RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optimization of residential building envelopes using an improved Emperor Penguin Optimizer

Energy consumption minimization and the lowest life cycle costs are two important factors in residential buildings. Therefore, to achieve the optimum shape with the best performance, a new optimization-simulation technique, called improved Emperor Penguin Optimizer coupled with a building energy simulation tool, called eQuest have been provided to choose optimum values of an all-inclusive list of criteria related to the envelope for minimization of the energy consumption of the residential buildings. Generally, the process of model optimization can take less computation time and cost. Also, the applied method carries out completely well comparing the particle swarm, approaching very near to the optimal in less than 50% of the simulations. Among different forms that have been evaluated in this paper, the trapezoid and the rectangle forms had better results with the fewest amount of the life cycle costs in all five various climate conditions. Also, considering the worst and the best alternation of the form, the trapezoid, and the rectangle showed the smallest value. The characteristics related to the building envelope analyzed were the types of foundation, different types of windows with various areas, the constructions of the roof and the wall, and the insulation of the ceiling and the foundation.