Skip to main content

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Opening the Door to Opportunities: How to Design CR Strategies that Optimize Impact for Business and Society

verfasst von : Michael Fürst

Erschienen in: Sustainable Entrepreneurship

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Historically, activities dealing with these topics – often “bundled” under the term Corporate Responsibility (CR) – had a strong focus on philanthropy that can create social impact if conceptualized with a strategic view but have genuine problems in terms of scalability and replicability. Based on these limitations the genuine entrepreneurial activity understood as a mechanism to create new, sustainable business models through the transformation of societal challenges into innovative and sustainable services needs to be emphasized and specifically addressed in a strategic approach to CR. Therefore, as this is increasingly understood, the trendlines are pointing in the direction of focusing more strongly on activities that are aligning social and commercial ambition and can result in large-scale responsibility engagement, without ignoring philanthropy or zero profit initiatives if such kind of interventions contribute to solving societal challenges. Strategic CR should therefore aim to operate with a portfolio of tailored activities, comprising philanthropic initiatives, zero profit, social business or lower margin business models that are all closely linked to a company’s strategy and core competencies and are operated through a strong ethical governance.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The work of Peter Drucker may serve here as an important reference. Of a more current date see the short but instructive remarks of Heracleous et al. in Harvard Business Review that is titled “The myth of shareholder capitalism”.
 
2
We will not dive into detail in regards to explaining (the sometimes subtle) differences of these terms and will just refer to the term Corporate Responsibility in this article.
 
3
See also the work of Peter Drucker: “[…] profitability is not the purpose of, but a limiting factor on business enterprise and business activity. Profit is not the explanation, cause or rationale of business behavior and business decisions, but rather the test of their validity.” Drucker 1973, p. 60.See Drucker 2001a; Drucker 2001b, p. 18.
 
4
As an example may serve the pharmaceutical industry in which biotechs of smaller size are frequently perceived as the core cell of innovation. Similarly the electronics industry where a comparably smaller company such as Apple was driving technological innovation and shaped consumer behavior.
 
5
See here the very lucid analysis in Drucker 2001c or Christensen et al. 2006. One can see here very clearly the linkage points to the differentiation between entrepreneur and bureaucratic manager as laid out by Stevenson.
 
6
Novartis follows the approach of having a targeted CR portfolio where philanthropic activities are mainly driven by the Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development and comprises zero profit activities such as the Novartis Malaria Initiative which has provided 600 million anti-malarial treatments since 2001 (http://​malaria.​novartis.​com/​downloads/​malaria-initiative/​factsheet- malaria-initiative.​pdf), April 2013. Novartis has also founded a social business group which is responsible for managing country-specific social business activities such as ArogyaParivar.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Attaran, A. (2004). How do patents and economic policies affect access to essential medicines in developing countries? Health Affairs, 23(3), 155–166.CrossRef Attaran, A. (2004). How do patents and economic policies affect access to essential medicines in developing countries? Health Affairs, 23(3), 155–166.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Austin, J., Reficco, E. (2009). Corporate social entrepreneurship. Harvard Business School, Working Paper 09–101. Austin, J., Reficco, E. (2009). Corporate social entrepreneurship. Harvard Business School, Working Paper 09–101.
Zurück zum Zitat Barnard, C. I. (1938/1964). The functions of the executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Barnard, C. I. (1938/1964). The functions of the executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen, C. M., & Raynor, M. E. (2003). The innovator’s solution. Creating and sustaining successful growth. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Christensen, C. M., & Raynor, M. E. (2003). The innovator’s solution. Creating and sustaining successful growth. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen, C. M., Baumann, H., Ruggles, R., & Sadtler, T. M. (2006). Disruptive innovation for social change. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 94–101. Christensen, C. M., Baumann, H., Ruggles, R., & Sadtler, T. M. (2006). Disruptive innovation for social change. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 94–101.
Zurück zum Zitat Coase, R. (2012, December). Saving economics from the economists. Harvard Business Review, 90(12), 36. Coase, R. (2012, December). Saving economics from the economists. Harvard Business Review, 90(12), 36.
Zurück zum Zitat Covin, J. G., & Morgan, P. M. (1999). Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(3), 47–63. Covin, J. G., & Morgan, P. M. (1999). Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(3), 47–63.
Zurück zum Zitat Denzau, A. T., & North, D. C. (1994). Shared mental models: Ideologies and institution. Kyklos, 47, 3–31. Jg.CrossRef Denzau, A. T., & North, D. C. (1994). Shared mental models: Ideologies and institution. Kyklos, 47, 3–31. Jg.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Douglas, M., & Wildavsky, A. (1982). Risk and culture. An essay on the selection of technological and environmental dangers. Berkeley: University of California Press. Douglas, M., & Wildavsky, A. (1982). Risk and culture. An essay on the selection of technological and environmental dangers. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Drucker, P. (1973). Management: Tasks, responsibilities and practices. New York: Harper Paperbacks. Drucker, P. (1973). Management: Tasks, responsibilities and practices. New York: Harper Paperbacks.
Zurück zum Zitat Drucker, P. (2001a). Social impacts and social problems. In P. Drucker (Ed.), The essential Drucker. New York: Harper Collins. Drucker, P. (2001a). Social impacts and social problems. In P. Drucker (Ed.), The essential Drucker. New York: Harper Collins.
Zurück zum Zitat Drucker, P. (2001b). The purpose and objectives of a business. In P. Drucker (Ed.), The essential Drucker. New York: Harper Collins. Drucker, P. (2001b). The purpose and objectives of a business. In P. Drucker (Ed.), The essential Drucker. New York: Harper Collins.
Zurück zum Zitat Drucker, P. (2001c). The entrepreneurial business. In P. Drucker (Ed.), The essential Drucker. New York: Harper Collins. Drucker, P. (2001c). The entrepreneurial business. In P. Drucker (Ed.), The essential Drucker. New York: Harper Collins.
Zurück zum Zitat Fürst, M. (2005). Risiko-Governance. Die Wahrnehmung und Steuerung moralökonomischer Risiken. Marburg: Metropolis. Fürst, M. (2005). Risiko-Governance. Die Wahrnehmung und Steuerung moralökonomischer Risiken. Marburg: Metropolis.
Zurück zum Zitat Fürst, M., & Schotter, A. (2013). Strategic integrity management as a dynamic capability. In: Wilkinson, T. (Ed.), strategic management in the 21st century. St. Barbara: Praeger Publishers Forthcoming. Fürst, M., & Schotter, A. (2013). Strategic integrity management as a dynamic capability. In: Wilkinson, T. (Ed.), strategic management in the 21st century. St. Barbara: Praeger Publishers Forthcoming.
Zurück zum Zitat Hammond, A. L., Kramer, W. J., Katz, R. S., Tran, J. T., & Walker, C. (2007). The next 4 Billion. Market size and business strategy at the base of the pyramid. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute and International Finance Corporation. Hammond, A. L., Kramer, W. J., Katz, R. S., Tran, J. T., & Walker, C. (2007). The next 4 Billion. Market size and business strategy at the base of the pyramid. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute and International Finance Corporation.
Zurück zum Zitat Heracleous, L., & Lan, L. L. (2010, April). Harvard Business Review, 88(4), 24. Heracleous, L., & Lan, L. L. (2010, April). Harvard Business Review, 88(4), 24.
Zurück zum Zitat Isaac, R. M., Mathieu, D., & Zajac, Z. (1991). Institutional framing and perceptions of fairness. Constitutional Political Economy, 2, 329–370.CrossRef Isaac, R. M., Mathieu, D., & Zajac, Z. (1991). Institutional framing and perceptions of fairness. Constitutional Political Economy, 2, 329–370.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Japp, K. P. (1996). SoziologischeRisikotheorie. Funktionale Differenzierung, Politisierung und Reflexion. Weinheim/München: Juventa-Verlag. Japp, K. P. (1996). SoziologischeRisikotheorie. Funktionale Differenzierung, Politisierung und Reflexion. Weinheim/München: Juventa-Verlag.
Zurück zum Zitat Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C. K., & Rangaswami, M.R. (2009, September). Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 87(9), 56–64. Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C. K., & Rangaswami, M.R. (2009, September). Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 87(9), 56–64.
Zurück zum Zitat Obrist, B., Iteba, N., Lengeler, C., Makemba, A., Mshana, C., Nathan, R., et al. (2007). Access to health care in contexts of livelihood insecurity: A framework for analysis and action. PLoS Medicine, 4, 1584–1588.CrossRef Obrist, B., Iteba, N., Lengeler, C., Makemba, A., Mshana, C., Nathan, R., et al. (2007). Access to health care in contexts of livelihood insecurity: A framework for analysis and action. PLoS Medicine, 4, 1584–1588.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Porter, M., & Kramer, M. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62–77. Porter, M., & Kramer, M. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62–77.
Zurück zum Zitat Prahalad, C. K. (2004). Fortune at the bottom of the pyramid: Eradicating poverty through profits. Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing. Prahalad, C. K. (2004). Fortune at the bottom of the pyramid: Eradicating poverty through profits. Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing.
Zurück zum Zitat Prahalad, C. K., & Hammond, A. (2002). Serving the world’s poor, profitably. Harvard Business Review, 80(9), 48–58. Prahalad, C. K., & Hammond, A. (2002). Serving the world’s poor, profitably. Harvard Business Review, 80(9), 48–58.
Zurück zum Zitat Rangan, V. K., Chu, M., & Petkoski, D. (2011). Segmenting the base of the pyramid. Harvard Business Review, 89(6), 113–117. Rangan, V. K., Chu, M., & Petkoski, D. (2011). Segmenting the base of the pyramid. Harvard Business Review, 89(6), 113–117.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlicht, E. (2008). Consistency in organizations. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE, 164(4), 612–623.CrossRef Schlicht, E. (2008). Consistency in organizations. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE, 164(4), 612–623.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schumpeter, J. A. (1912/2006). Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Berlin: Dunker & Humblot. Schumpeter, J. A. (1912/2006). Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Berlin: Dunker & Humblot.
Zurück zum Zitat Schumpeter, J. A. (1943). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. London: Unwin University Books. Schumpeter, J. A. (1943). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. London: Unwin University Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevenson, H. H. (2006). A perspective on entrepreneurship. Harvard Business School, Case Study 9-384-13 (revised from original 1983 version). Stevenson, H. H. (2006). A perspective on entrepreneurship. Harvard Business School, Case Study 9-384-13 (revised from original 1983 version).
Zurück zum Zitat Stevenson, H. H., & Jarillo, J. C. (1990). A perspective of entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial management. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 17–27. Stevenson, H. H., & Jarillo, J. C. (1990). A perspective of entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial management. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 17–27.
Zurück zum Zitat Stolz, I., Fürst, M., & Mundle, D. (2012). Beyond volunteerism! Real world learning to foster responsible leadership, serve patients and develop innovative solutions to healthcare challenges. In: T. Wehner, & G. C. Gentile (Eds.), Corporate Volunteering: Unternehmen im Spannungsfeld von Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (AT). GablerVerlag. Stolz, I., Fürst, M., & Mundle, D. (2012). Beyond volunteerism! Real world learning to foster responsible leadership, serve patients and develop innovative solutions to healthcare challenges. In: T. Wehner, & G. C. Gentile (Eds.), Corporate Volunteering: Unternehmen im Spannungsfeld von Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (AT). GablerVerlag.
Zurück zum Zitat Vekataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research. In J. Katz (Ed.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth (Vol. III, pp. 119–138). Greenwich: JAI Press. Vekataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research. In J. Katz (Ed.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth (Vol. III, pp. 119–138). Greenwich: JAI Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Weick, K. E., & Roberts, C. (1993). Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on flight decks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 357–381. Weick, K. E., & Roberts, C. (1993). Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on flight decks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 357–381.
Zurück zum Zitat Weick, K. E., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2003). Das Unerwartete managen. Wie Unternehmen aus Extremsituationen lernen. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta. Weick, K. E., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2003). Das Unerwartete managen. Wie Unternehmen aus Extremsituationen lernen. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
Zurück zum Zitat Wieland, J. (1996). Ökonomische Organisation, Allokation und Status. Tübingen: Mohr. Wieland, J. (1996). Ökonomische Organisation, Allokation und Status. Tübingen: Mohr.
Zurück zum Zitat Wieland, J. (1998). Kooperationsökonomie. Die Ökonomie der Diversität, Abhängigkeit und Atmosphäre. In G. Wegner & J. Wieland (Eds.), Formelle und informelle Institutionen. Genese, Interaktion und Wandel. Marburg: Metropolis. Wieland, J. (1998). Kooperationsökonomie. Die Ökonomie der Diversität, Abhängigkeit und Atmosphäre. In G. Wegner & J. Wieland (Eds.), Formelle und informelle Institutionen. Genese, Interaktion und Wandel. Marburg: Metropolis.
Zurück zum Zitat Wieland, J. (2003). Corporate citizenship und strategische Unternehmenskommunikation in der Praxis. In J. Wieland, & M. Behrent (Hrsg.): Corporate citizenship und strategische Unternehmenskommunikation in der Praxis. München/Mering: Hampp Verlag. Wieland, J. (2003). Corporate citizenship und strategische Unternehmenskommunikation in der Praxis. In J. Wieland, & M. Behrent (Hrsg.): Corporate citizenship und strategische Unternehmenskommunikation in der Praxis. München/Mering: Hampp Verlag.
Zurück zum Zitat Wieland, J. (2004). Die Ethik der Governance. Marburg: Metropolis. Wieland, J. (2004). Die Ethik der Governance. Marburg: Metropolis.
Zurück zum Zitat Wieland, J. (2009). Die Firma als Kooperationsprojekt der Gesellschaft. In J. Wieland (Ed.), CSR als Netzwerkgovernance – Theoretische Herausforderungen und praktische Antworten. Marburg: Metropolis. Wieland, J. (2009). Die Firma als Kooperationsprojekt der Gesellschaft. In J. Wieland (Ed.), CSR als Netzwerkgovernance – Theoretische Herausforderungen und praktische Antworten. Marburg: Metropolis.
Zurück zum Zitat Wildavsky, A. (1987). Choosing preferences by constructing institution: A cultural theory of preference formation. American Political Science Review, 81, 3–21.CrossRef Wildavsky, A. (1987). Choosing preferences by constructing institution: A cultural theory of preference formation. American Political Science Review, 81, 3–21.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Williamson, O. E. (2010). Corporate governance: A contractual and organizational perspective. In L. Sacconi, M. Blair, E. Freeman, & A. Vercelli (Ed.), Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Williamson, O. E. (2010). Corporate governance: A contractual and organizational perspective. In L. Sacconi, M. Blair, E. Freeman, & A. Vercelli (Ed.), Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zurück zum Zitat Witt, U. (1987). Individualistische Grundlagen der evolutorischen Ökonomik. Tübingen: Siebeck. Witt, U. (1987). Individualistische Grundlagen der evolutorischen Ökonomik. Tübingen: Siebeck.
Zurück zum Zitat Wood, D. J., & Logsdon, J. M. (2002). Business citizenship. From individual’s to organizations. In: Business Ethics Quarterly, 3, pp. 59–94. Wood, D. J., & Logsdon, J. M. (2002). Business citizenship. From individual’s to organizations. In: Business Ethics Quarterly, 3, pp. 59–94.
Zurück zum Zitat World Bank 2012 Development Indicators (2012). World Bank 2012 Development Indicators (2012).
Metadaten
Titel
Opening the Door to Opportunities: How to Design CR Strategies that Optimize Impact for Business and Society
verfasst von
Michael Fürst
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38753-1_11