In-situ synthesized CNT on cement (CNT@Cem) can alleviate the CNT dispersion issue and enhance its composite efficiency and effectiveness on the modification of cement-based composites. Due to the inherently containing silicate and ferrite phases, microscale cement particles act as effective substrate-bound catalysts, facilitating high-yield and strongly anchored CNT growth. The hierarchically structured CNT@Cem integrates the dual functions of reinforcement and conduction Incorporating CNT@Cem is effective in tailoring the electrical microstructures to enhance the electrical conductivity and self-sensing sensitivity of cement-based composites. The cement-based nanocomposites with CNT@Cem demonstrate excellent repeatability and stability, outstanding adaptability to various applied conditions, and fast response and recovery. They can be used to develop smart track slab for axle counting and speed detection, and have great potential for long-term, wide-distribution, and low-cost monitoring of high-speed rail infrastructures.
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