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Erschienen in:
Global Implications of U.S. Trade Policies for Reducing Structural Trade Imbalances Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

On the Sources of Political Discontent in Europe

verfasst von : David Freyr Bjornsson, Gylfi Zoega

Erschienen in: Getting Globalization Right

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

We explore the pattern and sources of discontent when it comes to both the European Union and national governments in Europe in 2006 and 2014. We find that dissatisfaction with the state of the economy primarily affects the level of dissatisfaction with national governments, while unemployment and fear of immigration affects attitudes towards further European integration in 2014.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Global Macroeconomic Effects of Exiting from Unconventional Monetary Policy
Nächstes Kapitel Land, Housing, Growth and Inequality
Anhänge
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Fußnoten
1
For a review of the literature on populism, see Mudde and Katwesser (2017).
 
2
A Special Eurobarometer survey that was conducted in 2016 in the 28 Member States of the European Union gives an indication of how respondents perceive the EU. When asked about what they perceive to be the main assets of the European Union, respondents were most likely to mention its economic, industrial, and trading power and its respect for human rights, democracy, and the rule of law (both 33%). The main challenges for the EU were perceived to be unemployment (45%), social inequalities, migration issues (both 36%), and terrorism and security issues (31%).
 
3
See many statements by Donald Trump on NAFTA.
 
4
Belgium (be), Denmark (de), Estonia (est), Finland (fi), France (fr), Germany (ge), Hungary (hu), Ireland (ir), the Netherlands (ne), Poland (pol), Portugal (po), Slovenia (slo), Spain (sp), Sweden (sw), and the UK (uk).
 
6
See Table 6 on the definition of variables.
 
7
These individuals may have memories of their countries being outside the European Union and may be more culturally conservative.
 
8
We include both variables because each measures the share of respondents with the most extreme views opposing or favoring immigration.
 
9
There are nine exceptions where GDP has fallen; they are in Spain, Portugal, and the UK. Those in the UK are the North East, Yorkshire and Humberside, the West Midlands, the East of England, and Northern Ireland. The first for voted for Brexit in the June referendum.
 
10
The share of respondents who are opposed to the immigration from poor countries outside the European Union did not have a significant effect on the dependent variable and was omitted from Table 4.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
On the Sources of Political Discontent in Europe
verfasst von
David Freyr Bjornsson
Gylfi Zoega
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
Getting Globalization Right

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97691-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-97692-1

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97692-1_5