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Erschienen in:
The Nordic Region (NORDEN) – History and the Present Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2.  Norden as the Region of Cooperation

verfasst von : Ryszard M. Czarny

Erschienen in: A Modern Nordic Saga : Politics, Economy and Society

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Cooperation of the Nordic Region states is a natural continuation of collaboration between those countries known for centuries. Noteworthy are multiple institutions that formalize the cooperation as well as the principles and areas of it, always keeping in mind that “cooperation of the Nordic countries and their inhabitants, as well as migrations of the population within the Nordic states are integral part of the shared history of these countries.”

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Nordic Region (NORDEN) – History and the Present
Nächstes Kapitel The Phenomenon of the Őresund Region
Fußnoten
1
See: T. Walat, M-4 z dzwonnicą, Polityka, November 16, 2011.
 
2
More on the subject in: B. Piotrowski, Integracja Skandynawii. Od Rady Nordyckiej do wspólnoty europejskiej, Poznań 2006, pp. 346–392.
 
3
See: Ch. Ketels, The Nordic Globalization Barometer 2011, www.​norden.​org (retrieved May 13, 2013).
 
4
Interesting thoughts are also to be found in B. Piotrowski, Tradycje jedności Skandynawii. Od mitu wikińskiego do idei nordyckiej, Poznań 2006; see also: www.​norden.​org/​avtal/​helsingfors/​sk/​3-2-2-hfors.​asp
 
5
More on the subject in Chap. 10.
 
6
The Nordic Council, established in 1952, is a sub-regional organization and a consulting forum for parliaments and governments of the Nordic countries and their autonomous territories. Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden are the founding states. Later on, it was joined by Finland (in 1955), Greenland (1984), the Åland and Faroe Islands (1970). Danish, Swedish and Norwegian are the working languages of the Council.
 
7
The Nordic Council’s headquarters are located in Copenhagen.
 
9
Other important documents regarding Nordic cooperation define, among others, the principles of a passport union and a common job market. The documents are dated to 1954.
 
10
The President of the Nordic Council is elected at the Ordinary Session in the autumn. The President-elect is a member from the country in which the next Ordinary Session will be held, see: http://​www.​norden.​org/​en/​nordic-council/​organisation-and-structure/​nordic-council-president/​about-the-nordic-council-president. Karin Åström has been elected President of the Nordic Council 2014, see: http://​www.​norden.​org/​en/​nordic-council/​organisation-and-structure/​nordic-council-president.
 
11
And additional, depending on the need.
 
12
Also prime ministers of Norway and Iceland participate in it.
 
13
Since 2007, these territories may participate in the joint work of the Nordic institutions on the conditions equal to member states. They also may obtain full membership in these institutions on the provisions of the Helsinki Treaty.
 
17
More on the subject: Vigour – Vitality. Programme for the Icelandic Presidency of the Nordic Council of Ministers 2014, http://​www.​norden.​org/​en/​publications/​publikationer/​2013-770.
 
18
For this purpose, among others, NORDEL was established. Nordel is an association for electricity co-operation in the Nordic countries while Nordic Energy Research is the funding institution for energy research under the Nordic Council of Ministers for Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.
 
19
States develop common positions and unanimously present them, for example, at the forum of the International Monetary Fund or the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD.
 
20
More on the subject: Grenseregional strategi 2009–2012, http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council-of-ministers/council-of-ministers/nordic-council-of-ministers-for-business-energy-regional-policy-mr-ner/strategy/grenseregional-strategi-2009--2012.
 
21
See also a very interesting material State of the Nordic Region 2013, Nordregio Report 2014:1, http://​www.​nordregio.​se/​Publications/​Publications-2014/​State-of-the-Nordic-Region-2013/​.
 
22
The guidelines are fully presented in: The International Nordic Region – Nordic Cooperation in a European Framework, www.​norden.​org/​pub/​sk/​showpub.​asp?​pubnr=​2005:​770.
 
23
Compare: B. Lindroth, Norden – en ny Vision. En redovisning av ett intervjuprojekt, Februari 2008, Föreningen Norden, Växjö 2008; see also: www.​norden.​norden.
 
24
See: H. Zettermark, M. Hägg, C. von Euler, The Baltic Room. Extending the Northern Wing of the European House. Strategic Yearbook 2001, Swedish National Defence College – a very interesting insight into the European security architecture and the possible implications for the Nordic-Baltic arena.
 
25
More on the subject in Chap. 13.
 
27
The latest meeting took place in Strasbourg, 16–17 December 2015. Cooperation in education and research, and economic cooperation in the Arctic, were among the topics on the agenda, http://​www.​arcticparl.​org/​.
 
28
The Eleventh Conference was held in the Whitehorse, Canada 9–11 September 2014.
 
29
The conference also includes Permanent Participants representing Indigenous peoples, as well as observers.
 
30
See also: O. S. Stokke, Nordic Council of Ministers’ Arctic Co-operation 2003–2005: An evaluation, ANP 2007:714, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2007, p. 21.
 
31
See: B7 0229/2014, Resolution of the European Parliament on the Strategy of the EU for the Arctic (2013/2595(RSP), 5.3.2014, http://​eur-lex.​europa.​eu/​legal-content/​PL/​TXT/​?​uri=​CELEX:​52011IP0024.
 
32
More on the subject in: R. S. Czarny, The Barents Cooperation: Progress in the Making, in: The Northern Spaces – Contemporary Issues (eds. R. M. Czarny, R. Kubicki, A. Janowska, R. S. Czarny), SCANDINAVIUM, Warszawa-Kielce 2012, pp. 45–64; also at: http://​www.​beac.​st/​in-English/​Barents-Euro-Arctic-Council.
 
33
For example, the Nordic Council of Ministers for the Environment (Nordiska ministerrådet för miljö (MR-M), where the Nordic international cooperation on environmental protection is realized.
 
35
See: Aftenposten, February 21, 2007.
 
36
Compare: J. Käppylä, H. Mikkola, The Global Arctic: The Growing Arctic Interests of Russia, China, the United States and the European Union, published August 13, 2013, http://​www.​fiia.​fi/​en/​publication/​347/​the_​global_​arctic/​.
 
37
See: Z. M. Doliwa-Klepacki, Integracja europejska, Temida 2, Białystok 1999.
 
38
See: P. Bonnén, M. Søsted, The Origin, Development and Perspectives of Nordic Co-operation in a New and Enlarged European Union; at: http://​www.​oezp.​at/​pdfs/​2003-1-02.​pdf; Norden – Making a Difference? Possibilities for enhanced Nordic cooperation in international affairs. The Norden 2020 project report, at: http://​www.​isn.​ethz.​ch/​Digital-Library/​Publications/​Detail/​?​ots591=​0c54e3b3-1e9c-b1e-2c24-a6a8c706023371ng​=​en&​id=​130407.
 
39
Working together with other subjects in the field of legislation, the Nordic Council may exert parliamentary influence within the EU.
 
40
More on the subject in: I. Śmigerska-Belczak, Współpraca w regionie Morza Bałtyckiego. Rada Państw Morza Bałtyckiego, http://​kolegia.​sgh.​waw.​pl/​pl/​KES/​kwartalnik/​archiwum/​Documents/​ISmigerska-Belczak9.​pdf.
 
42
See also: A. Nowacka-Isaksson, K. Zuchowicz, Unia nordycka: sen czy jawa, 29-10-2009, http://​www.​rp.​pl/​galeria/​69986,2,384469.​html#bigImage.
 
43
The population of Norden in 2015 would amount to over 26 million.
 
44
The Nordics supported Iceland’s request for a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and made a joint decision to complement it by 2.5 billion USD, and NCM offered additional 14 million DKK.
 
45
See also: B. Piotrowski, Tradycje jedności Skandynawii. Od mitu wikińskiego do idei nordyckiej, and www.​norden.​org/​avtal/​helsingfors/​sk/​3-2-2-hfors.​asp
 
46
See also T. Skytesvall, H.-O. Hagen, Growth in the Nordic Business Sector.
 
47
See: Höga ambitioner för miljön – nordisk och internationellt, Fakta om nordisk samarbete, “Norden,” www.​norden.​org/​pub/​sk
 
48
See also: D. Rossa-Kilian, Region Morza Bałtyckiego obszarem rozwoju i współpracy – w świetle dokumentów, Toruń 2007, pp. 227–245.
 
49
One of the most interesting organizations of this kind is Föreningen Norden led by Kristina Persson.
 
50
See, for example, S. Zahidi, What Makes the Nordic Countries Gender Equality Winners? http://​www.​huffingtonpost.​com/​saadia-zahidi/​what-makes-the-nordic-cou_​b_​4159555.​html.
 
51
In the original: “Vi, de nordiska statsministrarna, bekräftar åter det starka samarbete som finns mellan våra länder. Det nordiska samarbetet har en lång tradition och har gett viktiga resultat på många områden, både inom Nordiska ministerrådets formella ramar och inom vårt informella samarbete.” Statsministrarnas toppmöte: Norden kan påverka mer, http://​www.​norden.​org/​sv/​aktuellt/​nyheter/​statsministrarna​s-toppmoete-norden-kan-paaverka-mer.
 
52
In the original: “När vi står enade är vi i en starkare position för att ta itu med klimatförändringarna, däribland Arktis, och för att ge politiska impulser till den europeiska arenan när det gäller andra stora politiska utmaningar i vår tid, såsom ekonomisk tillväxt, välfärdsfrågor, utbildning och hållbar energiproduktion och energiförsörjning.” http://​www.​norden.​org/​sv/​aktuellt/​nyheter/​statsministrarna​s-toppmoete-norden-kan-paaverka-mer.
 
53
In the original: “Statsministrarnas uttryckliga tillit till vårt arbete med att stärka och vitalisera det nordiska samarbetets förmåga att spela en ännu större politisk roll både i Norden, Europa och resten av världen, är självklart glädjande och ger oss ytterligare kraft att bidra till ett starkare Norden.” http://​www.​norden.​org/​sv/​aktuellt/​nyheter/​statsministrarna​s-toppmoete-norden-kan-paaverka-mer
 
Literatur
Czarny, R. S. (2012). The Barents cooperation: Progress in the making. In R. M. Czarny, R. Kubicki, A. Janowska, & R. S. Czarny (Eds.), The Northern spaces – contemporary issues. Warszawa-Kielce: Scandinavium.
Doliwa-Klepacki, Z. M. (1999). Integracja europejska. Białystok: Temida 2.
Lindroth B. (2008). Norden – en ny Vision. En redovisning av ett intervjuprojekt, Februari 2008. Växjö: Föreningen Norden.
Nordiskt regionalpolitiskt samarbetsprogram 2009–2012. Nordiska Ministerrådet, Köpenhamn 2009.
Piotrowski, B. (2006a). Integracja Skandynawii.Od Rady Nardyckiej do wspólnoty europejskiej. Poznań: Wydaw. Naukowe UAM.
Piotrowski, B. (2006b). Tradycje jedności Skandynawii. Od mitu wikińskiego do idei nordyckiej. Poznań: Wydaw. Naukowe UAM.
Sektor program. Kultur, medier och idrott. (2007). Sveriges ordförandeskop i Nordiska ministerrådet 2008. Köpenham: Nordisk ministerrådet.
Skytesvall, T., & Hagen, H. O. (2008). Growth in the Nordic business sector, TemaNord 2008:503. Copenhagen: Nordic Council.
Stokke, O. S. (2007). Nordic Council of Ministers’ Arctic Co-operation 2003–2005: An evaluation (ANP 2007:714). Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.
Strand, K. (2006). Rapid changes in the Arctic. Results book of the Nordic Arctic Research Programme (NARP) (TemaNord 2006:568). Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.
The Arctic needs climate first aid! Norden – the top of Europe. (2012, March 27). Retrieved April 19, 2012, from www.​norden.​org
Traktat Współpracy Pomiędzy Danią, Finlandią, Islandią, Norwegia i Szwecją (Traktat Helsiński). (2007). In D. Rossa-Kilian (Ed.), Region Morza Bałtyckiego obszarem rozwoju i współpracy – w świetle dokumentów. Toruń: Wydaw. Adam Marszałek.
Walat, T. (2011, November 16). M-4 z dzwonnicą. Polityka.
Zettermark, H., Hägg, M., & von Euler, C. (2001). The Baltic room. Extending the Northern Wing of the European House. Strategic Yearbook 2001. Stockholm: Swedish National Defence College.
Zygierewicz, A. (2005). Współpraca państw nordyckich (p. 1115). Warszawa: Biuro Studiów i Ekspertyz, Kancelaria Sejmu RP.
Metadaten
Titel
Norden as the Region of Cooperation
verfasst von
Ryszard M. Czarny
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Buch
A Modern Nordic Saga : Politics, Economy and Society

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42362-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-42363-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42363-0_2