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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Pharmaceuticals and Groundwater Resources

verfasst von : Matteo D’Alessio, Chittaranjan Ray

Erschienen in: Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Due to advances in analytical techniques and increasing concerns related to the potential impact on aquatic and terrestrial organisms, the reported occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater has significantly increased during the past two decades. This chapter provides an overview of the detection of pharmaceutical, life-style, and endocrine disruptor compounds in groundwater from five geographical areas (Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Europe, and North America). The occurrence of these compounds has been linked to the four major sources of contamination: agricultural practices/wastes, landfill, septic tanks, and wastewater. The concentration of the detected compounds ranged between ng/L and μg/L. Pharmaceutical compounds, in particular antibiotic and analgesic/anti-inflammatory, represent the most common group detected in groundwater, regardless of the geographic location. Carbamazepine (anticonvulsant), sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic), and caffeine (life-style) represent the three most common compounds detected in groundwater. The occurrence of the detected compounds in groundwater is primarily related to wastewater and/or agricultural practices/wastes. None of the detected compounds has been linked to all four major sources of contamination. However, five compounds (ibuprofen, paracetamol, triclosan, caffeine and cotinine) have been linked to three sources of contamination such as wastewater, landfill, and septic tanks.

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Titel: Pharmaceuticals and Groundwater Resources
verfasst von: Matteo D’Alessio
Chittaranjan Ray
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32006-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-32008-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32008-3_5

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Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"