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2014 | Buch

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Optimum Cooling of Data Centers

Application of Risk Assessment and Mitigation Techniques

verfasst von: Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Verlag: Springer New York

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book describes the use of free air cooling to improve the efficiency of, and cooling of, equipment for use in telecom infrastructures. Discussed at length is the cooling of communication installation rooms such as data centers or base stations, and this is intended as a valuable tool for the people designing and manufacturing key parts of communication networks. This book provides an introduction to current cooling methods used for energy reduction, and also compares present cooling methods in use in the field. The qualification methods and standard reliability assessments are reviewed, and their inability to assess the risks of free air cooling is discussed. The method of identifying the risks associated with free air cooling on equipment performance and reliability is introduced. A novel method of assessment for free air cooling is also proposed that utilizes prognostics and health management (PHM).

This book also:

Describes how the implementation of free air cooling can save energy for cooling within the telecommunications infrastructure.

Analyzes the potential risks and failures of mechanisms possible in the implementation of free air cooling, which benefits manufacturers and equipment designers.

Presents prognostics-based assessments to identify and mitigate the risks of telecommunications equipment under free air cooling conditions, which can provide the early warning of equipment failures at operation stage without disturbing the data centers' service.

Optimum Cooling for Data Centers is an ideal book for researchers and engineers interested in designing and manufacturing equipment for use in telecom infrastructures.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. The Telecom Industry and Data Centers

Abstract

The telecommunications industry encompasses the information and communication technology (ICT) sectors, ranging from fixed telephone, broadband Internet, and mobile wireless applications to cable television. The supporting backbone of the telecom industry’s infrastructure is data centers, which comprise the buildings, facilities, and rooms that contain enterprise servers and equipment for communications, cooling, and power distribution and control. This chapter overviews the telecom industry market and the need for energy consumption reduction/optimization in data centers.

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Chapter 2. Data Center Energy Flow and Efficiency

Abstract

Data centers form the backbone of information management in every sector of the economy, and their energy consumption has been of concern to governments and the telecom industry. This chapter introduces data center energy efficiency, including the main components and operating environments in data centers, as well as the standards, thermal guidelines, and metrics used to quantify the energy efficiency. This chapter also presents the major cooling methods used in the industry to improve energy efficiency. A case study is discussed in which energy consumption of a medium-size primary data center at an academic campus is analyzed and compared with experimental measurements.

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Chapter 3. Standards Relating to Data Center

Abstract

Several standards are adopted by the industry on data center design and operating environment requirements and on telecom equipment qualification, quality management, and installation. This chapter reviews some key standards, including the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Thermal Guidelines (operating environment requirement), Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Standard 942 (Telecommunication Infrastructure Standard, data center design, and telecom equipment installation), Telcordia GR-63-CORE (telecom equipment qualification), ETSI 300 019 (telecom equipment qualification), and TL 9000 (telecom equipment quality management).

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Chapter 4. Principal Cooling Methods

Abstract

The continuous increase in energy and simultaneous decrease in IT hardware prices are among the chief reasons for the data center industry to pay attention to energy efficiency as a top priority. Since nearly 50 % of the power provided to a data center may go to the cooling infrastructure, it is imperative to develop high performance and reliable, yet cost-effective, cooling solutions. Moreover, it is probable that tighter government regulations will force the data center industry to improve the energy efficiency of their operations. In addition to well-established air cooling methods, several other cooling methods are already in use, about which preliminary reports and research papers have been published and include evaluation of their performance and comparison with traditional air cooling systems. While this chapter focuses primarily on existing cooling methods, coverage of emerging cooling technologies and trends for energy efficient thermal management for data centers is discussed in Chap. 9.

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Chapter 5. Reliability Risks Under Free Air Cooling

Abstract

Free air cooling is one of the cooling methods best know for the energy savings it offers in data centers and is increasingly accepted by the industry. Due to the potential energy savings, the “EU Code of Conduct on Data Centers” and the 2010 version of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 90.1 recommend free air cooling as the preferred cooling method in data centers. But, under free air cooling, operating environments usually go beyond those in traditional data centers and in standards, which may causes potential reliability risks to equipment in data centers. This chapter summarizes the risks arising from the modified free air cooling environment, and discusses the potential failure mechanisms and test methods for the reliability of equipment in data centers.

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Chapter 6. Part Risk Assessment and Mitigation

Abstract

Some of the efficient cooling methods, such as free air cooling, extend the operating environment of telecom equipment, which may impact the performance of electronic parts. Parts located at hotspots may not function as required or may have unacceptable parameter variations resulting in inadequate performance. This chapter introduces the background information and methods necessary to identify the parts at risk.

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Chapter 7. Part Reliability Assessment in Data Centers

Abstract

The risks to telecom equipment due to failure and degradation of parts need to be evaluated in order to assess component and system reliability in telecom equipment and data centers. This chapter provides rules to identify the reliability risks in parts under select existing or emerging energy efficient cooling methods, and then discusses handbook-based reliability prediction methods, analyzing their applicability for the cooling methods. This chapter also provides methods to assess the reliability of parts under the cooling conditions.

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G Pecht

Chapter 8. Life Cycle Risk Mitigations

Abstract

To identify and mitigate performance and reliability risks to data center equipment when subjected to the operating environment changes under the efficient cooling methods introduced in Chap. 2, the design, test, and operation needs to be considered.

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Chapter 9. Emerging Trends

Abstract

The information technology (IT) and telecommunications (TC) industries today are perceived as heavy energy consumption entities, accounting for nearly 2 % of the world energy consumption [1] and with a strong demand-driven upward trend in the years to come. However, in the future the energy efficiency gains from digital processes replacing energy intensive activities may make this industry a major contributor to improved global energy efficiency and overall reduced carbon footprint. For this to be realized, we must improve IT efficiency and energy management in data centers, computer stations, and portable devices, while utilizing dedicated software and hardware that can synchronize and optimize the operation of the entire data center per its designated mission and functions. Accordingly, the next generation of data centers will employ emerging technologies to further improve the energy efficiency and risk management as key components of an optimum operation. This chapter presents some of the key trends including multiobjective optimization of data centers, renewed focus on energy management and the need for development of energy efficient electronics, low resistance cooling methods, utilization of waste heat recovery/chiller-less cooling, thermal storage, and additional measures that can promote reliable and optimum operation of data centers.

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Erratum to: Emerging Trends

Jun Dai, Michael M. Ohadi, Diganta Das, Michael G. Pecht

Backmatter

Titel: Optimum Cooling of Data Centers
verfasst von: Jun Dai
Michael M. Ohadi
Diganta Das
Michael G. Pecht
Verlag: Springer New York
Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-5602-5
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5601-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5602-5