16. Optimization of Tilt Angles for Solar Devices to Gain Maximum Solar Energy in Indian Climate

Availability of maximum solar radiation can be ensured by optimizing the tilt angles for a given location. Most of the optimization techniques are based on the available theoretical models. Keeping this in view, tilt angles were optimized for composite climate (Nagpur and Delhi) and hot and dry climate (Jodhpur), India, using actual solar radiation data of India Meteorological Department (IMD). The optimization of tilt angle is done by establishing a polynomial relation between tilt angle and solar radiation data for annual, bi-annual, seasonal, bi-monthly, and monthly tilts. The optimum tilt angles for New Delhi and Nagpur were found as Φ − 5° and Φ + 4°, respectively, while for Jodhpur it was Φ + 4° for south facing. The highest solar radiation was predicted for monthly tilt. However, total solar radiation for bi-annual tilt was also found very close to that of monthly optimum. According to the analysis carried out, it is recommended to have bi-annual tilt (zero tilt from April to September and 42°–49° degree tilt from October to March).