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Erschienen in:
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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. New Northern Cities

verfasst von : Dr. Julian Bolleter

Erschienen in: The Ghost Cities of Australia

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

There have been numerous recent proposals for new or boosted cities in northern Australia. These include new charter cities in the north proposed by World Bank Vice President Paul Romer. Other proposals include Western Australian state government plans to turn Pilbara mining company towns into bustling cities, and Northern Territory Government plans to build a satellite city orbiting Darwin. This chapter provides a tour of these new or boosted city proposals and discusses their agendas and spatial planning. These proposals are potentially important because the federal government has projected a possible fourfold increase in the north’s population by 2060.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Decentralization Fever
Nächstes Kapitel Barriers to New Northern Cities
Fußnoten
1
For instance, Darwin is constrained by riverine flooding and ecology and Cairns and Townsville by mountain ranges, flood plains, rain-forested hillslopes, and important habitats.
 
2
There have also been some unsolicited proposals for new and boosted cities in the southern areas of Australia in this period. These include a 2013 proposal by Richard Weller and the author for chains of new cities forming megaregions between Brisbane and Melbourne on the east coast, and Geraldton and Busselton on the west coast (2013).
 
3
The proposals have been particularly located in northwestern Australia where settlement is significantly sparser than on the northeast coast and where significant mining development is occurring.
 
4
Richard Weller, and the author, received a commendation award for the same competition.
 
5
Ecoscape is an environmental consultancy, landscape architecture, and spatial planning practice based in Perth, Western Australia.
 
6
While the exact governance role of ANEC is not stated, it could form the capital of a new northern state comprising the north of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland.
 
7
It is worth noting, however, that there is very little substantive government presence associated with the federal government through the Office of Northern Australia.
 
8
Australia is an exceptional country in global terms: It has developed-nation affluence, capital stocks and consumption levels but a developing-nation pattern of population growth (Raupach et al. 2012).
 
9
SEZs are also referred to as Free Trade Zones and Export Processing Zones (Dovey 2016).
 
10
Mining magnate Lang Hancock in 1979 and his daughter Gina Rinehart in 2013 have made calls for the creation of SEZs to boost northern Australia’s development (Hancock 1979; Australians for Northern Development and Economic Vision 2013). In the mid-1980s, the Northern Territory Government actually established a manufacturing Trade Development Zone (TDZ) in Darwin, Australia’s only free trade zone; however, it collapsed in 2003 (Wu and Winchester 2015).
 
11
Paul Romer (born 1955) is a well-known American economist and is currently chief economist and senior vice president of the World Bank.
 
12
Australians generally refer to ranches as “cattle stations.”
 
13
“Galt’s Gulch” was depicted in Ayn Rand’s 1957 novel “Atlas Shrugged.”
 
14
Dr. Benjamen Gussen is a lecturer in law at the University of Southern Queensland and is a vice president of the Australian Law and Economics Association (AustLEA) (University of Southern Queensland 2017).
 
15
The Kimberley region comprises the northwest of Western Australia.
 
16
This name has been coined by the author.
 
17
Ken Parish is a legal academic at Charles Darwin University in the Northern Territory and his particular interest is in the areas of administrative and constitutional law (Charles Darwin University 2017).
 
18
This builds on a proposal by economist Robert Wiblin suggested in 2009, shortly after a substantial increase in refugees arriving by boat (Parish 2014).
 
19
Interestingly, Melville Island was also put forward as one of two possible sites for a Jewish colony in 1939, the other being in the Kimberley (Langfield 2001).
 
20
This is no small task. A 1980s’ survey of residents of Pilbara mining towns Shay Gap and Newman indicated that more than one-third of respondents reported “we are so remote here that we feel the rest of the world has forgotten us” (Newton 1985).
 
21
The FIFO model has become the dominant model for supplying mining labor in the Pilbara but also in coal mining operations in Queensland.
 
22
The Planning Group (TPG) in Perth was the urban design and planning firm that lead Karratha’s redesign. TPG employed me on the project, in an urban design visualization capacity, in 2010.
 
23
Since the failure of a BHP-HBI hot briquetted iron plant in 2005, no company has attempted scaled steel production in the Pilbara (Green et al. 2014).
 
24
Many mining towns formed in northern Australia in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. These have become largely ghost towns, with now subtle evidence of built fabric surviving in such places as Halls Creek, Marble Bar, the Kimberley Goldfield, and the Pilbara Field in Western Australia, Tennant Creek, Pine Creek, and Rum Jungle in the Northern Territory, Cloncurry, Croydon, Charters Towers, Ravenswood, and Mount Isa in Queensland.
 
25
“Retention rates” in this sentence does not refer to students generally staying at school.
 
26
“Beginnings” in this respect refers only to European Australian history. The site of what was to become the Gold Coast was, in part, indigenous burial grounds and has a far deeper history than that countenanced in this section.
 
27
While tourism only provides temporary population influxes, the profit and revenue that tourists generate has provided an economic driver for migrants from southern Australian cities to relocate to tourist hubs such as the Gold Coast. This is complemented by “sea changers” and “tree changers” (Salt 2011), who often move to such “lifestyle cities” in their retirement.
 
28
This name was coined by Bernard Salt to describe an expanded twenty-first century Broome (Salt 2011).
 
29
Weddell is now a proposed satellite city of Darwin.
 
30
Bernard Salt is a partner at KPMG, an author and journalist for “The Australian” and “Herald Sun” newspapers as well as being chairman of the Tourism Forecasting Committee.
 
31
This assessment was made by the Kimberley Development Commission in relation to the Kimberley region’s projected population growth, within which Broome’s growth is projected to occur (2015).
 
32
Lord Alistair McAlpine was Margaret Thatcher’s treasury secretary. McAlpine fell in love with Broome in the 1970s and became a major investor in Broome in the 1980s, where he would live for several months a year.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
New Northern Cities
verfasst von
Dr. Julian Bolleter
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
The Ghost Cities of Australia

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-89895-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-89896-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89896-4_4