998. Tropical cyclones and global climate change: a post-IPCC assessment. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 79: 19–38.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat IPCC, 2001a. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In Ding, Y., Grigg, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden P.J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C.A. (eds). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. IPCC, 2001a. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In Ding, Y., Grigg, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden P.J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C.A. (eds). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat IPCC, 2001b. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In McCarthy, J.J., Canziani, O.F., Leary, N.A., Dokken, D.J., and White, K.S. (eds). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. IPCC, 2001b. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In McCarthy, J.J., Canziani, O.F., Leary, N.A., Dokken, D.J., and White, K.S. (eds). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Landsea, C.W., Pielke, R.A., Jr., Mestas-Nunez, A.M., and Knaff, J.A., 1999. Atlantic basin hurricanes: indices of climatic changes. Climate Change, 42: 89–129. Landsea, C.W., Pielke, R.A., Jr., Mestas-Nunez, A.M., and Knaff, J.A., 1999. Atlantic basin hurricanes: indices of climatic changes. Climate Change, 42: 89–129.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Munich Re, 1993. Winter Storms in Europe: Analysis of 1990 Losses and Future Loss Potential. Munich: Munich Reinsurance Company. Munich Re, 1993. Winter Storms in Europe: Analysis of 1990 Losses and Future Loss Potential. Munich: Munich Reinsurance Company.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Murty, T.S., and Flather, R.A., 1994. Impact of storm surges in the Bay of Bengal. In Finkl, C.W., Jr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue No. 12, pp. 149–161. Murty, T.S., and Flather, R.A., 1994. Impact of storm surges in the Bay of Bengal. In Finkl, C.W., Jr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue No. 12, pp. 149–161.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat National Research Council, 1987. Responding to Changes in Sea Level: Engineering Implications. Washington: National Academy Press National Research Council, 1987. Responding to Changes in Sea Level: Engineering Implications. Washington: National Academy Press
26.
Zurück zum Zitat National Research Council, 1995. Beach Nourishment and Protection. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 334p. National Research Council, 1995. Beach Nourishment and Protection. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 334p.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat NOAA, 2001. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes from 1900 to 2000 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts). NOAA Technical Memoris NWS TPC-1, J.D. Jarrell and C.W. Landsea. (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/deadly/index.html) NOAA, 2001. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes from 1900 to 2000 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts). NOAA Technical Memoris NWS TPC-1, J.D. Jarrell and C.W. Landsea. (http://​www.​aoml.​noaa.​gov/​hrd/​Landsea/​deadly/​index.​html)
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Penland, S., Ramsey K.E., McBride, R.A., Moslow, T.F., and Westphal, K.A., 1989. Relative sea level rise and subsidence in Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico. Louisiana Geological Survey Coastal Geology of Technical Report No. 3, 65p. Penland, S., Ramsey K.E., McBride, R.A., Moslow, T.F., and Westphal, K.A., 1989. Relative sea level rise and subsidence in Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico. Louisiana Geological Survey Coastal Geology of Technical Report No. 3, 65p.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Pirazzoli, P.A., 1991. Possible defenses against a sea-level rise in the Venice area, Italy. Journal of Coastal Research, 7: 231–248. Pirazzoli, P.A., 1991. Possible defenses against a sea-level rise in the Venice area, Italy. Journal of Coastal Research, 7: 231–248.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines, 1999. The U.S. Beach Nourishment Experience: New England, East Coast Barrier Islands, Gulf of Mexico, and Great Lakes Shorelines. Durham: Duke University. Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines, 1999. The U.S. Beach Nourishment Experience: New England, East Coast Barrier Islands, Gulf of Mexico, and Great Lakes Shorelines. Durham: Duke University.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Satake, K., Shimazaki, K., Tsuji, Y., and Ueda, K., 1996. Time and size of a giant earthquake in Casadia inferred from Japanese tsunami records of January 1700. Nature, 379: 246–249. Satake, K., Shimazaki, K., Tsuji, Y., and Ueda, K., 1996. Time and size of a giant earthquake in Casadia inferred from Japanese tsunami records of January 1700. Nature, 379: 246–249.
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Soloviev, S.L., 1978. Tsunamis. In The Assessment and Mitigation of Earthquake Risk, Paris: UNESCO, 91–143. Soloviev, S.L., 1978. Tsunamis. In The Assessment and Mitigation of Earthquake Risk, Paris: UNESCO, 91–143.
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Small, C., Gornitz, V., and Cohen, J.E., 2000. Coastal hazards and the global distribution of human population. Environmental Geosciences. 7: 3–12. Small, C., Gornitz, V., and Cohen, J.E., 2000. Coastal hazards and the global distribution of human population. Environmental Geosciences. 7: 3–12.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Storlazzi, C.D., and Griggs, G.B., 2000. Influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the evolution of central California’s shoreline. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 112: 236–249. Storlazzi, C.D., and Griggs, G.B., 2000. Influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the evolution of central California’s shoreline. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 112: 236–249.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Tappin, D.R. et al., 1999. Sediment slump likely caused 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami. EOS, Transactions of American Geophysical Union, 80(30): 329, 334, 340. Tappin, D.R. et al., 1999. Sediment slump likely caused 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami. EOS, Transactions of American Geophysical Union, 80(30): 329, 334, 340.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/FEMA/National Weather Service, 1995. Metro New York Hurricane Transportation Study. Interim Technical Data Report. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/FEMA/National Weather Service, 1995. Metro New York Hurricane Transportation Study. Interim Technical Data Report.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Valverde, H.R., Trembanis, A.C., and Pilkey, O.H., 1999. Summary of Beach Nourishment Episodes on the U.S. East Coast barrier islands. Journal of Coastal Research, 15: 1100–1118. Valverde, H.R., Trembanis, A.C., and Pilkey, O.H., 1999. Summary of Beach Nourishment Episodes on the U.S. East Coast barrier islands. Journal of Coastal Research, 15: 1100–1118.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Van der Vink, G. et al., 1998. Why the United States is becoming more vulnerable to natural disasters. EOS, Transactions of American Geophysical Union, 79, 533, 537. Van der Vink, G. et al., 1998. Why the United States is becoming more vulnerable to natural disasters. EOS, Transactions of American Geophysical Union, 79, 533, 537.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, K., Douglas, B.S., and Leatherman, S.P., 1997. East Coast strom surges provide unique climate record. EOS, Transactions of American Geophysics Un., 78: 389, 396–397. Zhang, K., Douglas, B.S., and Leatherman, S.P., 1997. East Coast strom surges provide unique climate record. EOS, Transactions of American Geophysics Un., 78: 389, 396–397.
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, K., Douglas, B.S., and Leatherman, S.P., 2000. Twentieth-century storm activity along the U.S. East Coast. Journal of Climate, 13: 1748–1761. Zhang, K., Douglas, B.S., and Leatherman, S.P., 2000. Twentieth-century storm activity along the U.S. East Coast. Journal of Climate, 13: 1748–1761.
Metadaten
Titel
Natural Hazards
verfasst von
Vivian Gornitz
Copyright-Jahr
2005
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_221