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2019 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

NGOs and Accountability in China

Child Welfare Organisations

verfasst von: Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book investigates how NGOs in authoritarian states, such as China, craft accountability and legitimacy to ensure their survival. It explores this through the lens of child welfare organisations from 2007 to 2017. The authors provide a fresh approach to accountability that is more attuned to the particular conditions of authoritarianism. The project explores the effects of power relations in shaping the hierarchies of accountability and participation that emerge and the attention given to different voices such as those of donor, government, and users. Essential reading for researchers and policy makers interested in development, NGO, social policy, political science, and child welfare studies.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Chapter one opens the book by setting the general context of NGOs in China, an authoritarian state and child welfare. It introduces the theme of the book, the politics of crafting accountability and legitimacy in NGOs in China, illustrated through the case of child welfare organisations. It clears the conceptual path by defining accountability and introduces our novel framework of analysis around second-order accountability and the accumulation of stocks of accountability capital. It outlines key research questions around how NGOs build accountability and legitimacy, the hierarchies of accountability this leads to and the politics of these processes. It explains why we choose China and child welfare groups to explore this. It describes the methods and structure of the book.
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Chapter 2. Setting the Theoretical Scene
Abstract
Chapter two sets out the theoretical and conceptual framework that informs the research and analysis of accountability and participation in child welfare organisations in China. It begins by providing a review of relevant literature on accountability and legitimacy, noting the predominance of research related to democratic states and to government—citizen relations. It then explores the existing literature, albeit limited, on accountability and legitimacy in authoritarian states. The chapter highlights and combines theories that address the multidimensional nature of accountability, theories that link accountability with participation, and theories that throw light on systemic biases against the marginalised, vulnerable and poor in accountability. The chapter locates the discussion of accountability within a broader theoretical framework around processes of institutional change in authoritarian contexts, notably China.
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Chapter 3. Welfare Reforms, Child Welfare NGOs, and Accountability
Abstract
Chapter three discusses the background of welfare reforms and NGO development in China. It hones in on the particular accountability issues facing NGOs in China, drawing attention to some of the key institutional and political constraints. This provides the context for a more detailed look at the particular situation of child welfare NGOs. We sketch the development of policies, laws and regulations governing child welfare NGOs, underlining some of the particular challenges in this field, providing contextual background to the subsequent case-study chapters.
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Chapter 4. Making Accountability—Liming Family
Abstract
Chapter four, the first of the four case-studies, examines the case of Liming Family, a religious-based, non-governmental child welfare organisation based in a rural county of Henan province. This case illustrates in depth the processes of making accountability to gain a national reputation, public trust and government confidence. Despite the difficulties of being a religious institution in a secular, authoritarian state, Liming Family was able to gain the confidence of local government and managed to operate for over thirty years without being able to register as a child welfare institution with the Civil Affairs Bureau. In 2013, it finally gained legal registration as a disability services organisation. The chapter draws attention to how it built a stock of accountability capital and how this shaped hierarchies of accountability.
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Chapter 5. Accountability and User Participation—The Case of Angel House
Abstract
Chapter five takes the case of Angel House, a well established NGO that was initiated by users, namely parents. It built its reputation and legitimacy by developing stocks of accountability capital. To this end it adopted various strategies such as developing its capacity and professionalism, allying professionally with other civil society organisations, and setting up its own mechanisms of internal governance, including accountability, to govern its affairs. During this period government policies on child welfare and social organisations changed several times. Its close relations with international donor organisations were a key factor in enabling it to develop its professional expertise and services. Although it was user-initiated, it had not yet extended the idea of user accountability downward to the children.
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Chapter 6. Changing Accountabilities—Children’s Hope Foundation
Abstract
Chapter six examines the case of Children’s Hope Foundation in Shandong province, and its complex relations with the semi-governmental Association B, from which it eventually separated to establish an independent non-governmental foundation. This process of separation provided an ideal lens through which to observe first, the process by which the organisation built a stock of accountability capital as a second-order form of accountability, and second, how Children’s Hope Foundation prioritised financial and organisational accountability over user accountability. It also illustrated well how changes in the external context and institution change in the state created opportunities for the organisation to become a foundation.
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Chapter 7. Accountability of a Mixed Child Welfare Organisation
Abstract
Chapter seven analyses the case of a state child welfare institution that changed from a state-funded institution to one financially linked to local and international organisations. The diversification of funding sources had implications for expanding their scope of accountability to a range of people and organisations. The case-study raises questions about managing competing accountabilities, prioritising certain dimensions of accountability and about how to take advantage of the potential additional legitimacy from these new accountability relationships. It illustrates how state-run institutions, too, are having to develop second-order accountability capital to extend their legitimacy beyond the state to other audiences. It also reveals how state institutions can come under particular political pressures as reflected in the reluctance of the organisation to be re-interviewed in the period since Xi Jinping came into office.
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Chapter 8. Conclusion
Abstract
Chapter eight brings together the key findings of the research, relating these back to the research questions laid out in the introduction. It considers the process of making accountability in child welfare organisations in China to enhance legitimacy and secure organisational survival. It analyses how this process shapes the multidimensionality of accountability and reinforces the power relations underpinning this, leading to certain types of accountability being prioritized over others. It reflects on how institutions change in the authoritarian context of China, and specifically how NGOs can capitalise on state institutional change to advance their own positions. The chapter discusses the generalisability of the research findings and reflects on the broader theoretical, methodological and policy implications. It finishes by outlining a path for future research.
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Erratum to: Welfare Reforms, Child Welfare NGOs, and Accountability
Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, Karen R. Fisher
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
NGOs and Accountability in China
verfasst von
Jude Howell
Xiaoyuan Shang
Karen R. Fisher
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-90221-0
Print ISBN
978-3-319-90220-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90221-0