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Erschienen in:
2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Options for Energy Transition of the Transport Sector
verfasst von : Karsten Wilbrand, Andreas Kolbeck
Erschienen in: Heavy-Duty-, On- und Off-Highway-Motoren 2021
Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
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Abstract
The transport sector contributes significantly to global CO2 emissions. In fact, road freight accounts for 9% of those emissions and is expected to further grow in the coming decades.
For heavy duty vehicles battery electric propulsion is seen as feasible for certain use cases, but it is considered as challenging i.e., due to size & weight of batteries as well as a lacking charging infrastructure. Other options like liquid and gaseous hydrogen as well as green methanol were recently investigated in a study done by Shell and TU Hamburg.
The paper gives a holistic overview of the production and distribution pathways, also considering constraints from the energy system perspective, requiring seasonal energy storage and molecular energy imports into Europe.
The following energy-carrier-powertrain options were investigated: battery electric, gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen and green methanol. Efficiency losses along the supply chain were investigated. For all pathways also cost from the solar/wind farm to the wheel of the truck were calculated.