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2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Parks and Stadiums Until 1960

verfasst von : James T. Bennett

Erschienen in: They Play, You Pay

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

Before they were ballparks, they were “baseball grounds,” and since people seem naturally to be drawn to watching sports played at a high level of skill, those who sponsored the game soon got the idea of fencing off the grounds “for the sole purpose of keeping freeloaders from viewing the game,” as Michael Benson writes in his encyclopedic Ballparks of North America (1989).1

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Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 1989), p. xxvi. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 1989), p. xxvi.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Early Years (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989/1960), p. 48. Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Early Years (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989/1960), p. 48.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Warren Goldstein, Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989), p. 114. Warren Goldstein, Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989), p. 114.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Early Years, p. 52. Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Early Years, p. 52.
6.
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7.
Zurück zum Zitat Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Early Years, p. 52. Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Early Years, p. 52.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dennis Purdy, Kiss ‘em Goodbye: An ESPN Treasury of Failed, Forgotten, and Departed Teams (New York: ESPN Books, 2010), p. 215. Dennis Purdy, Kiss ‘em Goodbye: An ESPN Treasury of Failed, Forgotten, and Departed Teams (New York: ESPN Books, 2010), p. 215.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Early Years, p. 192. Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Early Years, p. 192.
10.
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12.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 13. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 13.
13.
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14.
Zurück zum Zitat Steven A. Riess, “Professional Sunday Baseball: A Study in Social Reform, 1892–1934,” Maryland Historian, Vol. IV (Fall 1973): 95. Steven A. Riess, “Professional Sunday Baseball: A Study in Social Reform, 1892–1934,” Maryland Historian, Vol. IV (Fall 1973): 95.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Steven A. Riess, Touching Base: Professional Baseball and American Culture in the Progressive Era (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1980), p. 95. Steven A. Riess, Touching Base: Professional Baseball and American Culture in the Progressive Era (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1980), p. 95.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 304. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 304.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Golden Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989/1971), p. 51. Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Golden Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989/1971), p. 51.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, pp. 312–13. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, pp. 312–13.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat “Plan $6,000,000 Park at Coogan’s Bluff,” New York Times, May 5, 1911. “Plan $6,000,000 Park at Coogan’s Bluff,” New York Times, May 5, 1911.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat “Andrew Freedman,” BaseballLibrary.com. “Andrew Freedman,” BaseballLibrary.com.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 264. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 264.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Steven A. Riess, “The Baseball Magnates and Urban Politics in the Progressive Era: 1895–1920”: 54. Steven A. Riess, “The Baseball Magnates and Urban Politics in the Progressive Era: 1895–1920”: 54.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 265. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 265.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Steven A. Riess, Touching Base: Professional Baseball and American Culture in the Progressive Era, p. 72. Steven A. Riess, Touching Base: Professional Baseball and American Culture in the Progressive Era, p. 72.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson W. Aldrich, Old Money: The Mythology of Wealth in America (New York: Allworth Press, 1997), p. 246. Nelson W. Aldrich, Old Money: The Mythology of Wealth in America (New York: Allworth Press, 1997), p. 246.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat “Yanks Pick Firm to Build Stadium,” New York Times, April 19, 1922. “Yanks Pick Firm to Build Stadium,” New York Times, April 19, 1922.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 63. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 63.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee Elihu Lowenfish, “A Tale of Many Cities: The Westward Expansion of Major League Baseball in the 1950’s,” Journal of the West, Vol. 17, No. 3 (July 1978): 77. Lee Elihu Lowenfish, “A Tale of Many Cities: The Westward Expansion of Major League Baseball in the 1950’s,” Journal of the West, Vol. 17, No. 3 (July 1978): 77.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 39–40. Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 39–40.
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas S. Hines, “Housing, Baseball, and Creeping Socialism: The Battle of Chavez Ravine, Los Angeles: 1949–1959,” Journal of Urban History, Vol. 8, No. 2 (February 1982): 130–31. Thomas S. Hines, “Housing, Baseball, and Creeping Socialism: The Battle of Chavez Ravine, Los Angeles: 1949–1959,” Journal of Urban History, Vol. 8, No. 2 (February 1982): 130–31.
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. 88. Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. 88.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat George Lipsitz, “Sports Stadia and Urban Development: A Tale of Three Cities,” Journal of Sport and Social Issues, No. 8, Vol. 1 (1984): 9. George Lipsitz, “Sports Stadia and Urban Development: A Tale of Three Cities,” Journal of Sport and Social Issues, No. 8, Vol. 1 (1984): 9.
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas S. Hines, “Housing, Baseball, and Creeping Socialism: The Battle of Chavez Ravine, Los Angeles: 1949–1959”: 149. Thomas S. Hines, “Housing, Baseball, and Creeping Socialism: The Battle of Chavez Ravine, Los Angeles: 1949–1959”: 149.
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Cary S. Henderson, “Los Angeles and the Dodger War, 1957–1962,” Southern California Quarterly, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Fall 1980): 268. Cary S. Henderson, “Los Angeles and the Dodger War, 1957–1962,” Southern California Quarterly, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Fall 1980): 268.
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. 117. Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. 117.
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Arthur T. Johnson, “Municipal Administration and the Sports Franchise Relocation Issue,” Public Administration Review: 521. Arthur T. Johnson, “Municipal Administration and the Sports Franchise Relocation Issue,” Public Administration Review: 521.
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Cary S. Henderson, “Los Angeles and the Dodger War, 1957–1962,” Southern California Quarterly: 263. Cary S. Henderson, “Los Angeles and the Dodger War, 1957–1962,” Southern California Quarterly: 263.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Barry Jacobs, “Sentimental Journey: Brooklyn after the Dodgers,” New York Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 4 (1983): 140. Barry Jacobs, “Sentimental Journey: Brooklyn after the Dodgers,” New York Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 4 (1983): 140.
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Cary S. Henderson, “Los Angeles and the Dodger War, 1957–1962,” Southern California Quarterly: 263. Cary S. Henderson, “Los Angeles and the Dodger War, 1957–1962,” Southern California Quarterly: 263.
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. viii. Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. viii.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Cary S. Henderson, “Los Angeles and the Dodger War, 1957–1962,” Southern California Quarterly: 282. Cary S. Henderson, “Los Angeles and the Dodger War, 1957–1962,” Southern California Quarterly: 282.
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. 195. Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. 195.
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Robert A. Baade, “Stadiums, Professional Sports, and Economic Development: Assessing the Reality,” Heartland Institute of Chicago Policy Study No. 62, April 4, 1994, p. 24. Robert A. Baade, “Stadiums, Professional Sports, and Economic Development: Assessing the Reality,” Heartland Institute of Chicago Policy Study No. 62, April 4, 1994, p. 24.
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Barry Jacobs, “Sentimental Journey: Brooklyn after the Dodgers,” New York Affairs: 139. Barry Jacobs, “Sentimental Journey: Brooklyn after the Dodgers,” New York Affairs: 139.
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. x. Neil J. Sullivan, The Dodgers Move West, p. x.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Robert F. Bluthardt, “Fenway Park and the Golden Age of the Baseball Park, 1909–1915,” Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Summer 1987): 50. Robert F. Bluthardt, “Fenway Park and the Golden Age of the Baseball Park, 1909–1915,” Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Summer 1987): 50.
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 408. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 408.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat George C. Rable, “Patriotism, Platitudes and Politics: Baseball and the American Presidency,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Spring 1989): 363. George C. Rable, “Patriotism, Platitudes and Politics: Baseball and the American Presidency,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Spring 1989): 363.
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 410. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 410.
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Bill Veeck with Ed Linn, Veeck as in Wreck: The Autobiography of Bill Veeck (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001/1962), p. 285. The puckish Veeck enjoyed roasting his fellow owners’ hypocrisy. “We play the Star Spangled Banner before every game,” he cracked. “You want us to pay taxes too?” Quoted in Dennis Coates and Brad R. Humphreys, “The Stadium Gambit and Local Economic Development,” Regulation, Vol. 23, No. 2 (June 2000): 15. Bill Veeck with Ed Linn, Veeck as in Wreck: The Autobiography of Bill Veeck (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001/1962), p. 285. The puckish Veeck enjoyed roasting his fellow owners’ hypocrisy. “We play the Star Spangled Banner before every game,” he cracked. “You want us to pay taxes too?” Quoted in Dennis Coates and Brad R. Humphreys, “The Stadium Gambit and Local Economic Development,” Regulation, Vol. 23, No. 2 (June 2000): 15.
76.
Zurück zum Zitat James Edward Miller, “The Dowager of 33rd Street: Memorial Stadium and the Politics of Big-Time Sports in Maryland, 1954–1991,” Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol. 87, No. 2 (Summer 1992): 190–91. James Edward Miller, “The Dowager of 33rd Street: Memorial Stadium and the Politics of Big-Time Sports in Maryland, 1954–1991,” Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol. 87, No. 2 (Summer 1992): 190–91.
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Bill Veeck with Ed Linn, Veeck as in Wreck: The Autobiography of Bill Veeck, p. 288. Bill Veeck with Ed Linn, Veeck as in Wreck: The Autobiography of Bill Veeck, p. 288.
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee Elihu Lowenfish, “A Tale of Many Cities: The Westward Expansion of Major League Baseball in the 1950’s”: 72. Lee Elihu Lowenfish, “A Tale of Many Cities: The Westward Expansion of Major League Baseball in the 1950’s”: 72.
80.
Zurück zum Zitat In the 1950s, the moves of Boston to Milwaukee, New York to San Francisco, and Brooklyn to Los Angeles were approved by unanimous votes, as was the move of St. Louis to Baltimore after Bill Veeck sold the team. Veeck’s earlier attempts to move were twice rejected. Philadelphia’s move to Kansas City was approved by 7–1. James Quirk, “An Economic Analysis of Team Movements in Professional Sports,” Law & Contemporary Problems, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Winter-Spring 1973): 50. In the 1950s, the moves of Boston to Milwaukee, New York to San Francisco, and Brooklyn to Los Angeles were approved by unanimous votes, as was the move of St. Louis to Baltimore after Bill Veeck sold the team. Veeck’s earlier attempts to move were twice rejected. Philadelphia’s move to Kansas City was approved by 7–1. James Quirk, “An Economic Analysis of Team Movements in Professional Sports,” Law & Contemporary Problems, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Winter-Spring 1973): 50.
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Dean V. Baim The Sports Stadium as a Municipal Investment (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994), p. 21. Dean V. Baim The Sports Stadium as a Municipal Investment (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994), p. 21.
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee Elihu Lowenfish, “A Tale of Many Cities: The Westward Expansion of Major League Baseball in the 1950’s”: 74. Lee Elihu Lowenfish, “A Tale of Many Cities: The Westward Expansion of Major League Baseball in the 1950’s”: 74.
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Glen Gendzel, “Competitive Boosterism: How Milwaukee Lost the Braves,” Business History Review, Vol. 69, No. 4 (Winter 1995): 536–37. Glen Gendzel, “Competitive Boosterism: How Milwaukee Lost the Braves,” Business History Review, Vol. 69, No. 4 (Winter 1995): 536–37.
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Douglas S. Powell, “Is Big League Baseball Good Municipal Business?” The American City (November 1957): 111. Douglas S. Powell, “Is Big League Baseball Good Municipal Business?” The American City (November 1957): 111.
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Neil J. Sullivan, “Major League Baseball and American Cities: A Strategy for Playing the Stadium Game,” in The Economics and Politics of Sports Facilities, edited by Wilbur C. Rich (Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 2000), p. 175. Neil J. Sullivan, “Major League Baseball and American Cities: A Strategy for Playing the Stadium Game,” in The Economics and Politics of Sports Facilities, edited by Wilbur C. Rich (Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 2000), p. 175.
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Golden Age, p. 402. Harold Seymour, Baseball: The Golden Age, p. 402.
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Harold Seymour, Baseball: The People’s Game (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 70. Harold Seymour, Baseball: The People’s Game (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 70.
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 17. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 17.
95.
Zurück zum Zitat “Milestones,” Time, May 26, 1947. “Milestones,” Time, May 26, 1947.
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Steven A. Riess, “Historical Perspectives on Sports and Public Policy,” in Rich, The Economics and Politics of Sports Facilities, p. 18. Steven A. Riess, “Historical Perspectives on Sports and Public Policy,” in Rich, The Economics and Politics of Sports Facilities, p. 18.
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Perry Duis and Glen E. Holt, “The Classic Problem of Solider Field,” Chicago (April 1978): 170. Perry Duis and Glen E. Holt, “The Classic Problem of Solider Field,” Chicago (April 1978): 170.
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Steven A. Riess, “Power Without Authority: Los Angeles’ Elites and the Construction of the Coliseum,” Journal of Sport History, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Spring 1981): 51–52. Steven A. Riess, “Power Without Authority: Los Angeles’ Elites and the Construction of the Coliseum,” Journal of Sport History, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Spring 1981): 51–52.
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 110. Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia of Baseball Grounds, Yards and Stadiums, 1845 to 1988, p. 110.
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Dean V. Baim The Sports Stadium as a Municipal Investment (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994), p. 1. Dean V. Baim The Sports Stadium as a Municipal Investment (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994), p. 1.
Metadaten
Titel
Parks and Stadiums Until 1960
verfasst von
James T. Bennett
Copyright-Jahr
2012
Verlag
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3332-3_3