6. Outlook: Risks and Opportunities

The defossilization of the transportation sector requires political support since total cost calculations clearly show that alternative technologies have high cost during the market introduction phase. Market penetration has to be stimulated by suitable regulations and funding programs. Front running countries are required that financially support these new technologies—not only via pure research and development programs, but also via subsidies and blending quotas that influence market conditions. After their successful implementation electricity-based fuels can not only be a link between the electricity sector and the transportation sector, but also a link between industrialized and developing countries. Very good solar and wind conditions are a clear advantage that is not found in most of the developed world. Electricity-based fuels can be an energy carrier which enables local added value in developing countries, the export of renewable energy and finally an innovative form of international development assistance.