Optimal allocation and smart scheduling of distributed energy resources and electrical vehicles to enhance economical operation of unbalanced distribution system

Integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the unbalanced distribution system (UDS) brings more challenges to power system operators as this additional load deteriorates the performance parameters of the UDS. To deal with the growing load demand and variation of load throughout the day, optimal allocation of renewable energy resources is becoming common practice as they help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions along with enhancing the performance parameter of UDS. With the advancement of the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, plugged-in EVs can play a critical role to support the grid. But uncontrollable and volatile nature of renewable energy sources (RES) and EVs increases the difficulty of managing power dispatch according to demand. This critical task of flexible operation is tackled by introducing an optimal coordinated approach along with incentive-based demand-side management (DSM) of EVs that allow the optimal dispatch and scheduling of distributed energy resources and EVs to minimize the operating cost and enhance the performance parameters of UDS. A new optimization algorithm is also proposed for optimal allocation of distributed energy resources (DERs) by solving multipoint multi-objective optimization problem considering plug-in EVs. It has been shown that using the proposed strategy average active power loss reduced up to 13.93%, whereas voltage deviation and voltage unbalance decreased to 70.24 % and 19.34 % respectively. The entire running cost is decreased to 78.72% using the optimal coordinated operation of DER-DSM.