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Human Rights Review

Erschienen in:

12.02.2019

On Solid Ground: Evaluating the Effects of Foundational Arguments on Human Rights Attitudes

verfasst von: Stephen Arves, Joseph Braun

Erschienen in: Human Rights Review | Ausgabe 2/2019

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Abstract

What makes some human rights campaigns for the physical integrity rights of prisoners more effective than others? Despite various normative arguments condemning these practices, only limited systematic analysis documents the relative effectiveness of different arguments on individuals. This is surprising, because the success of human rights campaigns depends on getting individuals to care about and support policy positions that protect human rights. We constructed an experiment to compare the effects of six different arguments against prisoner abuse and torture. We found that an argument which emphasized the suffering of the prisoner had a consistently positive and significant effect on opposition to torture and prisoner abuse. However, this effect was largely contingent on subjects’ political ideology. Political conservatives actually became less opposed to torture, on average, after reading the same argument emphasizing the prisoners’ suffering or the sacredness of human beings.

Vorheriger Artikel Asian Civil Society and Reconfiguration of Refugee Protection in Asia

Nächster Artikel Transnational Violence Against Asylum-Seeking Women and Children: Honduras and the United States-Mexico Border

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“Framing effects” happen “when (often small) changes in the presentation of an issue or an event produce (sometimes large) changes of opinions” (Chong and Druckman 2007, 104)

Alternatively, others argue that foundational arguments should be set aside (Ignatieff 2001).

Some suggest that different foundations can be useful for some individuals but not others. For example, Hollinger (2001) argues that religious individuals can and should rely on religious foundations and that secular people can and should rely on secular human rights foundations.

Other human rights experimental designs utilize control groups that do not receive any experimental stimulus (McEntire et al. 2015).

Recent intelligence shows that torture is an ineffective method of interrogation to uncover accurate intelligence (Costanzo and Gerrity 2009). Nonetheless, many Americans still believe that torture is justified and does result in credible and important information (Pew Research Center 2014).

The full experimental treatments are on file with the authors.

We thank one anonymous reviewer for mentioning the possible disconnection between a policy leader and a concept such as sacredness. We contend that it is common for political leaders and policy experts in the USA (and elsewhere) to invoke religious language when making arguments to the public. Relatedly, religious elites from religious organizations (who can also be policy experts) publicly disseminate messages that may have political implications. Examples include the US Constitution drawing from both Protestant ethics and enlightenment philosophy that liberation theology greatly influenced human rights causes in South Africa, and the Second Vatican Council’s contributions to the fall of communism (Ibrahim 2015).

Restricted models without these controls are substantively consistent with the models presented in Table 2.

Predicted probabilities for all models were calculated by holding dichotomous variables (ideology, gender) at their modes and holding ordered categorical variables (age, religiosity) at their median values.

Predicted values for each experimental group were estimated from Appendix Table 4, Model 2A.

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Titel: On Solid Ground: Evaluating the Effects of Foundational Arguments on Human Rights Attitudes
verfasst von: Stephen Arves
Joseph Braun
Publikationsdatum: 12.02.2019
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Human Rights Review / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1524-8879
Elektronische ISSN: 1874-6306
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-019-0545-7

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