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2014 | Buch

Offshore Risk Assessment vol 2.

Principles, Modelling and Applications of QRA Studies

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Über dieses Buch

Offshore Risk Assessment was the first book to deal with quantified risk assessment (QRA) as applied specifically to offshore installations and operations. Risk assessment techniques have been used for more than three decades in the offshore oil and gas industry, and their use is set to expand increasingly as the industry moves into new areas and faces new challenges in older regions.

This updated and expanded third edition has been informed by a major R&D program on offshore risk assessment in Norway and summarizes research from 2006 to the present day. Rooted with a thorough discussion of risk metrics and risk analysis methodology, subsequent chapters are devoted to analytical approaches to escalation, escape, evacuation and rescue analysis of safety and emergency systems.

Separate chapters analyze the main hazards of offshore structures: fire, explosion, collision, and falling objects as well as structural and marine hazards. Risk mitigation and control are discussed, as well as an illustration of how the results from quantitative risk assessment studies should be presented. The third second edition has a stronger focus on the use of risk assessment techniques in the operation of offshore installations. Also decommissioning of installations is covered.

Not only does Offshore Risk Assessment describe the state of the art of QRA, it also identifies weaknesses and areas that need further development. This new edition also illustrates applications or quantitative risk analysis methodology to offshore petroleum applications.

A comprehensive reference for academics and students of marine/offshore risk assessment and management, the book should also be owned by professionals in the industry, contractors, suppliers, consultants and regulatory authorities.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Risk Analysis, Presentation and Evaluation Process

Frontmatter
Chapter 14. Methodology for Quantified Risk Assessment
Abstract
Although risk may be assessed in both a qualitative and quantitative way, this book primarily deals with quantitative methods. Thus qualitative risk assessment and safety review methods are not covered explicitly in this chapter, which provides a brief overview of the methodology for QRA with the main emphasis on the main steps. Further details are presented in the following chapters.
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Chapter 15. Analysis Techniques
Abstract
Chapter 14 has presented an overview of all the steps involved in performing a QRA. This chapter is devoted to the main analysis techniques that may be used. Hazard identification, analysis of causes, frequencies and dependencies as well as accident sequences are covered. Leak modelling and ignition modelling as well as escalation modelling are also main topics of this chapter.
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Chapter 16. Presentation of Risk Results from QRA Studies
Abstract
One of the requirements for presentation of risk results is that a comprehensive overview of the risk picture shall be given, together with a detailed insight into conditions and vulnerabilities. These are relatively vague requirements, and it is probably not clear what is implied. This chapter attempts to fill that gap, and to illustrate how the risk picture on an installation may be presented. Only fatality risk to personnel is considered for an FPSO concept with hypothetical results. Only fatalities on the installation are included. The emphasis is on presentation of risk. Any reference to risk tolerance criteria is therefore omitted.
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Chapter 17. Evaluation of Personnel Risk Levels
Abstract
This chapter provides an insight into current fatality risk levels for personnel, as a background for the evaluation of risk results, including the formulation of risk tolerance (or acceptance) criteria for personnel risk. An overview is presented of the components of fatality risk levels for personnel, and possible fatalities in the future are predicted. There has been extensive debate about evacuation means (i.e. lifeboats) in the Norwegian sector for some years. It is therefore essential to form an opinion about the frequency of major accidents and the need for evacuation by seaborne resources. Finally, the chapter considers how risk tolerance criteria for personnel may be expressed.
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Chapter 18. Environmental Risk Analysis
Abstract
Norway is the only country that has requirements for environmental risk analysis and has had these for more than 10 years. This may change over time because of several recent oil spills, of which Macondo is by far the largest. This chapter provides an overview of the environmental spill risk and presents the regulatory requirements. The risk analysis methodology is presented, with focus on the MIRA approach. The presentation of environmental risk is discussed in detail, and needs for improvements are identified. The text in this chapter is to some extent based on Vinnem (1997) and Vinnem et al. (2011).
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Chapter 19. Approach to Risk Based Design
Abstract
Challenges for risk based design are introduced, followed by regulatory requirements. The use of risk analysis in risk based design is discussed for topside systems, structural and passive systems, as well as a brief reference to Safety Integrity Levels.
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Chapter 20. Risk Based Emergency Response Planning
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the use of risk analysis as an input into emergency response planning, as part of the area-based emergency response planning for established areas in the Norwegian sector. Most attention is devoted to the determination of the required rescue capacity of personnel in the sea, in liferafts and injured personnel in lifeboats. In addition, the requirements for external firefighting capacity, the rescue of personnel after helicopter accidents and assistance to seriously injured and sick persons are briefly discussed. The benefits of area-based emergency response arrangements are also outlined.
Jan-Erik Vinnem

Risk Assessment and Monitoring in Operations Phase

Frontmatter
Chapter 21. Use of Risk Analysis During the Operations Phase
Abstract
Quantitative risk analysis was for a long time used mainly for the design phase and for extensive modifications. If the analysis was carried out in the operations phase, it was conducted in a way corresponding to use in the design phase, without reflecting the vast differences between design and operation from a HES (or strictly speaking major hazard risk) management point of view. The use of QRA in the operations phase has increased in the last ten to fifteen years. It is now conducted in different ways, in order to reflect the important differences from a management point of view. Several aspects in this connection are discussed in this chapter including updating of QRA studies, operational improvements, barrier improvements, and analysis of maintenance and modifications. The main use of risk evaluations in the operations phase is for qualitative evaluations, as review and work preparation tools. This is also briefly considered.
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Chapter 22. Use of Risk Indicators for Major Hazard Risk
Abstract
This chapter starts with a general discussion on the indicators of major hazard risk, followed by a discussion of the Risk Level project by PSA in Norway and the lessons learned from this project with respect to major hazard risk indicators. The final part discusses how major hazard risk indicators should be used by individual companies and installations, in order to control major hazard risk.
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Chapter 23. Barrier Management for Major Hazard Risk
Abstract
In this chapter the barrier concepts and philosophy of barrier management are explained, based upon authority requirements and expectations. The way to establish barrier strategies is then discussed, followed by a discussion of the management of barriers in the operations phase. Some examples and challenges are also described.
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Offshore Risk Assessment vol 2.
verfasst von
Jan-Erik Vinnem
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer London
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4471-5213-2
Print ISBN
978-1-4471-5212-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5213-2

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