Organization and Internal Structure of Synoptic and Mesoscale Precipitation Systems in Midlatitudes

The aim of this chapter is to consider the nature of synoptic and mesoscale phenomena especially as it affects the ability of radar to observe the associated precipitation. The chapter is also concerned with contributions that radar has made toward improving the understanding of synoptic and mesoscale systems. Other chapters in this volume deal specifically with convective dynamics, microphysics, boundary-layer phenomena, and tropical systems. The scope is restricted to midlatitude frontal systems, including (non-squall line) rainbands and associated convection, and the effects of topography on precipitation. The emphasis is on the use of conventional and Doppler radar for the understanding and general monitoring of precipitation patterns associated with these phenomena rather than on the quantitative measurement of precipitation amounts. Also, nonsevere weather systems are emphasized here; severe weather systems per se, as with precipitation measurement, are discussed elsewhere.