Open Justice in the Digital Age

The Relationship Between Justice and Media in Europe

verfasst von: Philippe Jougleux

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

Buchreihe : Law, Governance and Technology Series

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Über dieses Buch

Dieses Buch diskutiert das Prinzip der offenen Justiz mit einem Schwerpunkt auf dem Mechanismus der Videoübertragung von Gerichtsverfahren. Das Prinzip der offenen Justiz ist multidimensional und umfasst sowohl das Menschenrecht auf ein faires Verfahren als auch die Meinungsfreiheit. Das Buch unterscheidet zwischen drei Komponenten der offenen Justiz: öffentliche Anhörungen, Medienberichterstattung über Verfahren und Veröffentlichung von Urteilen. Alle drei waren und / oder könnten erheblich von der digitalen Revolution betroffen sein: Öffentliche Anhörungen könnten von Videostreaming, der Medienberichterstattung in den sozialen Medien und der Veröffentlichung von Urteilen aus Online-Datenbanken profitieren. Das Buch analysiert die jüngsten Fortschritte und Herausforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Digitalisierung der offenen Justiz. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der einschlägigen Rechtsprechung europäischer Gerichte, den Auswirkungen der DSGVO mit Schwerpunkt auf dem sensiblen Thema pseudonymisierender Urteile und einem Vergleich verschiedener nationaler Praktiken. Obwohl der Schwerpunkt des Buches auf europäischem Recht liegt, wird es auch für Wissenschaftler aus anderen Kontinenten interessant sein, entweder zum Zwecke vergleichender Forschung oder weil das Thema selbst Fragen der allgemeinen Rechtstheorie berührt.

Mit KI übersetzt

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction to Open Justice in the Digital Age

Abstract

This introductive chapter highlights the need for research in the field of open justice. It provides a conceptual approach on the notion and explain the methodology applied in this book. Then, it summarily describes the book’s content, chapter by chapter.

Philippe Jougleux

Chapter 2. Presenting the Concept of Openness in the Administration of Justice

Abstract

This chapter focuses specifically on the coverage of court proceedings over the years. The concept of open justice precedes the digital revolution but, in Europe at least, the relationship between the justice system and the media has always been ambiguous. There were legal objections to the intrusion of cameras in the courtroom, effectively turning the press into the public’s “eyes” in court. Nevertheless, the digital revolution completely disrupted this fragile equilibrium in three ways: firstly (and obviously), it entailed the rise of streaming technology as a new medium of communication; secondly, the advent of digital communication was associated with a certain decline of the press and its financial difficulty in assuming its traditional role of court coverage; and finally, the shift of mentality related to “internet centrism” requires more transparency and questions the status quo regarding the transparency of administration of justice. While most consideration is given nowadays to e-justice mechanisms, digitalization of open justice demands, therefore, more attention.

Philippe Jougleux

Chapter 3. The Rise of the Legal Principle of Open Justice in Europe

Abstract

This chapter deals with the definition of open justice in Europe. While the term itself is seldom used in continental Europe, being mostly used in common law countries, the adoption in this book of a single, overreaching, notion of open justice, posed as a principle, corresponds to an holistic approach of the relationship between the administration of justice and the public. The chapter attempts to define the concept that encompasses what is described as direct, indirect, and complementary open justice principles. It then focuses on the justifications, both theoretical and practical, of the principle, and describes how the principle has shaped various laws at the EU level.

Philippe Jougleux

Chapter 4. The Imperative of Open Justice from a Human Rights Perspective

Abstract

This chapter analyzes the principle of open justice from the perspective of human rights, and specifically through the lens of Article 6 (fair trial) and Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). It finds that the rich body of case-law at the ECtHR level has shown a constant evolution on this topic. It concludes with the synthetic and hybrid nature of the principle of open justice, which is acknowledged protection under both the right to a fair trial and the right to be informed. The chapter also looks at the question from the perspective of Article 47(2) of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, as interpreted by the ECJ through its own jurisprudence on the question.

Philippe Jougleux

Chapter 5. The Conflicting Relationship of Open Justice with the GDPR

Abstract

This chapter provides an analysis of the thorny relationship between the principle of open justice, and privacy and data protection laws. It points out that the judiciary does not escape the application of the General Regulation on Personal Data (GDPR), even if some specific derogations were enacted so as to take into consideration the particularity of the judiciary’s mission and its independence. Nevertheless, compliance with the privacy data regulation does not mean that the GDPR opposes the necessary transparency of the administration of justice absolutely, and consequently a compromise with the principle of open justice has to be found. The chapter, therefore, presents mechanisms allowing this compromise, with an emphasis on the techniques of anonymization and pseudonymization of judgments during their publication. Furthermore, the digitalization of justice also raises the issues of the protection of image rights and the right to be forgotten.

Philippe Jougleux

Chapter 6. The Limitations and Exceptions to Open Justice

Abstract

This chapter discusses the statutory limitations and exceptions to open justice. The limitations are set by Article 6 of the ECHR, which allows for in camera proceedings and/or the adoption of protective measures against media coverage for reasons of national security, protection of children, privacy protection, or where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice. Through extensive recourse to the relevant case-law from the ECtHR, this chapter highlights the omnipresent use of the principle of proportionality in the assertion of the legitimacy of limitations to open justice.

Philippe Jougleux

Chapter 7. A Comparative Approach to Open Justice Policies in Europe

Abstract

This chapter proposes a comparative approach to open justice policies as developed in the United Kingdom (UK), France, and the European Institutions. The chapter will focus on the challenges faced by the judicial authorities in regulating new communication technologies and the policies adopted to integrate them into the functioning of justice. The comparative study of the situations in England and France will show considerable differences at the national level in the enforcement of the principles of open justice, as these two countries have adopted diametrically opposite models. Even at the EU level, a clear tension can be perceived between the proponents of more transparency and the resistance of the judicial sector.

Philippe Jougleux

Chapter 8. Justice and Social Media

Abstract

This chapter deals with the influence of social media on open justice. First, social media create new kinds of relationships, such as Facebook “friendships” and the legal issue here is whether the existence of such a relationship between the various protagonists of court proceedings affects the impartiality of justice. Second, social media provide a direct means of communication, a potential way for justice to explain its functioning and legal reasoning, and to justify its conclusions. However, the potential dangers of this tool should not be underestimated and its use should be examined through the jurisprudence relating to restrictions on a judge’s freedom of expression. Finally, the role of social media within the context of remote access to recordings is discussed, with an emphasis on the administrative law’s obstacles that it entails.

Philippe Jougleux

Chapter 9. Conclusion

Abstract

This conclusive chapter focuses on the tension between publicity and privacy analyzed in the previous chapters. First, it summarizes the findings of the previous chapters; second, it discusses practical solutions, and third, operates a general conclusion on the need of digitalization of the principle of open justice in Europe. It argues that a strong political signal must be sent to revitalise the principle of open justice in the digital age. Specifically, online broadcasting of court proceedings would provide an effective solution, while safeguarding privacy data legislation and human rights. This signal, however, must be accompanied by a paradigm shift from the professionals of justice, which should move from the fear of the “media circus” to acceptance of social media’s central role in modern society.

Philippe Jougleux

Titel: Open Justice in the Digital Age
verfasst von: Philippe Jougleux
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-61436-1
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-61435-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61436-1