nach oben

Erschienen in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Overview of Solar Photovoltaic Technology

verfasst von : Dr. Shaocong Hou

Erschienen in: Fiber Solar Cells

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

In this chapter, I will overview the common solar photovoltaic technologies and focus on dye-sensitized solar cells and their challenges. As one of main streams of photovoltaic technologies, flexible photovotaics, usually in planar configuration, were reviewed. Then, I will in-detailed summary the development of the emerging fiber solar cells, which is a promising way to realize flexible/wearable photovoltaics. Last, the scope of this thesis is briefly introduced.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nächstes Kapitel Film Deposition on a Wire/Fiber via In Situ Joule Heating Process

Docampo P, Guldin S, Leijtens T, Noel NK, Steiner U, Snaith HJ (2014) Lessons learned: from dye-sensitized solar cells to all-solid-state hybrid devices. Adv Mater 26(24):4013–4030. doi:10.1002/adma.201400486 CrossRef

Oregan B, Gratzel M (1991) A low-cost, high-efficiency solar-cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO₂ films. Nature 353(6346):737–740. doi:10.1038/353737a0 CrossRef

Nazeeruddin MK, Kay A, Rodicio I, Humphrybaker R, Muller E, Liska P, Vlachopoulos N, Gratzel M (1993) Conversion of Light to Electricity by Cis-X2bis(2,2′-Bipyridyl-4,4′-Dicarboxylate)Ruthenium(Ii) Charge-Transfer Sensitizers (X=Cl-, Br-, I-, Cn-, and Scn-) on Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 115(14):6382–6390. doi:10.1021/Ja00067a063 CrossRef

Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G, Sun L, Kloo L, Pettersson H (2010) Dye-Sensitized solar cells. Chem Rev 110(11):6595–6663. doi:10.1021/cr900356p CrossRef

Halme J, Vahermaa P, Miettunen K, Lund P (2010) Device physics of dye solar cells. Adv Mater 22(35):E210–E234. doi:10.1002/adma.201000726 CrossRef

Kamat PV, Tvrdy K, Baker DR, Radich JG (2010) Beyond photovoltaics: semiconductor nanoarchitectures for liquid-junction solar cells. Chem Rev 110(11):6664–6688. doi:10.1021/Cr100243p CrossRef

Ahmad S, Guillen E, Kavan L, Gratzel M, Nazeeruddin MK (2013) Metal free sensitizer and catalyst for dye sensitized solar cells. Energ Environ Sci 6(12):3439–3466. doi:10.1039/C3ee41888j CrossRef

Snaith HJ, Schmidt-Mende L (2007) Advances in liquid-electrolyte and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Adv Mater 19(20):3187–3200. doi:10.1002/adma.200602903 CrossRef

Hao F, Dong P, Luo Q, Li JB, Lou J, Lin H (2013) Recent advances in alternative cathode materials for iodine-free dye-sensitized solar cells. Energ Environ Sci 6(7):2003–2019. doi:10.1039/C3ee40296g CrossRef

10.

Snaith HJ (2010) Estimating the maximum attainable efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells. Adv Funct Mater 20(1):13–19. doi:10.1002/adfm.200901476 CrossRef

11.

Yu M, Long YZ, Sun B, Fan ZY (2012) Recent advances in solar cells based on one-dimensional nanostructure arrays. Nanoscale 4(9):2783–2796. doi:10.1039/C2nr30437f CrossRef

12.

Yu QJ, Wang YH, Yi ZH, Zu NN, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wang P (2010) High-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells: the influence of lithium ions on exciton dissociation, charge recombination, and surface states. ACS Nano 4(10):6032–6038. doi:10.1021/Nn101384e CrossRef

13.

Zhang M, Wang YL, Xu MF, Ma WT, Li RZ, Wang P (2013) Design of high-efficiency organic dyes for titania solar cells based on the chromophoric core of cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole. Energ Environ Sci 6(10):2944–2949. doi:10.1039/C3ee42331j CrossRef

14.

Yella A, Lee HW, Tsao HN, Yi CY, Chandiran AK, Nazeeruddin MK, Diau EWG, Yeh CY, Zakeeruddin SM, Gratzel M (2011) Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells with Cobalt (II/III)-based redox electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency. Science 334(6056):629–634. doi:10.1126/science.1209688 CrossRef

15.

Simon Mathew AY, Gao Peng, Humphry-Baker Robin, Curchod Basile F E, Ashari-Astani Negar, Tavernelli Ivano, Ursula Rothlisberger Md, Nazeeruddin Khaja, Grätzel Michael (2014) Dye-sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers. Nat Chem 6:242–247. doi:10.1038/nchem.186110.1038/NCHEM.1861 CrossRef

16.

Wang J, Mora-Sero I, Pan ZX, Zhao K, Zhang H, Feng YY, Yang G, Zhong XH, Bisquert J (2013) Core/shell colloidal quantum dot exciplex states for the development of highly efficient quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 135(42):15913–15922. doi:10.1021/Ja4079804 CrossRef

17.

Pazos-Outon LM, Szumilo M, Lamboll R, Richter JM, Crespo-Quesada M, Abdi-Jalebi M, Beeson HJ, Vrucinic M, Alsari M, Snaith HJ, Ehrler B, Friend RH, Deschler F (2016) Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Science 351(6280):1430–1433. doi:10.1126/science.aaf1168 CrossRef

18.

Lv MQ, Zheng DJ, Ye MD, Xiao J, Guo WX, Lai YK, Sun L, Lin CJ, Zuo J (2013) Optimized porous rutile TiO₂ nanorod arrays for enhancing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. Energ Environ Sci 6(5):1615–1622. doi:10.1039/C3ee24125d CrossRef

19.

Lin CJ, Yu WY, Chien SH (2010) Transparent electrodes of ordered opened-end TiO₂-nanotube arrays for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mater Chem 20(6):1073–1077. doi:10.1039/B917886d CrossRef

20.

Memarian N, Concina I, Braga A, Rozati SM, Vomiero A, Sberveglieri G (2011) Hierarchically assembled ZnO nanocrystallites for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. Angew Chem Int Edit 50(51):12321–12325. doi:10.1002/anie.201104605 CrossRef

21.

Wang YF, Li KN, Liang CL, Hou YF, Su CY, Kuang DB (2012) Synthesis of hierarchical SnO2 octahedra with tailorable size and application in dye-sensitized solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency. J Mater Chem 22(40):21495–21501. doi:10.1039/C2jm33633b CrossRef

22.

Wang YF, Li KN, Xu YF, Rao HS, Su CY, Kuang DB (2013) Hydrothermal fabrication of hierarchically macroporous Zn₂SnO₄ for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Nanoscale 5(13):5940–5948. doi:10.1039/C3nr01133j CrossRef

23.

Feldt SM, Gibson EA, Gabrielsson E, Sun L, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A (2010) Design of organic dyes and cobalt polypyridine redox mediators for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 132(46):16714–16724. doi:10.1021/Ja1088869 CrossRef

24.

Rosenbluth ML, Lewis NS (1989) Ideal behavior of the open circuit voltage of semiconductor liquid junctions. J Phys Chem 93(9):3735–3740. doi:10.1021/J100346a072 CrossRef

25.

Boschloo G, Haggman L, Hagfeldt A (2006) Quantification of the effect of 4-tert-butylpyridine addition to I-/I-3(-) redox electrolytes in dye-sensitized nanostructured TiO₂ solar cells. J Phys Chem B 110(26):13144–13150. doi:10.1021/Jp0619641 CrossRef

26.

Peter LM (2007) Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. PCCP 9(21):2630–2642. doi:10.1039/B617073k CrossRef

27.

Burschka J, Brault V, Ahmad S, Breau L, Nazeeruddin MK, Marsan B, Zakeeruddin SM, Gratzel M (2012) Influence of the counter electrode on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells using a disulfide/thiolate redox electrolyte. Energ Environ Sci 5(3):6089–6097. doi:10.1039/C2ee03005e CrossRef

28.

Daeneke T, Kwon TH, Holmes AB, Duffy NW, Bach U, Spiccia L (2011) High-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells with ferrocene-based electrolytes. Nat Chem 3(3):211–215. doi:10.1038/Nchem.966 CrossRef

29.

Bai Y, Cao YM, Zhang J, Wang M, Li RZ, Wang P, Zakeeruddin SM, Gratzel M (2008) High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells based on solvent-free electrolytes produced from eutectic melts. Nat Mater 7(8):626–630. doi:10.1038/Nmat2224 CrossRef

30.

Yang HS, Ilperuma OA, Shimomura M, Murakami K (2009) Effect of ultra-thin polymer membrane electrolytes on dye-sensitized solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93(6–7):1083–1086. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2008.12.019 CrossRef

31.

Roh DK, Chi WS, Jeon H, Kim SJ, Kim JH (2014) High efficiency solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells assembled with hierarchical anatase pine tree-like TiO₂ nanotubes. Adv Funct Mater 24(3):379–386. doi:10.1002/adfm.201301562 CrossRef

32.

Kim J, Koh JK, Kim B, Kim JH, Kim E (2012) Nanopatterning of mesoporous inorganic oxide films for efficient light harvesting of dye-sensitized solar cells. Angew Chem Int Edit 51(28):6864–6869. doi:10.1002/anie.201202428 CrossRef

33.

Cai N, Moon SJ, Cevey-Ha L, Moehl T, Humphry-Baker R, Wang P, Zakeeruddin SM, Gratzel M (2011) An organic D-pi-A dye for record efficiency solid-state sensitized heterojunction solar cells. Nano Lett 11(4):1452–1456. doi:10.1021/Nl104034e CrossRef

34.

Burschka J, Dualeh A, Kessler F, Baranoff E, Cevey-Ha NL, Yi CY, Nazeeruddin MK, Gratzel M (2011) Tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine)cobalt(III) as p-Type dopant for organic semiconductors and its application in highly efficient solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 133(45):18042–18045. doi:10.1021/Ja207367t CrossRef

35.

Sakamoto H, Igarashi S, Uchida M, Niume K, Nagai M (2012) Highly efficient all solid state dye-sensitized solar cells by the specific interaction of CuI with NCS groups II. Enhancement of the photovoltaic characteristics. Org Electron 13(3):514–518. doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2011.11.017

36.

Snaith HJ (2013) Perovskites: the emergence of a new era for low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells. J Phys Chem Lett 4(21):3623–3630. doi:10.1021/jz4020162 CrossRef

37.

Wu MX, Lin X, Wang TH, Qiu JS, Ma TL (2011) Low-cost dye-sensitized solar cell based on nine kinds of carbon counter electrodes. Energ Environ Sci 4(6):2308–2315. doi:10.1039/C1ee01059j CrossRef

38.

Joshi P, Zhang LF, Chen QL, Galipeau D, Fong H, Qiao QQ (2010) Electrospun carbon nanofibers as low-cost counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. Acs Appl Mater Interfaces 2(12):3572–3577. doi:10.1021/Am100742s CrossRef

39.

Nam JG, Park YJ, Kim BS, Lee JS (2010) Enhancement of the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell by utilizing carbon nanotube counter electrode. Scripta Mater 62(3):148–150. doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.10.008 CrossRef

40.

Roy-Mayhew JD, Bozym DJ, Punckt C, Aksay IA (2010) Functionalized graphene as a catalytic counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Nano 4(10):6203–6211. doi:10.1021/Nn1016428 CrossRef

41.

Jiang QW, Li GR, Liu S, Gao XP (2010) Surface-nitrided nickel with bifunctional structure as low-cost counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Phys Chem C 114(31):13397–13401. doi:10.1021/Jp1035184 CrossRef

42.

Sun HC, Qin D, Huang SQ, Guo XZ, Li DM, Luo YH, Meng QB (2011) Dye-sensitized solar cells with NiS counter electrodes electrodeposited by a potential reversal technique. Energ Environ Sci 4(8):2630–2637. doi:10.1039/C0ee00791a CrossRef

43.

Wu MX, Lin XA, Hagfeldt A, Ma TL (2011) A novel catalyst of WO₂ nanorod for the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun 47(15):4535–4537. doi:10.1039/C1cc10638d CrossRef

44.

Tai QD, Chen BL, Guo F, Xu S, Hu H, Sebo B, Zhao XZ (2011) In situ prepared transparent polyaniline electrode and its application in bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Nano 5(5):3795–3799. doi:10.1021/Nn200133g CrossRef

45.

Xia JB, Chen L, Yanagida S (2011) Application of polypyrrole as a counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell. J Mater Chem 21(12):4644–4649. doi:10.1039/C0jm04116e CrossRef

46.

Pringle JM, Armel V, MacFarlane DR (2010) Electrodeposited PEDOT-on-plastic cathodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun 46(29):5367–5369. doi:10.1039/C0cc01400a CrossRef

47.

Xia JB, Masaki N, Jiang KJ, Yanagida S (2007) The influence of doping ions on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as a counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell. J Mater Chem 17(27):2845–2850. doi:10.1039/B703062b CrossRef

48.

Ramasamy E, Lee WJ, Lee DY, Song JS (2007) Nanocarbon counterelectrode for dye sensitized solar cells. Appl Phys Lett 90(17):173103. doi:10.1063/1.2731495

49.

Fan SQ, Fang B, Kim JH, Jeong B, Kim C, Yu JS, Ko J (2010) Ordered multimodal porous carbon as highly efficient counter electrodes in dye-sensitized and quantum-dot solar cells. Langmuir 26(16):13644–13649. doi:10.1021/La1019873 CrossRef

50.

Zhang J, Li XX, Guo W, Hreid T, Hou JF, Su HQ, Yuan ZB (2011) Electropolymerization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and functionalized, multi-walled, carbon nanotubes counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells and characterization of its performance. Electrochim Acta 56(9):3147–3152. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.063 CrossRef

51.

Sudhagar P, Nagarajan S, Lee YG, Song D, Son T, Cho W, Heo M, Lee K, Won J, Kang YS (2011) Synergistic catalytic effect of a composite (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) counter electrode on triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells. Acs Appl Mater Interfaces 3(6):1838–1843. doi:10.1021/Am2003735 CrossRef

52.

Li GR, Wang F, Jiang QW, Gao XP, Shen PW (2010) Carbon nanotubes with titanium nitride as a low-cost counter-electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells. Angew Chem Int Edit 49(21):3653–3656. doi:10.1002/anie.201000659 CrossRef

53.

Jiang QW, Li GR, Gao XP (2009) Highly ordered TiN nanotube arrays as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun 44:6720. doi:10.1039/b912776c CrossRef

54.

Kavan L, Yum JH, Nazeeruddin MK, Gratzel M (2011) Graphene nanoplatelet cathode for Co(III)/(II) mediated dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Nano 5(11):9171–9178. doi:10.1021/Nn203416d CrossRef

55.

Wu MX, Lin XA, Hagfeldt A, Ma TL (2011) Low-cost molybdenum carbide and tungsten carbide counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Angew Chem Int Edit 50(15):3520–3524. doi:10.1002/anie.201006635 CrossRef

56.

Tsao HN, Burschka J, Yi CY, Kessler F, Nazeeruddin MK, Gratzel M (2011) Influence of the interfacial charge-transfer resistance at the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells employing cobalt redox shuttles. Energ Environ Sci 4(12):4921–4924. doi:10.1039/C1ee02389f CrossRef

57.

Tian HN, Yu Z, Hagfeldt A, Kloo L, Sun L (2011) Organic redox couples and organic counter electrode for efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 133(24):9413–9422. doi:10.1021/Ja2030933 CrossRef

58.

Ku Z, Rong Y, Xu M, Liu T, Han H (2013) Full printable processed mesoscopic CH₃NH₃PbI₃/TiO₂ heterojunction solar cells with carbon counter electrode. Sci Rep 3:3132. doi:10.1038/srep03132 CrossRef

59.

Kalowekamo J, Baker E (2009) Estimating the manufacturing cost of purely organic solar cells. Sol Energy 83(8):1224–1231. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2009.02.003 CrossRef

60.

Pagliaro M, Ciriminna R, Palmisano G (2008) Flexible solar cells. Chemsuschem 1(11):880–891. doi:10.1002/cssc.200800127 CrossRef

61.

Kaltenbrunner M, White MS, Glowacki ED, Sekitani T, Someya T, Sariciftci NS, Bauer S (2012) Ultrathin and lightweight organic solar cells with high flexibility. Nat Commun 3:770. doi:10.1038/ncomms1772 CrossRef

62.

Willeke GP (2002) Thin crystalline silicon solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 72(1–4):191-200. PII:S0927-0248(01)00164-7. doi:10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00164-7

63.

Pianezzi F, Chirila A, Blosch P, Seyrling S, Buecheler S, Kranz L, Fella C, Tiwari AN (2012) Electronic properties of Cu(In, Ga)Se₂ solar cells on stainless steel foils without diffusion barrier. Prog Photovoltaics 20(3):253–259. doi:10.1002/Pip.1247 CrossRef

64.

Chirila A, Buecheler S, Pianezzi F, Bloesch P, Gretener C, Uhl AR, Fella C, Kranz L, Perrenoud J, Seyrling S, Verma R, Nishiwaki S, Romanyuk YE, Bilger G, Tiwari AN (2011) Highly efficient Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 solar cells grown on flexible polymer films. Nat Mater 10(11):857–861. doi:10.1038/Nmat3122 CrossRef

65.

Lin Q, Huang H, Jing Y, Fu H, Chang P, Li D, Yao Y, Fan Z (2014) Flexible photovoltaic technologies. J Mater Chem C 2(7):1233. doi:10.1039/c3tc32197e CrossRef

66.

An J, Guo W, Ma TL (2012) Enhanced photoconversion efficiency of all-flexible dye-sensitized solar cells Based on a Ti substrate with TiO₂ nanoforest underlayer. Small 8(22):3427–3431. doi:10.1002/smll.201200802 CrossRef

67.

Yun HG, Bae BS, Kang MG (2011) A simple and highly efficient method for surface treatment of Ti substrates for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. Adv Energy Mater 1(3):337–342. doi:10.1002/aenm.201000044 CrossRef

68.

Liu B, Boercker JE, Aydil ES (2008) Oriented single crystalline titanium dioxide nanowires. Nanotechnology 19(50):505604. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/50/505604

69.

Kuang D, Brillet J, Chen P, Takata M, Uchida S, Miura H, Sumioka K, Zakeeruddin SM, Gratzel M (2008) Application of highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Nano 2(6):1113–1116. doi:10.1021/Nn800174y CrossRef

70.

Kim D, Lee K, Roy P, Birajdar BI, Spiecker E, Schmuki P (2009) Formation of a non-thickness-limited titanium dioxide mesosponge and its use in dye-sensitized solar cells. Angew Chem Int Edit 48(49):9326–9329. doi:10.1002/anie.200904455 CrossRef

71.

Jun Y, Kang MG (2007) The characterization of nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells with flexible metal substrates by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Electrochem Soc 154(1):B68–B71. doi:10.1149/1.2374943 CrossRef

72.

Balasingam SK, Kang MG, Jun Y (2013) Metal substrate based electrodes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells: fabrication methods, progress and challenges. Chem Commun 49(98):11457–11475. doi:10.1039/C3cc46224b CrossRef

73.

Miettunen K, Halme J, Lund P (2013) Metallic and plastic dye solar cells. Wiley Interdisc Rev: Energy Environ 2(1):104–120. doi:10.1002/wene.46

74.

Miettunen K, Asghar I, Ruan XL, Halme J, Saukkonen T, Lund P (2011) Stabilization of metal counter electrodes for dye solar cells. J Electroanal Chem 653(1–2):93–99. doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.12.022 CrossRef

75.

Weerasinghe HC, Huang FZ, Cheng YB (2013) Fabrication of flexible dye sensitized solar cells on plastic substrates. Nano Energy 2(2):174–189. doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.10.004 CrossRef

76.

Yamaguchi T, Tobe N, Matsumoto D, Nagai T, Arakawa H (2010) Highly efficient plastic-substrate dye-sensitized solar cells with validated conversion efficiency of 7.6%. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94(5):812–816. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2009.12.029

77.

Bazargan MH, Byranvand MM, Kharat AN (2010) A new counter electrode based on copper sheet for flexible dye sensitized solar cells. Chalcogenide Lett 7(8):515–519

78.

Xue Z, Jiang C, Wang L, Liu W, Liu B (2013) Fabrication of flexible plastic solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using low temperature techniques. J Phys Chem C:131118124144002. doi:10.1021/jp408663d

79.

Kumar MH, Yantara N, Dharani S, Graetzel M, Mhaisalkar S, Boix PP, Mathews N (2013) Flexible, low-temperature, solution processed ZnO-based perovskite solid state solar cells. Chem Commun 49(94):11089–11091. doi:10.1039/C3cc46534a CrossRef

80.

Liu DY, Kelly TL (2014) Perovskite solar cells with a planar heterojunction structure prepared using room-temperature solution processing techniques. Nat Photonics 8(2):133–138. doi:10.1038/Nphoton.2013842 CrossRef

81.

Ellmer K (2012) Past achievements and future challenges in the development of optically transparent electrodes. Nat Photonics 6(12):808–816. doi:10.1038/Nphoton.2012.282 CrossRef

82.

Liu JW, Namboothiry MAG, Carroll DL (2007) Optical geometries for fiber-based organic photovoltaics. Appl Phys Lett 90(13):133515. doi:10.1063/1.2716864

83.

Fan X, Chu ZZ, Wang FZ, Zhang C, Chen L, Tang YW, Zou DC (2008) Wire-shaped flexible dye-sensitized solar cells. Adv Mater 20(3):592–595. doi:10.1002/adma.200701249

84.

O’Connor B, Pipe KP, Shtein M (2008) Fiber based organic photovoltaic devices. Appl Phys Lett 92(19). doi:10.1063/1.2927533

85.

Lv ZB, Yu JF, Wu HW, Shang J, Wang D, Hou SC, Fu YP, Wu K, Zou DC (2012) Highly efficient and completely flexible fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell based on TiO₂ nanotube array. Nanoscale 4(4):1248–1253. doi:10.1039/C2nr11532h CrossRef

86.

Lv ZB, Fu YP, Hou SC, Wang D, Wu HW, Zhang C, Chu ZZ, Zou DC (2011) Large size, high efficiency fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells. PCCP 13(21):10076–10083. doi:10.1039/C1cp20543a CrossRef

87.

Fu YP, Lv ZB, Hou SC, Wu HW, Wang D, Zhang C, Chu ZZ, Cai X, Fan X, Wang ZL, Zou DC (2011) Conjunction of fiber solar cells with groovy micro-reflectors as highly efficient energy harvesters. Energ Environ Sci 4(9):3379–3383. doi:10.1039/C1ee01427g CrossRef

88.

Peng M, Hou SC, Wu HW, Yang QY, Cai X, Yu X, Yan K, Hu HW, Zhu FR, Zou DC (2014) Integration of fiber dye-sensitized solar cells with luminescent solar concentrators for high power output. J Mater Chem A 2(4):926–932. doi:10.1039/C3ta14284a CrossRef

89.

O’Connor B, Nothern D, Pipe KP, Shtein M (2010) High efficiency, broadband solar cell architectures based on arrays of volumetrically distributed narrowband photovoltaic fibers. Opt Express 18(19):A432–A443CrossRef

90.

Sun H, You X, Deng J, Chen X, Yang Z, Ren J, Peng H (2014) Novel graphene/carbon nanotube composite fibers for efficient wire-shaped miniature energy devices. Adv Mater. doi:10.1002/adma.201305188

91.

Zou DC, Lv ZB, Cai X, Hou SC (2012) Macro/microfiber-shaped electronic devices. Nano Energy 1(2):273–281. doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.01.005 CrossRef

92.

Fu YP, Wu HW, Ye SY, Cai X, Yu X, Hou SC, Kafafy H, Zou DC (2013) Integrated power fiber for energy conversion and storage. Energ Environ Sci 6(3):805–812. doi:10.1039/C3ee23970e CrossRef

93.

Bae J, Park YJ, Lee M, Cha SN, Choi YJ, Lee CS, Kim JM, Wang ZL (2011) Single-fiber-based hybridization of energy converters and storage units using graphene as electrodes. Adv Mater 23(30):3446–3449. doi:10.1002/adma.201101345

94.

Xu WJ, Choi S, Allen MG (2010) Hairlike carbon-fiber-based solar cell. mems 2010: 23rd IEEE international conference on micro electro mechanical systems, Tech Dig 1187–1190

95.

He R, Day TD, Krishnamurthi M, Sparks JR, Sazio PJA, Gopalan V, Badding JV (2013) Silicon p-i-n Junction Fibers. Adv Mater 25(10):1461–1467. doi:10.1002/adma.201203879 CrossRef

96.

Zhang L, Song L, Tian Q, Kuang X, Hu J, Liu J, Yang J, Chen Z (2012) Flexible fiber-shaped CuInSe₂ solar cells with single-wire-structure: design, construction and performance. Nano Energy 1(6):769–776. doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.07.022 CrossRef

97.

Lee MR, Eckert RD, Forberich K, Dennler G, Brabec CJ, Gaudiana RA (2009) Solar power wires based on organic photovoltaic materials. Science 324(5924):232–235. doi:10.1126/science.1168539 CrossRef

98.

Liu DY, Zhao MY, Li Y, Bian ZQ, Zhang LH, Shang YY, Xia XY, Zhang S, Yun DQ, Liu ZW, Cao AY, Huang CH (2012) Solid-state, polymer-based fiber solar cells with carbon nanotube electrodes. ACS Nano 6(12):11027–11034. doi:10.1021/Nn304638z

99.

Lv Z, Fu Y, Hou S, Wang D, Wu H, Zhang C, Chu Z, Zou D (2011) Large size, high efficiency fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells. PCCP 13(21):10076–10083. doi:10.1039/c1cp20543a CrossRef

100.

Yu J, Wang D, Huang Y, Fan X, Tang X, Gao C, Li J, Zou D, Wu K (2011) A cylindrical core-shell-like TiO₂ nanotube array anode for flexible fiber-type dye-sensitized solar cells. Nanoscale Res Lett 6(1):94. doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-94 CrossRef

101.

Cai X, Wu H, Hou S, Peng M, Yu X, Zou D (2014) Dye-sensitized solar cells with vertically aligned TiO₂ nanowire arrays grown on carbon fibers. ChemSusChem 7(2):474–482. doi:10.1002/cssc.201301020 CrossRef

102.

Cai X, Hou SC, Wu HW, Lv ZB, Fu YP, Wang D, Zhang C, Kafafy H, Chu ZZ, Zou DC (2012) All-carbon electrode-based fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells. PCCP 14(1):125–130. doi:10.1039/C1cp22613d CrossRef

103.

Wang W, Zhao Q, Li H, Wu HW, Zou DC, Yu DP (2012) Transparent, double-sided, ITO-free, flexible dye-sensitized solar cells based on metal wire/ZnO nanowire arrays. Adv Funct Mater 22(13):2775–2782. doi:10.1002/adfm.201200168 CrossRef

104.

Cai FJ, Chen T, Peng HS (2012) All carbon nanotube fiber electrode-based dye-sensitized photovoltaic wire. J Mater Chem 22(30):14856–14860. doi:10.1039/C2jm32256k CrossRef

105.

Huang S, Zhang Q, Huang X, Guo X, Deng M, Li D, Luo Y, Shen Q, Toyoda T, Meng Q (2010) Fibrous CdS/CdSe quantum dot co-sensitized solar cells based on ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays. Nanotechnology 21(37):375201. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/21/37/375201 CrossRef

106.

Chen H, Zhu L, Wang M, Liu H, Li W (2011) Wire-shaped quantum dots-sensitized solar cells based on nanosheets and nanowires. Nanotechnology 22(47):475402. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/22/47/475402 CrossRef

107.

Weintraub B, Wei YG, Wang ZL (2009) Optical fiber/nanowire hybrid structures for efficient three-dimensional dye-sensitized solar cells. Angew Chem Int Edit 48(47):8981–8985. doi:10.1002/anie.200904492 CrossRef

108.

Zhang S, Ji CY, Bian ZQ, Liu RH, Xia XY, Yun DQ, Zhang LH, Huang CH, Cao AY (2011) Single-wire dye-sensitized solar cells wrapped by carbon nanotube film electrodes. Nano Lett 11(8):3383–3387. doi:10.1021/Nl201790w CrossRef

109.

Yang ZB, Sun H, Chen T, Qiu LB, Luo YF, Peng HS (2013) Photovoltaic wire derived from a graphene composite fiber achieving an 8.45% energy conversion efficiency. Angew Chem Int Edit 52(29):7545–7548. doi:10.1002/anie.201301776

Titel: Overview of Solar Photovoltaic Technology
verfasst von: Dr. Shaocong Hou
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Fiber Solar Cells
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-2862-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-2864-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2864-9_1