Overview of Cement Partial Substitution with Marble Dust, Eggshell Powder in Pine-Needle Fibre Concrete

Cement is one of the most utilized materials in the construction industry production of cement leads to the generation of carbon dioxide emission. Carbon dioxide plays a vital role in leading of environmental issues like greenhouse gases, acid rain, and ozone layer depletion which is very harmful to human health. This review paper explores the potential of sustainable construction practices by replacing cement with environmental friendly filler materials such as marble dust and eggshell powder, combined with the incorporation of pine-needle natural fibre. By utilizing waste materials in concrete to enhance mechanical properties and consume natural resources to implement a sustainable construction approach for future generations. This study investigates the mechanical properties of various concrete specimens, including plain concrete (PC), marble dust powder (MDP) cement concrete, and pine-needle fibre-reinforced concrete (PN-FRC). The previous studies reveal that the addition of pine-needle fibre, marble dust, and eggshell powder (ESP) improves dynamic, compressive, and flexural properties compared to normal plain concrete. Notably, PNESPMDP-FRCs, comprising 10% eggshell powder, 15% marble dust powder, and 30 mm-long pine-needle fibre, exhibit superior performance under dynamic loading conditions. Despite a slight decrease in compressive strength, flexural strengths are significantly enhanced, especially with the PN-FRC containing 30 mm pine-needle fibres. This study addressed the potential of utilizing commercial waste for sustainable construction, offering insights into achieving eco-friendly and mechanically robust concrete materials, with a recommended optimal combination for compression members.