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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Opening Up Opportunities and Risks? Retrenchment, Activation and Targeting as Main Trends of Recent Welfare State Reforms Across Europe

verfasst von : Nikola Borosch, Johanna Kuhlmann, Sonja Blum

Erschienen in: Challenges to European Welfare Systems

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Based on the country chapters in the present volume, this contribution has two objectives: First, it gives a structured overview on the diversity of policy responses that have been adopted since 2007 in European Welfare Systems (EWS). Thereby, we cover the policy areas of labour market, pensions, health, long-term care, family policy and social assistance. Second, on this basis, the chapter identifies three major tendencies of change: To begin with, retrenchment of universal risk prevention turns out to be an important driver of reform during the crisis, but also activation policies and extended choices are getting increasingly important. In addition, we identify a growing number or extensity of measures that are targeted towards special (vulnerable) groups.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Financial Crisis as Game Changer for the UK Welfare State

Nächstes Kapitel European Demographic Change and Welfare Challenges

In a recent article, Van Kersbergen et al. (2014) make a similar undertaking. Analysing welfare state reforms during the crisis (2010–2012) in four countries, they operationalize these reforms as (a) “social investment if they aim to capacitate individuals and improve human capital”, (b) “compensation if they compensate the (income) losses of individuals”, (c) “retrenchment when it cuts back existing entitlements”, and (d) “cost containment when it reduces […] but does not cut back formal entitlements” (Van Kersbergen et al. 2014: 7). As will be explained later in this chapter, we partly depart from this operationalization.

Although dealing with risks, it will be shown that this last section does not completely fit our analytical framework as it includes elements of both prevention and retrenchment.

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Titel: Opening Up Opportunities and Risks? Retrenchment, Activation and Targeting as Main Trends of Recent Welfare State Reforms Across Europe
verfasst von: Nikola Borosch
Johanna Kuhlmann
Sonja Blum
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Challenges to European Welfare Systems
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07679-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-07680-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07680-5_33