Photoinduced and Microbial Degradation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters

Allard B, Boren H, Pettersson C, Zhang G (1994) Degradation of humic substances by UV irradiation. Environ Int 20:97–101CrossRef

Allen JM, Lucas S, Allen SK (1996) Formation of hydroxyl radical (· OH) in illuminated surface waters contaminated with acidic mine drainage. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:107–113

Amador JA, Alexander M, Zika RG (1989) Sequential photochemical and microbial degradation of organic molecules bound to humic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:2843–2849

Amon RMW, Benner R (1994) Rapid cycling of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter in the ocean. Nature 369:549–552CrossRef

Amon R, Benner R (1996) Photochemical and microbial consumption of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved oxygen in the Amazon River system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:1783–1792CrossRef

Anastasio C, Newberg JT (2007) Sources and sinks of hydroxyl radical in sea-salt particles. J Geophys Res 112:D10306. doi:10.1029/2006JD008061 CrossRef

Arakaki T, Faust BC (1998) Sources, sinks, and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical (•OH) photoproduction and consumption in authentic acidic continental cloud waters from Whiteface mountain, New York: The role of the Fe (r)(r = II, III) photochemical cycle. J Geophys Res 103:3487–3504CrossRef

Arakaki T, Miyake T, Shibata M, Sakugawa H (1999) Photochemical formation and scavenging of hydroxyl radical in rain and dew waters. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 5:335–340 (In Japanese)CrossRef

Arundhati Pal AKP (2008) Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: central elements in heavy metal bioremediation. Ind J Microbiol 48:49–64CrossRef

Asmus K-D, Bonifačič M (1999) Sulfur-centered reactive intermediates as studied by radiation chemical and complementary techniques. In: Alfassi ZB (Ed), S-centered radicals, the chemistry of free radicals. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. Chapter 5, pp 141–191

Asmus K, Möckel H, Henglein A (1973) Pulse radiolytic study of the site of hydroxyl radical attack on aliphatic alcohols in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem 77:1218–1221CrossRef

Assel M, Laenen R, Laubereau A (1998) Ultrafast electron trapping in an aqueous NaCl-solution. Chem Phys Lett 289:267–274CrossRef

Atkinson R (1986) Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds under atmospheric conditions. Chem Rev 86:69–201CrossRef

Atkinson R (1987) A structure-activity relationship for the estimation of rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with organic compounds. Int J Chem Kinet 19:799–828CrossRef

Atlas E, Lueb R, Madronich S, Prezelin B, Smith R (1994) Dissolved trace gas measurements and UV effects near the Antarctic Peninsula during ICECOLORS’93. EOS Trans AGU 75:377

Azam F, Cho B (1987) Bacterial utilization of organic matter in the sea. In: Fletcher M, Gray TRG, Jones JG (Eds), Ecology of microbial communities, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 261–281

Baker A, Inverarity R (2004) Protein-like fluorescence intensity as a possible tool for determining river water quality. Hydrol Process 18:2927–2945CrossRef

Ballaré CL, Caldwell MM, Flint SD, Robinson S, Bornman JF (2011) Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial ecosystems. Patterns, mechanisms, and interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:226–241CrossRef

Banat IM, Nedwell DB, Balba MT (1983) Stimulation of methanogenesis by slurries of saltmarsh sediment after the addition of molybdate to inhibit sulphate-reducing bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 129:123–129

Barbiero RP, Tuchman ML (2004) The deep chlorophyll maximum in lake superior. J Great Lakes Res 30:256–268CrossRef

Basiliko N, Yavitt JB, Dees P, Merkel S (2003) Methane biogeochemistry and methanogen communities in two northern peatland ecosystems, New York State. Geomicrobiol J 20:563–577CrossRef

Benner R, Biddanda B (1998) Photochemical transformations of surface and deep marine dissolved organic matter: effects on bacterial growth. Limnol Oceanogr 43:1373–1378CrossRef

Benner R, Kaiser K (2003) Abundance of amino sugars and peptidoglycan in marine particulate and dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 48:118–128

Benner R, Ziegler S (1999) Do photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter produce biorefractory as well as bioreactive substrates? Microbial Biosystems: New Frontiers Procee 8th Int Sym On Microb Ecol In: Bell CR, Brylinsky M, Johnson-Green P (Ed) Atlantic Canada Soc for Micrb Ecol Halifax, Canada

Benson SW (1976) Thermochemical kinetics: methods for the estimation of thermochemical data and rate parameters. 2nd Edn,Wiley, Now York

Bertilsson S, Allard B (1996) Sequential photochemical and microbial degradation of refractory dissolved organic matter in a humic freshwater system. Ergebn Limnol 48:133–141

Bertilsson S, Tranvik LJ (1998) Photochemically produced carboxylic acids as substrates for freshwater bacterioplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 43:885–895CrossRef

Bertilsson S, Tranvik LJ (2000) Photochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter in lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 45:753–762CrossRef

Bertilsson S, Stepanauskas R, Cuadros-Hansson R, Granéli W, Wikner J, Tranvik L (1999) Photochemically induced changes in bioavailable carbon and nitrogen pools in a boreal watershed. Aquat Microb Ecol 19:47–56CrossRef

Biddanda B, Benner R (1997) Carbon, nitrogen, and carbohydrate fluxes during the production of particulate and dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 42:506–518CrossRef

Billamboz N, Grivet M, Foley S, Baldacchino G, Hubinois JC (2010) Radiolysis of the polyethylene/water system: studies on the role of hydroxyl radical. Radiat Phys Chem 79:36–40CrossRef

Blokhina O, Virolainen E, Fagerstedt KV (2003) Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Ann Botany 91:179–194CrossRef

Blough NV, del Vecchio R (2002) Chromophoric DOM in the coastal environment. In: Hansell DA, Carlson CA (eds) Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. Elsevier Science, USA, p 774

Blough NV, Zepp RG (1995) Reactive oxygen species in natural waters. In: Valentine JS, Foote CS (eds) Active oxygen in chemistry. Blackie Academic and Professional, New York, pp 280–333CrossRef

Blough N, Zafiriou O, Bonilla J (1993) Optical absorption spectra of waters from the Orinoco River outflow: terrestrial input of colored organic matter to the Caribbean. J Geophys Res 98:2271–2278CrossRef

Bolton J, Carter S (1994) Homogeneous photodegradation of pollutants in contaminated water: An introduction. In: Helz G, Zepp R, Crosby D (Eds), Aquatic and Surface Photochemistry. CRC press, Boca Raton. Chap 33

Borges A, Ruddick K, Schiettecatte LS, Delille B (2008) Net ecosystem production and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Scheldt estuarine plume. BMC Ecol 8:15CrossRef

Borisover M, Laor Y, Saadi I, Lado M, Bukhanovsky N (2011) Tracing organic footprints from industrial effluent discharge in recalcitrant riverine chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Water Air Soil Pollut 222:255–269CrossRef

Bräuer S, Yavitt J, Zinder S (2004) Methanogenesis in McLean Bog, an acidic peat bog in upstate New York: stimulation by H₂/CO₂ in the presence of rifampicin, or by low concentrations of acetate. Geomicrob J 21:433–443CrossRef

Bräuer SL, Cadillo-Quiroz H, Yashiro E, Yavitt JB, Zinder SH (2006) Isolation of a novel acidiphilic methanogen from an acidic peat bog. Nature 442:192–194CrossRef

Brezonik PL, Fulkerson-Brekken J (1998) Nitrate-induced photolysis in natural waters: controls on concentrations of hydroxyl radical photo-intermediates by natural scavenging agents. Environ Sci Technol 32:3004–3010CrossRef

Bronk DA (2002) Dynamics of DON. Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. In: Hansell DA, Carlson CA (eds) Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 153–249CrossRef

Brooks ML, Meyer JS, McKnight DM (2007) Photooxidation of wetland and riverine dissolved organic matter: altered copper complexation and organic composition. Hydrobiology 579:95–113CrossRef

Burdige DJ, Martens CS (1988) Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin: 10. The role of amino acids in sedimentary carbon and nitrogen cycling. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:1571–1584CrossRef

Burdige DJ, Kline SW, Chen W (2004) Fluorescent dissolved organic matter in marine sediment pore waters. Mar Chem 89:289–311CrossRef

Bushaw KL, Zepp RG, Tarr MA, Schulz-Jander D, Bourbonniere RA, Hodson RE, Miller WL, Bronk DA, Moran MA (1996) Photochemical release of biologically available nitrogen from aquatic dissolved organic matter. Nature 381:404–407CrossRef

Cadillo-Quiroz H, Bräuer S, Yashiro E, Sun C, Yavitt J, Zinder S (2006) Vertical profiles of methanogenesis and methanogens in two contrasting acidic peatlands in central New York State, USA. Environ Microbiol 8:1428–1440CrossRef

Cadillo-Quiroz H, Yavitt JB, Zinder SH, Thies JE (2010) Diversity and community structure of Archaea inhabiting the rhizoplane of two contrasting plants from an acidic bog. Microb Ecol 59:757–767CrossRef

Cai WJ (2011) Coastal ocean carbon paradox: CO₂ sinks or sites of terrestrial carbon incineration. Annu Rev Mar Sci 3:123–1453CrossRef

Cai WJ, Wang Y (1998) The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide in the estuarine waters of the Satilla and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia. Limnol Oceanogr 43:657–668CrossRef

Cai WJ, Wang Y, Hodson RE (1998) Acid-base properties of dissolved organic matter in the estuarine waters of Georgia, USA. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:473–483CrossRef

Cai WJ, Pomeroy LR, Moran MA, Wang Y (1999) Oxygen and carbon dioxide mass balance for the estuarine-intertidal marsh complex of five rivers in the southeastern US. Limnol Oceanogr 44:639–649CrossRef

Calace N, Palmieri N, Mirante S, Petronio B, Pietroletti M (2006) Dissolved and particulate humic substances in water channels in the historic centre of Venice. Water Res 40:1109–1118CrossRef

Call D, Logan BE (2008) Hydrogen production in a single chamber microbial electrolysis cell lacking a membrane. Environ Sci Technol 42:3401–3406CrossRef

Carlsson P, Segatto AZ, Graneli E (1993) Nitrogen bound to humic matter of terrestrial origin-a nitrogen pool for coastal phytoplankton? Mar Ecol Prog Ser 97:105–116CrossRef

Carpenter SR, Cole JJ, Kitchell JF, Pace ML (1998) Impact of dissolved organic carbon, phosphorus, and grazing on phytoplankton biomass and production in experimental lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 43:73–80CrossRef

Carrillo P, Medina-Sánchez JM, Villar-Argaiz M (2002) The interaction of phytoplankton and bacteria in a high mountain lake: importance of the spectral composition of solar radiation. Limnol Oceanogr 47:1294–1306CrossRef

Casper P, Chim Chan O, Furtado ALS, Adams DD (2003) Methane in an acidic bog lake: The influence of peat in the catchment on the biogeochemistry of methane. Aquat Sci 65:36–46CrossRef

Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A (1979) Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol Rev 59:527–605

Chaudhuri SK, Lovley DR (2003) Electricity generation by direct oxidation of glucose in mediatorless microbial fuel cells. Nature Biotechnol 21:1229–1232CrossRef

Chefetz B (2002)

Chen RZ, Pignatello JJ (1997) Role of quinone intermediates as electron shuttles in Fenton and photo assisted Fenton oxidations of aromatic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 31:2399–2406CrossRef

Chen Y, Khan S, Schnitzer M (1978) Ultraviolet irradiation of dilute fulvic acid solutions. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42:292–296CrossRef

Chen JH, Lion LW, Ghiorse WC, Shuler ML (1995) Mobilization of adsorbed cadmium and lead in aquifer material by bacterial extracellular polymers. Water Res 29:421–430CrossRef

Chen YL, Chen HY, Lee WH, Hung CC, Wong GTF, Kanda J (2001) New production in the East China Sea, comparison between well-mixed winter and stratified summer conditions. Contin Shelf Res 21:751–764CrossRef

Cheng S, Logan BE (2007) Sustainable and efficient biohydrogen production via electrohydrogenesis. Proc Natl Aca Sci 104:18871CrossRef

Chin YP, Miller PL, Zeng L, Cawley K, Weavers LK (2004) Photosensitized degradation of bisphenol A by dissolved organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 38:5888–5894CrossRef

Choudhry GG (1981) Humic substances Part II†: photophysical, photochemical and free radical characteristics. Toxicol Environ Chem 4:261–295CrossRef

Clark CD, Hiscocka WT, Millero FJ, Hitchcock G, Brand L, Miller WL, Ziolkowski L, Chen RF, Zika RG (2004) CDOM distribution and CO2 production on the Southwest Florida Shelf. Mar Chem 89:145–167CrossRef

Coble PG (1996) Characterization of marine and terrestrial DOM in seawater using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. Mar Chem 51:325–346CrossRef

Coble PG (2007) Marine optical biogeochemistry: the chemistry of ocean color. Chem Rev 107:402–418CrossRef

Coleman ML, Hedrick DB, Lovley DR, White DC, Pye K (1993) Reduction of Fe(III) in sediments by sulphate-reducing bacteria. Nature 361:436–438CrossRef

Conrad R (1999) Contribution of hydrogen to methane production and control of hydrogen concentrations in methanogenic soils and sediments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 28:193–202CrossRef

Conrad R, Seiler W (1980) Photooxidative production and microbial consumption of carbon monoxide in seawater. FEMS Microbiol Lett 9:61–64CrossRef

Conrad R, Bak F, Seitz H, Thebrath B, Mayer H, Schütz H (1989a) Hydrogen turnover by psychrotrophic homoacetogenic and mesophilic methanogenic bacteria in anoxic paddy soil and lake sediment. FEMS Microbiol Lett 62:285–293CrossRef

Conrad R, Mayer HP, Wüst M (1989b) Temporal change of gas metabolism by hydrogen-syntrophic methanogenic bacterial associations in anoxic paddy soil. FEMS Microbiol Lett 62:265–273CrossRef

Cook R, Kelly C, Schindler D, Turner M (1986) Mechanisms of hydrogen ion neutralization in an experimentally acidified lake. Limnol Oceanogr 31:134–148CrossRef

Cooper WJ, Zika RG, Petasne RG, Plane JMC (1988) Photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in natural waters exposed to sunlight. Environ Sci Technol 22:1156–1160CrossRef

Cooper WJ, Zika RG, Petasne RG, Fischer AM (1989) Sunlight-induced photochemistry of humic substances in natural waters: major reactive species. Adv Chem Ser 219:333–362CrossRef

Cord-Ruwisch R, Seitz HJ, Conrad R (1988) The capacity of hydrogenotrophic anaerobic bacteria to compete for traces of hydrogen depends on the redox potential of the terminal electron acceptor. Arch Microbiol 149:350–357CrossRef

Corin N, Backlund P, Kulovaara M (1996) Degradation products formed during UV-irradiation of humic waters. Chemosphere 33:245–255CrossRef

Crill PM, Martens CS (1983) Spatial and temporal fluctuations of methane production in anoxic coastal marine sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 28:1117–1130CrossRef

Cuny P, Marty JC, Chiavérini J, Vescovali I, Raphel D, Rontani JF (2002) One-year seasonal survey of the chlorophyll photodegradation process in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Res Part II 49:1987–2005CrossRef

Dahlén J, Bertilsson S, Pettersson C (1996) Effects of UV-A irradiation on dissolved organic matter in humic surface waters. Environ Int 22:501–506CrossRef

Darakas E (2002) E. coli kinetics-effect of temperature on the maintenance and respectively the decay phase. Environ Monitor Assess 78:101–110CrossRef

de Haan H (1993) Solar UV-light penetration and photodegradation of humic substances in peaty lake water. Limnol Oceanogr 38:1072–1076CrossRef

del Vecchio R, Blough NV (2002) Photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters: kinetics and modeling. Mar Chem 78:231–253CrossRef

Deshmukh AP, Chen Y, Tarchitzky J, Chefetz B, Hatcher PG (2002) Structural characterization of soil organic matter and humic acids in particle-size fractions of an agricultural soil. Soil Sci Soc Am J 66:129–141CrossRef

Dobrović S, Juretić H, Ružinski N (2007) Photodegradation of natural organic matter in water with UV irradiation at 185 and 254 nm: importance of hydrodynamic conditions on the decomposition rate. Sep Sci Technol 42:1421–1432CrossRef

Dreybrodt W (1988) Processes in karst systems, physics, chemistry, and geology

Dunfield P, Dumont R, Moore TR (1993) Methane production and consumption in temperate and subarctic peat soils: response to temperature and pH. Soil Biol Biochem 25:321–326CrossRef

Dupré B, Dessert C, Oliva P, Goddéris Y, Viers J, François L, Millot R, Gaillardet J (2003) Rivers, chemical weathering and Earth’s climate. CR Geosci 335:1141–1160CrossRef

Ebner S, Jaun B, Goenrich M, Thauer R, Harmer J (2010) Binding of coenzyme B induces a major conformational change in the active site of methyl-coenzyme M reductase. JACS 132:567–575CrossRef

EPI (2007) Science advisory board review of the estimation programs interface (EPI) suite; office of the administrator science advisory board (SAB). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington

Fang TH (2004) Phosphorus speciation and budget of the East China Sea. Contin Shelf Res 24:1285–1299CrossRef

Farmer CT, Moore CA, Zika RG, Sikorski RJ (1993) Effects of low and high orinoco river flow on the underwater light field of the Eastern Caribbean basin. J Geophys Res 98:2279–2288CrossRef

Fenton HJ (1894) Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron. J Chem Soc 65:899–910CrossRef

Fichot CG, Miller WL (2010) An approach to quantify depth-resolved marine photochemical fluxes using remote sensing: Application to carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction. Remote Sens Environ 114:1363–1377CrossRef

Francko DA, Heath RT (1982) UV-sensitive complex phosphorus: association with dissolved humic material and iron in a bog lake. Limnol Oceanogr 27:564–569CrossRef

Fu P, Mostofa KMG, Wu F, Liu CQ, Li W, Liao H, Wang L, Wang J, Mei Y (2010) Excitation-emission matrix characterization of dissolved organic matter sources in two eutrophic lakes (Southwestern China Plateau). Geochem J 44:99

Fujiwara K, Ushiroda T, Takeda K, Kumamoto YI, Tsubota H (1993) Diurnal and seasonal distribution of hydrogen peroxide in seawater of the Seto Inland Sea. Geochem J 27:103–115CrossRef

Fujiwara K, Takeda K, Kumamoto Y (1995) Generations of carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen peroxide in the Seto Inland Sea—Photochemical reactions progressing in the coastal seawater. In: Sakai H, Nozaki Y (eds) Biogeochemical processes and Ocean flux in the Western Pacific. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp 101–127

Fukuzaki S, Nishio N, Nagai S (1990) Kinetics of the methanogenic fermentation of acetate. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:3158–3163

Galand PE, Saarnio S, Fritze H, Yrjälä K (2002) Depth related diversity of methanogen Archaea in Finnish oligotrophic fen. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 42:441–449CrossRef

Galand P, Fritze H, Conrad R, Yrjälä K (2005) Pathways for methanogenesis and diversity of methanogenic archaea in three boreal peatland ecosystems. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:2195–2198CrossRef

Galchenko V (1994) Sulfate Reduction, methane production, and methane oxidation in various water bodies of Banger-Hills Oasis of Antarctica. Microbiology 63:388–396

Gao H, Zepp RG (1998) Factors influencing photoreactions of dissolved organic matter in a coastal river of the southeastern United States. Environ Sci Technol 32:2940–2946CrossRef

Gennings C, Molot LA, Dillon PJ (2001) Enhanced photochemical loss of organic carbon in acidic waters. Biogeochemistry 52:339–354CrossRef

Getoff N (1991) Radiation-and photoinduced degradation of pollutants in water. A comparative study. Radiat Phys Chem 37:673–680

Getoff N, Schwoerer F, Markovic V, Sehested K, Nielsen SO (1971) Pulse radiolysis of oxalic acid and oxalates. J Phys Chem 75:749–755CrossRef

Goldstone J, Pullin M, Bertilsson S, Voelker B (2002) Reactions of hydroxyl radical with humic substances: bleaching, mineralization, and production of bioavailable carbon substrates. Environ Sci Technol 36:364–372CrossRef

Goodwin S, Zeikus JG (1987) Ecophysiological adaptations of anaerobic bacteria to low pH: analysis of anaerobic digestion in acidic bog sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:57–64

Goodwin S, Conrad R, Zeikus J (1988) Influence of pH on microbial hydrogen metabolism in diverse sedimentary ecosystems. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:590–593

Gopinathan C, Damle P, Hart EJ (1972) Gamma-Ray irradiated sodium chloride as a source of hydrated electrons. J Phys Chem 76:3694–3698CrossRef

Graneli W, Lindell M, Tranvik L (1996) Photo-oxidative production of dissolved inorganic carbon in lakes of different humic content. Limnol Oceanogr 41:698–706CrossRef

Graneli W, Lindell M, de Faria B, de Assis EF (1998) Photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon in temperate and tropical lakes-dependence on wavelength band and dissolved organic carbon concentration. Biogeochemistry 43:175–195CrossRef

Grebel JE, Pignatello JJ, Song W, Cooper WJ, Mitch WA (2009) Impact of halides on the photo bleaching of dissolved organic matter. Mar Chem 115:134–144CrossRef

Gron C, Wassenaar L, Krog M (1996) Origin and structures of groundwater humic substances from three Danish aquifers. Environ Int 22:519–534CrossRef

Guildford SJ, Hecky RE (2000) Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans: Is there a common relationship? Limnol Oceanogr 45:1213–1223CrossRef

Haag WR, Hoigné J (1985) Photo-sensitized oxidation in natural water via OH radicals. Chemosphere 14:1659–1671CrossRef

Haan H, Boer T, Halma G (1979) Curie point pyrolysis mass-spectrometry of fulvic acids from Tjeukemeer, The Netherlands. Freshwater Biol 9:315–317CrossRef

Häder DP, Helbling E, Williamson C, Worrest R (2011) Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:242–260CrossRef

Harvey HR, Tuttle JH, Bell JT (1995) Kinetics of phytoplankton decay during simulated sedimentation: Changes in biochemical composition and microbial activity under oxic and anoxic conditions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:3367–3377CrossRef

Hayase K, Shinozuka N (1995) Vertical distribution of fluorescent organic matter along with AOU and nutrients in the equatorial Central Pacific. Mar Chem 48:283–290CrossRef

Hedges J, Eglinton G, Hatcher P, Kirchman D, Arnosti C, Derenne S, Evershed R, Kögel-Knabner I, de Leeuw J, Littke R (2000) The molecularly-uncharacterized component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments. Org Geochem 31:945–958CrossRef

Hellpointner E, Gäb S (1989) Detection of methyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl hydroperoxides in air and precipitation. Nature 337:631–634CrossRef

Henrichs SM, Doyle AP (1986) Decomposition of 14 C-labeled organic substances in marine sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 31:765–778CrossRef

Herndl GJ, Müller-Niklas G, Frick J (1993) Major role of ultraviolet-B in controlling bacterio plankton growth in the surface layer of the ocean. Nature 361:717–719CrossRef

Hernes PJ, Benner R (2003) Photochemical and microbial degradation of dissolved lignin phenols: Implications for the fate of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in marine environments. J Geophys Res 108:3291–3299CrossRef

Herrmann H (2003) Kinetics of aqueous phase reactions relevant for atmospheric chemistry. Chem Rev 103:4691–4716CrossRef

Herrmann H, Hoffmann D, Schaefer T, Bräuer P, Tilgner A (2010) Tropospheric aqueous-phase free-radical chemistry: radical Sources, spectra, reaction kinetics and prediction tools. Chem Phys Chem 11:3796–3822CrossRef

Hewitt CN, Kok GL (1991) Formation and occurrence of organic hydroperoxides in the troposphere: laboratory and field observations. J Atmos Chem 12:181–194CrossRef

Holmes D, Bond D, O’neil R, Reimers C, Tender L, Lovley D (2004) Microbial communities associated with electrodes harvesting electricity from a variety of aquatic sediments. Microb Ecol 48:178–190CrossRef

Hongve D (1994) Sunlight degradation of aquatic humic substances. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 22:117–120CrossRef

Hopkinson CS, Vallino JJ, Nolin A (2002) Decomposition of dissolved organic matter from the continental margin. Deep Sea Res Part II 49:4461–4478CrossRef

Horn MA, Matthies C, Küsel K, Schramm A, Drake HL (2003) Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis by moderately acid-tolerant methanogens of a methane-emitting acidic peat. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:74–83CrossRef

Hornibrook ERC, Longstaffe FJ, Fyfe WS (2000) Evolution of stable carbon isotope compositions for methane and carbon dioxide in freshwater wetlands and other anaerobic environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:1013–1027CrossRef

Huber MM, Canonica S, Park GY, von Gunten U (2003) Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation and advanced oxidation processes. Environ Sci Technol 37:1016–1024CrossRef

Huisman J, Thi NNP, Karl DM, Sommeijer B (2006) Reduced mixing generates oscillations and chaos in the oceanic deep chlorophyll maximum. Nature 439:322–325CrossRef

Hulatt CJ, Thomas DN, Bowers DG, Norman L, Zhang C (2009) Exudation and decomposition of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from some temperate macroalgae. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 84:147–153CrossRef

Hur J (2011) Microbial changes in selected operational descriptors of dissolved organic matters from various sources in a watershed. Water Air Soil Pollut 215:465–476CrossRef

Itoh M, Ohte N, Koba K, Sugimoto A, Tani M (2008) Analysis of methane production pathways in a riparian wetland of a temperate forest catchment, using δ¹³C of pore water CH₄ and CO₂. J Geophys Res 113:G03005CrossRef

Ivanov M, Belyaev S, Laurinavichus K (1976) Methods of quantitative investigation of microbiological production and utilization of methane. In: Schlegel HG, Gottschalk G, Pfennig N (eds) Microbial production and utilization of gases. E Goltze, Göttingen, pp 63–67

Jackson A, Hewitt CN (1996) Hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide concentrations in air in a eucalyptus forest in central Portugal. Atmos Environ 30:819–830CrossRef

Jeong J, Yoon J (2005) pH effect on OH radical production in photo/ferrioxalate system. Water Res 39:2893–2900CrossRef

Jetten MSM, Stams AJM, Zehnder AJB (1992) Methanogenesis from acetate: a comparison of the acetate metabolism in Methanothrix soehngenii and Methanosarcina spp. FEMS Microbiol Lett 88:181–197CrossRef

Johannessen SC (2000) A photochemical sink for dissolved organic carbon in the ocean (176). PhD Thesis, Oceanography, Dalhousie University

Johannessen SC, Peña MA, Quenneville ML (2007) Photochemical production of carbon dioxide during a coastal phytoplankton bloom. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 73:236–242CrossRef

Johnson KS, Willason SW, Wiesenburg DA, Lohrenz SE, Arnone RA (1989) Hydrogen peroxide in the western Mediterranean Sea: A tracer for vertical advection. Deep Sea Res Part I 36:241–254CrossRef

Jones RD (1991) Carbon monoxide and methane distribution and consumption in the photic zone of the Sargasso Sea. Deep Sea Res Part I 38:625–635CrossRef

Jones RD, Amador JA (1993) Methane and carbon monoxide production, oxidation, and turnover times in the Caribbean Sea as influenced by the Orinoco River. J Geophys Res 98:2353–2359CrossRef

Jones R, Morita R (1984) Effect of several nitrification inhibitors on carbon monoxide and methane oxidation by ammonium oxidizers. Can J Microbiol 30:1276–1279CrossRef

Jones A, Shanklin J (1995) Continued decline of total ozone over Halley, Antarctica, since 1985. Nature 376:409–411CrossRef

Jones JG, Simon BM, Gardener S (1982) Factors affecting methanogenesis and associated anaerobic processes in the sediments of a stratified eutrophic lake. J Gen Microbiol 128:1

Jørgensen NOG, Tranvik L, Edling H, Granéli W, Lindell M (1998) Effects of sunlight on occurrence and bacterial turnover of specific carbon and nitrogen compounds in lake water. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 25:217–227CrossRef

Kaiser E, Sulzberger B (2004) Phototransformation of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the presence of abundant iron: effect on DOM bioavailability. Limnol Oceanogr 49:540–554CrossRef

Kang SF, Liao CH, Po ST (2000) Decolorization of textile wastewater by photo-Fenton oxidation technology. Chemosphere 41:1287–1294CrossRef

Karelson M (2000) Molecular descriptors in QSAR/QSPR. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: New York

Karentz D, Bothwell M, Coffin R, Hanson A, Herndl G, Kilham S, Lesser M, Lindell M, Moeller R, Morris D (1994) Impact of UV-B radiation on pelagic freshwater ecosystems: report of working group on bacteria and phytoplankton. Ergebn Limnol 43:31–31

Karl DM, Tien G (1997) Temporal variability in dissolved phosphorus concentrations in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Mar Chem 56:77–96CrossRef

Kashefi KK, Holmes DE, Lovley DR, Tor JM (2004) In: (Wilcock WS, DeLong EF, Kelley DS, Baross JA, Cary SC (Ed), The subseafloor biosphere at mid-ocean ridges, American Geophysical Union, Washington pp 199–211

Keppler F, Hamilton JTG, Braß M, Röckmann T (2006) Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature 439:187–191CrossRef

Kerr J, McElroy C (1993) Evidence for large upward trends of ultraviolet-B radiation linked to ozone depletion. Science 262:1032–1034CrossRef

Kieber DJ, McDaniel J, Mopper K (1989) Photochemical source of biological substrates in sea water: Implications for carbon cycling. Nature 341:637–639CrossRef

Kieber RJ, Zhou X, Mopper K (1990) Formation of carbonyl compounds from UV-induced photodegradation of humic substances in natural waters: Fate of riverine carbon in the sea. Limnol Oceanogr 35:1503–1515CrossRef

Kieber D, Mopper K, Qian J, Zafiriou O (2001) Photochemical formation of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater and its impact on the marine carbon cycle. Paper presented at the Session 2: Photochemical reactions in surface waters ASLO 2001, Albuquerque, February 12–16

Kim DJ, Kim SH (2006) Effect of nitrite concentration on the distribution and competition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in nitratation reactor systems and their kinetic characteristics. Water Res 40:887–894CrossRef

Kim C, Nishimura Y, Nagata T (2006) Role of dissolved organic matter in hypolimnetic mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in a large, monomictic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 51:70–78CrossRef

Kirchman DL, Suzuki Y, Garside C, Ducklow HW (1991) High turnover rates of dissolved organic carbon during a spring phytoplankton bloom. Nature 352:612–614CrossRef

Kirk J (1994) Optics of UV-B radiation in natural waters. Ergebn Limnol 43:1–16

Komada T, Schofield OME, Reimers CE (2002) Fluorescence characteristics of organic matter released from coastal sediments during resuspension. Mar Chem 79:81–97CrossRef

Komissarov G (1994) Photosynthesis: a new look. Sci Russia 5:52–55

Komissarov G (1995) Photosynthesis as a Physicochemical Process. Khim Fiz 14:20–28

Komissarov G (2003) Photosynthesis: the physical-chemical approach. J Adv Chem Phys 2:28–61

Kopacek J, Hejzlar J, Kana J, Porcal P, Klementova S (2003) Photochemical, chemical, and biological transformations of dissolved organic carbon and its effect on alkalinity production in acidified lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 48:106–117CrossRef

Koschorreck M, Wendt-Potthoff K, Scharf B, Richnow HH (2008) Methanogenesis in the sediment of the acidic Lake Caviahue in Argentina. J Volcanol Geothermal Res 178:197–204CrossRef

Kotelnikova S, Macario AJL, Pedersen K (1998) Methanobacterium subterraneum sp. nov., a new alkaliphilic, eurythermic and halotolerant methanogen isolated from deep granitic groundwater. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:357–367CrossRef

Kotsyurbenko O, Nozhevnikova A, Zavarzin G (1993) Methanogenic degradation of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria at low temperature. Chemosphere 27:1745–1761CrossRef

Kotsyurbenko O, Simankova M, Nozhevnikova A, Zhilina T, Bolotina N, Lysenko A, Osipov G (1995) New species of psychrophilic acetogens: Acetobacterium bakii sp. nov., A. paludosum sp. nov., A. fimetarium sp. nov. Arch Microbiol 163:29–34

Kotsyurbenko O, Nozhevnikova A, Soloviova T, Zavarzin G (1996) Methanogenesis at low temperatures by microflora of tundra wetland soil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 69:75–86CrossRef

Kotsyurbenko OR, Glagolev MV, Nozhevnikova AN, Conrad R (2001) Competition between homoacetogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea for hydrogen at low temperature. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 38:153–159CrossRef

Kotsyurbenko OR, Chin KJ, Glagolev MV, Stubner S, Simankova MV, Nozhevnikova AN, Conrad R (2004) Acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methane production and methanogenic populations in an acidic West-Siberian peat bog. Environ Microbiol 6:1159–1173CrossRef

Kotsyurbenko O, Friedrich M, Simankova M, Nozhevnikova A, Golyshin P, Timmis K, Conrad R (2007) Shift from acetoclastic to H2-dependent methanogenesis in a West Siberian peat bog at low pH values and isolation of an acidophilic Methanobacterium strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:2344–2348CrossRef

Kramer JB, Canonica S, Hoigné J, Kaschig J (1996) Degradation of fluorescent whitening agents in sunlit natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 30:2227–2234CrossRef

Kuivila K, Murray J, Devol A, Novelli P (1989) Methane production, sulfate reduction and competition for substrates in the sediments of Lake Washington. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:409–416CrossRef

Kujawinski EB, Longnecker K, Blough NV, Vecchio RD, Finlay L, Kitner JB, Giovannoni SJ (2009) Identification of possible source markers in marine dissolved organic matter using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:4384–4399CrossRef

Kulovaara M (1996) Light-induced degradation of aquatic humic substances by simulated sunlight. Int J Environ Anal Chem 62:85–95CrossRef

Kwok ESC, Atkinson R (1995) Estimation of hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants for gas-phase organic compounds using a structure-reactivity relationship: an update. Atmos Environ 29:1685–1695CrossRef

Laane R, Gieskes W, Kraay G, Eversdijk A (1985) Oxygen consumption from natural waters by photo-oxidizing processes. Neth J Sea Res 19:125–128CrossRef

Langvik VA, Akerback N, Holmbom B (1994) Characterization of aromatic structures in humic and fulvic acids. Environ Int 20:61–65CrossRef

Lansdown J, Quay P, King S (1992) CH₄ production via CO₂ reduction in a temperate bog: a source of δ¹³C-depleted CH₄. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:3493–3503CrossRef

Lapado JA, Barlaz MA (1997) Isolation and characterization of refuse methanogens. J Appl Microbiol 82:751–758CrossRef

Laurion I, Ventura M, Catalan J, Psenner R, Sommaruga R (2000) Attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in mountain lakes: Factors controlling the among-and within-lake variability. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1274–1288CrossRef

Lee HS, Rittmann BE (2009) Evaluation of metabolism using stoichiometry in fermentative biohydrogen. Biotechnol Bioeng 102:749–758CrossRef

Lee HS, Rittmann BE (2010) Characterization of energy losses in an upflow single-chamber microbial electrolysis cell. International J Hydrogen Energy 35:920–927CrossRef

Lee HS, Salerno MB, Rittmann BE (2008) Thermodynamic evaluation on H₂ production in glucose fermentation. Environ Sci Technol 42:2401–2407CrossRef

Leenheer J, Croue JP (2003) Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 37:18–26CrossRef

Lehmann MF, Bernasconi SM, Barbieri A, McKenzie JA (2002) Preservation of organic matter and alteration of its carbon and nitrogen isotope composition during simulated and in situ early sedimentary diagenesis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:3573–3584CrossRef

Letelier RM, Karl DM, Abbott MR, Bidigare RR (2004) Light driven seasonal patterns of chlorophyll and nitrate in the lower euphotic zone of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Limnol Oceanogr 49:508–519CrossRef

Li K, Crittenden J (2009) Computerized pathway elucidation for hydroxyl radical-induced chain reaction mechanisms in aqueous phase advanced oxidation processes. Environ Sci Technol 43:2831–2837CrossRef

Li C, Fang HHP (2007) Fermentative hydrogen production from wastewater and solid wastes by mixed cultures. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 37:1–39CrossRef

Li W, Wu F, Liu C, Fu P, Wang J, Mei Y, Wang L, Guo J (2008) Temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in two small lakes on the Southwestern China Plateau. Limnology 9:163–171CrossRef

Lindell MJ, Rai H (1994) Photochemical oxygen consumption in humic waters. Ergebn Limnol 43:145–145

Lindell M, Granéli W, Tranvik L (1996) Impact of solar (UV)-radiation on bacterial growth in lakes. Aquat Microb Ecol 11:135–141CrossRef

Liu K, Atkinson L, Chen C, Gao S, Hall J, Macdonald R, Talaue L (2000) Exploring continental margin carbon fluxes on a global scale. Eos Trans AGU 81(52):641. doi:10.1029/EO081i052p00641-01 CrossRef

Liu Z, Dreybrodt W, Wang H (2010) A new direction in effective accounting for the atmospheric CO₂ budget: Considering the combined action of carbonate dissolution, the global water cycle and photosynthetic uptake of DIC by aquatic organisms. Earth Sci Rev 99:162–172CrossRef

Logan BE, Regan JM (2006) Electricity-producing bacterial communities in microbial fuel cells. TRENDS in Microbiol 14:512–518CrossRef

Lohrenz SE, Cai WJ, Chen F, Chen X, Tuel M (2010) Seasonal variability in air-sea fluxes of CO₂ in a river-influenced coastal margin. J Geophys Res 115:C10034CrossRef

Lønborg C, Søndergaard M (2009) Microbial availability and degradation of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in two coastal areas. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 81:513–520CrossRef

Lønborg C, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Davidson K, Miller AEJ (2009a) Production of bioavailable and refractory dissolved organic matter by coastal heterotrophic microbial populations. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 82:682–688CrossRef

Lønborg C, Davidson K, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Miller AEJ (2009b) Bioavailability and bacterial degradation rates of dissolved organic matter in a temperate coastal area during an annual cycle. Mar Chem 113:219–226CrossRef

Lovley D (1991) Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. Microbiol Rev 55:259–287

Lovley DR (2006) Bug juice: harvesting electricity with microorganisms. Nature Rev Microbiol 4:497–508CrossRef

Lovley DR, Chapelle FH (1995) Deep subsurface microbial processes. Rev Geophys 33:365–381CrossRef

Lovley D, Klug M (1986) Model for the distribution of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis in freshwater sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:11–18CrossRef

Lovley DR, Phillips EJP (1987) Competitive mechanisms for inhibition of sulfate reduction and methane production in the zone of ferric iron reduction in sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:2636–2641

Lovley DR, Coates JD, Blunt-Harris EL, Phillips EJP, Woodward JC (1996) Humic substances as electron acceptors for microbial respiration. Nature 382:445–448CrossRef

Lovley DR, Holmes DE, Nevin KP (2004) Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. Adv Microb Physiol 49:219–286CrossRef

Lund V, Hongve D (1994) Ultraviolet irradiated water containing humic substances inhibits bacterial metabolism. Water Res 28:1111–1116CrossRef

Ma X, Green SA (2004) Photochemical transformation of dissolved organic carbon in lake superior–an in situ experiment. J Great Lakes Res 30:97–112CrossRef

Mack J, Bolton JR (1999) Photochemistry of nitrite and nitrate in aqueous solution: a review. J Photochem Photobiol, A 128:1–13CrossRef

Maddigapu P, Minella M, Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C (2011) Modeling phototransformation reactions in surface water bodies: 2, 4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol as a case study. Environ Sci Technol 45:209CrossRef

Madronich S (1992) Implications of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. Geophys Res Lett 19:37–40CrossRef

Maita Y, Montani S, Ishii J (1982) Early diagenesis of amino acids in Okhotsk Sea sediments. Deep Sea Res Part A 29:485–498CrossRef

Malcolm R (1985) Geochemistry of stream fulvic and humic substances

Malcolm RL (1990) The uniqueness of humic substances in each of soil, stream and marine environments. Analyt Chim Acta 232:19–30CrossRef

Managaki S, Takada H (2005) Fluorescent whitening agents in Tokyo Bay sediments: molecular evidence of lateral transport of land-derived particulate matter. Mar Chem 95:113–127CrossRef

McKnight D, Kimball B, Bencala K (1988) Iron photoreduction and oxidation in an acidic mountain stream. Science 240:637–640CrossRef

Meier J, Babenzien H-D, Wendt-Potthoff K (2004) Microbial cycling of iron and sulfur in sediments of acidic and pH-neutral mining lakes in Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany). Biogeochemistry 67:135–156CrossRef

Merga G, Schuchmann HP, Rao BSM, von Sonntag C (1996) ˙ OH radical-induced oxidation of chlorobenzene in aqueous solution in the absence and presence of oxygen. J Chem Soc, Perkin Trans 2:1097–1103

Midorikawa T, Tanoue E (1996) Extraction and characterization of organic ligands from oceanic water columns by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Mar Chem 52:157–171CrossRef

Midorikawa T, Tanoue E (1998) Molecular masses and chromophoric properties of dissolved organic ligands for copper (II) in oceanic water. Mar Chem 62:219–239CrossRef

Miles CJ, Brezonik PL (1981) Oxygen consumption in humic-colored waters by a photochemical ferrous-ferric catalytic cycle. Environ Sci Technol 15:1089–1095CrossRef

Milferstedt K, Youngblut ND, Whitaker RJ (2010) Spatial structure and persistence of methanogen populations in humic bog lakes. ISME J 4:764–776CrossRef

Miller WL (1998) Effects of UV radiation on aquatic humus: photochemical principles and experimental considerations. In: Hessen DO, Tranvik LJ (eds) Aquatic humic substances. Springer, Berlin, pp 125–144

Miller WL, Moran MA (1997) Interaction of photochemical and microbial processes in the degradation of refractory dissolved organic matter from a coastal marine environment. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1317–1324CrossRef

Miller WL, Zepp RG (1995) Photochemical production of dissolved inorganic carbon from terrestrial organic matter: significance to the oceanic organic. Geophys Res Lett 22:417–420CrossRef

Millero FJ, Sotolongo S (1989) The oxidation of Fe(II) with H₂O₂ in seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:1867–1873CrossRef

Minakata D, Crittenden J (2011) Linear free energy relationships between aqueous phase Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants and free energy of activation. Environ Sci Technol 45:3479–3486CrossRef

Minakata D, Li K, Westerhoff P, Crittenden J (2009) Development of a group contribution method to predict aqueous phase hydroxyl radical (HO^•) reaction rate constants. Environ Sci Technol 43:6220–6227CrossRef

Minakata D, Song W, Crittenden J (2011) Reactivity of aqueous phase hydroxyl radical with halogenated carboxylate anions: experimental and theoretical studies. Environ Sci Technol 45:6057–6065CrossRef

Minella M, Rogora M, Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C (2011) A model approach to assess the long-term trends of indirect photochemistry in lake water. The case of Lake Maggiore (NW Italy). Sci Total Environ 409:3463–3471CrossRef

Minero C, Chiron S, Falletti G, Maurino V, Pelizzetti E, Ajassa R, Carlotti ME, Vione D (2007) Photochemincal processes involving nitrite in surface water samples. Aquat Sci 69:71–85CrossRef

Minor E, Pothen J, Dalzell B, Abdulla H, Mopper K (2006) Effects of salinity changes on the photodegradation and ultraviolet-visible absorbance of terrestrial dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 51:2181–2186CrossRef

Moffett J, Zafiriou O (1990) An investigation of hydrogen peroxide chemistry in surface waters of Vineyard Sound with H218O2 and 18O2. Limnol Oceanogr 35:1221–1229CrossRef

Moffett JW, Zika RG (1987) Reaction kinetics of hydrogen peroxide with copper and iron in seawater. Environ Sci Technol 21:804–810CrossRef

Molot LA, Dillon PJ (1997) Photolytic regulation of dissolved organic carbon in northern lakes. Global Biogeochem Cy 11:357–365CrossRef

Molot LA, Hudson JJ, Dillon PJ, Miller SA (2005) Effect of pH on photo-oxidation of dissolved organic carbon by hydroxyl radicals in a coloured, softwater stream. Aquat Sci 67:189–195CrossRef

Monod A, Poulain L, Grubert S, Voisin D, Wortham H (2005) Kinetics of OH-initiated oxidation of oxygenated organic compounds in the aqueous phase: new rate constants, structure–activity relationships and atmospheric implications. Atmos Environ 39:7667–7688CrossRef

Moore CA, Farmer CT, Zika RG (1993) Influence of the Orinoco river on hydrogen peroxide distribution and production in the eastern Caribbean. J Geophys Res 98:2289–2298CrossRef

Mopper K, Stahovec WL (1986) Sources and sinks of low molecular weight organic carbonyl compounds in seawater. Mar Chem 19:305–321CrossRef

Mopper K, Zhou X (1990) Hydroxyl radical photoproduction in the sea and its potential impact on marine processes. Science 250:661–664CrossRef

Mopper K, Zhou X, Kieber RJ, Kieber DJ, Sikorski RJ, Jones RD (1991) Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic carbon and its impact on the oceanic carbon cycle. Nature 353:60–62CrossRef

Moran MA, Hodson RE (1994) Support of bacterioplankton production by dissolved humic substances from three marine environments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 110:241–241CrossRef

Moran MA, Zepp RG (1997) Role of photoreactions in the formation of biologically labile compounds from dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1307–1316CrossRef

Moran MA, Sheldon WM Jr, Zepp RG (2000) Carbon loss and optical property changes during long-term photochemical and biological degradation of estuarine dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1254–1264CrossRef

Morris DP, Hargreaves BR (1997) The role of photochemical degradation of dissolved organic carbon in regulating the UV transparency of three lakes on the Pocono Plateau. Limnol Oceanogr 42:239–249CrossRef

Morris DP, Zagarese H, Williamson CE, Balseiro EG, Hargreaves BR, Modenutti B, Moeller R, Queimalinos C (1995) The attenuation of solar UV radiation in lakes and the role of dissolved organic carbon. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1381–1391CrossRef

Mortatti J, Probst JL (2003) Silicate rock weathering and atmospheric/soil CO₂ uptake in the Amazon basin estimated from river water geochemistry: seasonal and spatial variations. Chem Geol 197:177–196CrossRef

Morvan B, Dore J, Rieu-Lesme F, Foucat L, Fonty G, Gouet P (1994) Establishment of hydrogen-utilizing bacteria in the rumen of the newborn lamb. FEMS Microbiol Lett 117:249–256CrossRef

Mostofa K (2005) Dynamics, characteristics and photochemical processes of fluorescent dissolved organic matter and peroxides in river water. Ph D Thesis September 2005, Hiroshima University, Japan

Mostofa KMG, Sakugawa H (2003) Spatial and temporal variation of hydrogen peroxide in stream and river waters: Effect of photo-bio-physio-chemical processes of aquatic matters. Abs 13th Ann VM Goldschmidt Conf, Kurashiki, Japan. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67(18S):A309. In, 2003

Mostofa KMG, Sakugawa H (2009) Spatial and temporal variations and factors controlling the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides in rivers. Environ Chem 6:524–534CrossRef

Mostofa KMG, Honda Y, Sakugawa H (2005a) Dynamics and optical nature of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in river waters in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Geochem J 39:257–271CrossRef

Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Konohira E, Tanoue E, Hayakawa K, Takahashi M (2005b) Three-dimensional fluorescence as a tool for investigating the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Lake Biwa watershed. Limnology 6:101–115CrossRef

Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Konohira E, Tanoue E (2007a) Dynamics and characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the groundwater, river and lake water. Water Air Soil Pollut 184:157–176CrossRef

Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Konohira E, Tanoue E (2007b) Photodegradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in river waters. Geochem J 41:323–331CrossRef

Mostofa K, Wu F, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H, Tanoue E (2009a) Dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environments. In: Wu F, B X (eds) Natural organic matter and its significance in the environment. Science press, Beijing pp 3–66

Mostofa K, Liu C, Wu F, Fu P, Ying W, Yuan J (2009b) Overview of key biogeochemical functions in Lake Ecosystem: Impacts of organic matter pollution and global warming. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 13th World Lake Conf Wuhan, Wuhan, China 1–5 Nov 2009

Mostofa KMG, Wu F, Liu CQ, Fang WL, Yuan J, Ying WL, Wen L, Yi M (2010) Characterization of Nanming river (Southwestern China) sewerage-impacted pollution using an excitation-emission matrix and PARAFAC. Limnology 11:217–231CrossRef

Mostofa KMG, Wu F, Liu CQ, Vione D, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H, Tanoue E (2011) Photochemical, microbial and metal complexation behavior of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environments. Geochem J 45:235–254

Mvula E, Schuchmann MN, von Sonntag C (2001) Reactions of phenol-OH-adduct radicals. Phenoxyl radical formation by water elimination vs. oxidation by dioxygen. J Chem Soc, Perkin Trans 2:264–268

Naganuma T, Konishil S, Nakane TIT (1996) Photodegradation or photoalteration? Microbial assay of the effect of UV-B on dissolved organic matter. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 135:309–310CrossRef

Nagase M, Matsuo T (1982) Interactions between amino-acid-degrading bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in anaerobic digestion. Biotechnol Bioeng 24:2227–2239CrossRef

Nakagawa F, Yoshida N, Nojiri Y, Makarov VN (2002) Production of methane from alasses in eastern Siberia: implications from its 14C and stable isotopic compositions. Global Biogeochem Cy 16:1041CrossRef

Nakane K, Kohno T, Horikoshi T, Nakatsubo T (1997) Soil carbon cycling at a black spruce (Picea Mariana) forest stand in Saskatchewan, Canada. J Geophys Res 102:28785–28793CrossRef

Nakatani N, Hashimoto N, Sakugawa H (2004) An evaluation of hydroxyl radical formation in river water and the potential for photodegradation of bisphenol A. In: Hill RJ, Leventhal J, Aizenshtat Z, Baedecker MJ, Claypool G, Eganhouse R, Goldhaber M, Peters K, (Eds), The Geochemical society special publication series 9, Geochemical investigations in earth and space Science: A Tribute to Isaac R Kaplan Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 233–242

Namsaraev B, Dulov L, Sokolova E (1995) Bacterial methane production in the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal. Mikrobiologiya 64:411–412

Nieto-Cid M, Alvarez-Salgado X, Pérez F (2006) Microbial and photochemical reactivity of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a coastal upwelling system. Limnol Oceanogr 51:1391–1400CrossRef

Nozhevnikova A, Kotsyurbenko O, Simankova M (1994) Acetogenesis at low temperature. In: Drake H (ed) Acetogenesis. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 416–431CrossRef

Obernosterer I, Ruardij P, Herndl GJ (2001) Spatial and diurnal dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence and H₂O₂ and the photochemical oxygen demand of surface water DOM across the subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 46:632–643CrossRef

Omar A, Olsen A, Johannessen T, Hoppema M, Thomas H, Borges A (2010) Spatiotemporal variations of fCO₂ in the North Sea. Ocean Sci 6:77–89CrossRef

Öquist M, Svensson B (2002) Vascular plants as regulators of methane emissions from a subarctic mire ecosystem. J Geophys Res 107:4580CrossRef

Osburn CL, Morris DP (2003) Photochemistry of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters. UV Eff Aquat Org Ecosyst 1:185–217CrossRef

Osburn CL, O’Sullivan DW, Boyd TJ (2009) Increases in the longwave photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in coastal waters. Limnol Oceanogr 54:145–159CrossRef

O’Sullivan DW, Neale PJ, Coffin RB, Boyd TJ, Osburn CL (2005) Photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide in coastal waters. Mar Chem 97:14–33CrossRef

Palenik B, Morel F (1988) Dark production of H₂O₂ in the Sargasso Sea. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1606–1611CrossRef

Parlanti E, Wörz K, Geoffroy L, Lamotte M (2000) Dissolved organic matter fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to estimate biological activity in a coastal zone submitted to anthropogenic inputs. Org Geochem 31:1765–1781CrossRef

Patel G, Sprott G, Fein J (1990) Isolation and characterization of Methanobacterium espanolae sp. nov., a mesophilic, moderately acidiphilic methanogen. Int J Syst Bacteriol 40:12–18CrossRef

Pelmenschikov V, Blomberg MRA, Siegbahn PEM, Crabtree RH (2002) A mechanism from quantum chemical studies for methane formation in methanogenesis. JACS 124:4039–4049CrossRef

Peña-Méndez EM, Havel J, Patočka J (2005) Humic substances–compounds of still unknown structure: applications in agriculture, industry, environment, and biomedicine. J Appl Biomed 3:13–24

Peuravuori J, Pihlaja K (1997) Pyrolysis electron impact mass spectrometry in studying aquatic humic substances. Analyt Chim Acta 350:241–247CrossRef

Phelps T, Zeikus J (1984) Influence of pH on terminal carbon metabolism in anoxic sediments from a mildly acidic lake. Appl Environ Microbiol 48:1088–1095

Piazena H, Häder DP (1994) Penetration of solar UV irradiation in coastal lagoons of the southern Baltic Sea and its effect on phytoplankton communities. Photochem Photobiol 60:463–469CrossRef

Premier G, Kim J, Massanet-Nicolau J, Kyazze G, Esteves S, Penumathsa B, Rodríguez J, Maddy J, Dinsdale R, Guwy A (2012) Integration of biohydrogen, biomethane and bioelectrochemical systems. Renewable Energy (in press)

Psenner R (1988) Alkalinity generation in a soft-water lake: watershed and in-lake processes. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1463–1475CrossRef

Pullin MJ, Bertilsson S, Goldstone JV, Voelker BM (2004) Effects of sunlight and hydroxyl radical on dissolved organic matter: Bacterial growth efficiency and production of carboxylic acids and other substrates. Limnol Oceanogr 49:2011–2022CrossRef

Qian J, Mopper K, Kieber DJ (2001) Photochemical production of the hydroxyl radical in Antarctic waters. Deep Sea Res Part I 48:741–759CrossRef

Raghavan N, Steenken S (1980) Electrophilic reaction of the hydroxyl radical with phenol. Determination of the distribution of isomeric dihydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals. JACS 102:3495–3499CrossRef

Randall C, Harvey V, Manney G, Orsolini Y, Codrescu M, Sioris C, Brohede S, Haley C, Gordley L, Zawodny J (2005) Stratospheric effects of energetic particle precipitation in 2003–2004. Geophys Res Lett 32:L05802CrossRef

Ratte M, Bujok O, Spitzy A, Rudolph J (1998) Photochemical alkene formation in seawater from dissolved organic carbon: Results from laboratory experiments. J Geophys Res 103:5707–5717CrossRef

Reche I, Pace ML, Cole JJ (1999) Relationship of trophic and chemical conditions to photobleaching of dissolved organic matter in lake ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 44:259–280

Reguera G, McCarthy KD, Mehta T, Nicoll JS, Tuominen MT, Lovley DR (2005) Extracellular electron transfer via microbial nanowires. Nature 435:1098–1101CrossRef

Reitner B, Herndl GJ, Herzig A (1997) Role of ultraviolet-B radiation on photochemical and microbial oxygen consumption in a humic-rich shallow lake. Limnol Oceanogr 42:950–960CrossRef

Rex M, Harris NRP, von der Gathen P, Lehmann R, Braathen GO, Reimer E, Beck A, Chipperfield MP, Alfier R, Allaart M (1997) Prolonged stratospheric ozone loss in the 1995–96 Arctic winter. Nature 389:835–838CrossRef

Richard LE, Peake BM, Rusak SA, Cooper WJ, Burritt DJ (2007) Production and decomposition dynamics of hydrogen peroxide in freshwater. Environ Chem 4:49–54CrossRef

Roberts EC, Priscu JC, Wolf C, Lyons WB, Laybourn-Parry J (2004) The distribution of microplankton in the McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes, Antarctica: response to ecosystem legacy or present-day climatic controls? Polar Biol 27:238–249CrossRef

Rochelle-Newall E, Fisher T (2002) Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence in marine and estuarine environments: an investigation into the role of phytoplankton. Mar Chem 77:7–21CrossRef

Roden EE, Wetzel RG (1996) Organic carbon oxidation and suppression of methane production by microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction in vegetated and unvegetated freshwater wetland sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 41:1733–1748CrossRef

Rontani JF (2001) Visible light-dependent degradation of lipidic phytoplanktonic components during senescence: a review. Phytochemistry 58:187–202CrossRef

Rosenfeld JK (1979) Amino acid diagenesis and adsorption in nearshore anoxic sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 24:1014–1021CrossRef

Rosenfeldt EJ, Linden KG (2004) Degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals bisphenol A, ethinyl estradiol, and estradiol during UV photolysis and advanced oxidation processes. Environ Sci Technol 38:5476–5483CrossRef

Rosenstock B, Zwisler W, Simon M (2005) Bacterial consumption of humic and non-humic low and high molecular weight DOM and the effect of solar irradiation on the turnover of labile DOM in the Southern Ocean. Microb Ecol 50:90–101CrossRef

Rothfuss F, Conrad R (1992) Vertical profiles of CH₄ concentrations, dissolved substrates and processes involved in CH₄ production in a flooded Italian rice field. Biogeochemistry 18:137–152CrossRef

Rozendal RA, Hamelers HVM, Molenkamp RJ, Buisman CJN (2007) Performance of single chamber biocatalyzed electrolysis with different types of ion exchange membranes. Water Res 41:1984–1994CrossRef

Sadtler (1968) The Sadtler standard spectra 1968 edition. Sadtler Research Lab, Inc, Philadelphia

Safarzadeh-Amiri A, Bolton JR, Cater SR (1996) Ferrioxalate-mediated solar degradation of organic contaminants in water. Sol Energy 56:439–443CrossRef

Safarzadeh-Amiri A, Bolton JR, Cater SR (1997) Ferrioxalate-mediated photodegradation of organic pollutants in contaminated water. Water Res 31:787–798CrossRef

Sakugawa H, Takami A, Kawai H, Takeda K, Fujiwara K, Hirata S (2000a) The occurrence of organic peroxide in seawater. In: Handa N, Tanoue E, Hama T (eds) Dynamics and characterization of marine organic matter. TERRAPUB, Kluwer, pp 231–240

Salonen K, Vähätalo A (1994) Photochemical mineralisation of dissolved organic matter in Lake Skjervatjern. Environ Int 20:307–312CrossRef

Salonen K, Kairesalo T, Jones R (1992) Dissolved organic matter in lacustrine ecosystems: Energy-source and system regulator. Hydrobiology 229:1–291CrossRef

Samuilov V, Bezryadnov D, Gusev M, Kitashov A, Fedorenko T (2001) Hydrogen peroxide inhibits photosynthetic electron transport in cells of cyanobacteria. Biochemistry (Moscow) 66:640–645CrossRef

Sandbeck KA, Ward DM (1981) Fate of immediate methane precursors in low-sulfate, hot-spring algal-bacterial mats. Appl Environ Microbiol 41:775–782

Sarmiento JL, Slater R, Barber R, Bopp L, Doney SC, Hirst A, Kleypas J, Matear R, Mikolajewicz U, Monfray P (2004) Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming. Global Biogeochem Cy 18:3001–3023CrossRef

Schindler D, Turner M, Stainton M, Linsey G (1986) Natural sources of acid neutralizing capacity in low alkalinity lakes of the Precambrian Shield. Science 232:844–847CrossRef

Schink B (1997) Energetics of syntrophic cooperation in methanogenic degradation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61:262–280

Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N, Schulten HR, Kettrup A (1998) Structural changes in a dissolved soil humic acid during photochemical degradation processes under O₂ and N₂ atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol 32:2531–2541CrossRef

Schmittner A (2005) Decline of the marine ecosystem caused by a reduction in the Atlantic overturning circulation. Nature 434:628–633CrossRef

Schulz S, Conrad R (1995) Effect of algal deposition on acetate and methane concentrations in the profundal sediment of a deep lake (Lake Constance). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 16:251–260CrossRef

Schulz S, Conrad R (1996) Influence of temperature on pathways to methane production in the permanently cold profundal sediment of Lake Constance. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 20:1–14CrossRef

Schwarzenbach RPGP, Imboden DM (1993) Environmental organic chemistry. Wiley, New York, pp 436–484

Scully N, Lean D (1994) The attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in temperate lakes (With 8 figures and 5 tables). Arch Hydrobiol Beih Ergebn Limnol 43:135–144

Scully N, McQueen D, Lean D, Cooper W (1996) Hydrogen peroxide formation: the interaction of ultraviolet radiation and dissolved organic carbon in lake waters along a 43–75? N Gradient. Limnol Oceanogr 41:540–548CrossRef

Senesi N (1990) Molecular and quantitative aspects of the chemistry of fulvic acid and its interactions with metal ions and organic chemicals: Part II. The fluorescence spectroscopy approach. Analyt Chim Acta 232:77–106CrossRef

Serban A, Nissenbaum A (1986) Humic acid association with peroxidase and catalase. Soil Biol Biochem 18:41–44CrossRef

Shiller AM, Duan S, van Erp P, Bianchi TS (2006) Photo-oxidation of dissolved organic matter in river water and its effect on trace element speciation. Limnol Oceanogr 51(4):1716–1728CrossRef

Shriner RLHW, Cox RFB (1943) p-Nitrophenyl Isocyanate. Org Synth Coll 2:453–455

Siegel DA, Michaels AF (1996) Quantification of non-algal light attenuation in the Sargasso sea: implications for biogeochemistry and remote sensing. Deep Sea Res Part II 43:321–345CrossRef

Sikorski RJ, Zika R (1993a) Modeling mixed-layer photochemistry of H₂O₂: physical and chemical modeling of distribution. J Geophys Res 98:2329–2340CrossRef

Sikorski RJ, Zika R (1993b) Modeling mixed-layer photochemistry of H₂O₂: optical and chemical modeling of production. J Geophys Res 98:2315–2328CrossRef

Simankova MV, Kotsyurbenko OR, Stackebrandt E, Kostrikina NA, Lysenko AM, Osipov GA, Nozhevnikova AN (2000) Acetobacterium tundrae sp. nov., a new psychrophilic acetogenic bacterium from tundra soil. Arch Microbiol 174:440–447CrossRef

Sizova MV, Panikov NS, Tourova TP, Flanagan PW (2003) Isolation and characterization of oligotrophic acido-tolerant methanogenic consortia from a Sphagnum peat bog. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 45:301–315CrossRef

Skoog A, Wedborg M, Fogelqvist E (1996) Photobleaching of fluorescence and the organic carbon concentration in a coastal environment. Mar Chem 55:333–345CrossRef

Smith RC, Baker KS (1981) Optical properties of the clearest natural waters (200–800 nm). Appl Opt 20:177–184CrossRef

Song R, Westerhoff P, Minear RA, Amy GL (1996) Interaction between bromine and natural organic matter. (Minear RA, Amy GL (eds), Water disinfection and natural organic matter, Americal Chemical Society, Washington, pp 298–321

Southworth BA, Voelker BM (2003) Hydroxyl radical production via the photo-Fenton reaction in the presence of fulvic acid. Environ Sci Technol 37:1130–1136CrossRef

Stedmon CA, Markager S (2005) Tracing the production and degradation of autochthonous fractions of dissolved organic matter by fluorescence analysis. Limnol Oceanogr 50:1415–1426CrossRef

Stedmon CA, Markager S, Tranvik L, Kronberg L, Slätis T, Martinsen W (2007) Photochemical production of ammonium and transformation of dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea. Mar Chem 104:227–240CrossRef

Steelink C (2002) Peer Reviewed: investigating humic acids in soils. Anal Chem 74:326–333CrossRef

Steinberg SM, Venkatesan MI, Kaplan IR (1987) Org Geochem of sediments from the continental margin off southern New England, U.S.A.—part I. Amino acids, carbohydrates and lignin. Mar Chem 21:249–265CrossRef

Stiller M, Nissenbaum A (1999) Geochemical investigation of phosphorus and nitrogen in the hypersaline Dead Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:3467–3475CrossRef

Ström L, Ekberg A, Mastepanov M, Røjle Christensen T (2003) The effect of vascular plants on carbon turnover and methane emissions from a tundra wetland. Glob Change Biol 9:1185–1192CrossRef

Strome D, Miller MC (1978) Photolytic changes in dissolved humic substances. Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 20:1248–1254

Stumm W, Lee GF (1961) Oxygenation of ferrous iron. Ind Eng Chem 53:143–146CrossRef

Sun MY, Lee C, Aller RC (1993) Anoxic and Oxic Degradation of ^14C-labeled Chloropigments and a 14C-labeled Diatom in Long Island Sound sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 38:1438–1451CrossRef

Suzumura M, Ingall ED (2004) Distribution and dynamics of various forms of phosphorus in seawater: insights from field observations in the Pacific Ocean and a laboratory experiment. Deep Sea Res Part I 51:1113–1130CrossRef

Takeda K, Takedoi H, Yamaji S, Ohta K, Sakugawa H (2004) Determination of hydroxyl radical photoproduction rates in natural waters. Anal Sci 20:153–158

Tanaka K, Suda Y, Kondo N, Sugahara K (1985) O₃ tolerance and the ascorbate-dependent H₂O₂ decomposing system in chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol 26:1425–1431

Thauer RK (1998) Biochemistry of methanogenesis: a tribute to Marjory Stephenson. Microbiology 144:2377–2406CrossRef

Thauer RK, Jungermann K, Decker K (1977) Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriolog Rev 41:100

Thauer RK, Kaster AK, Seedorf H, Buckel W, Hedderich R (2008) Methanogenic archaea: ecologically relevant differences in energy conservation. Nature Rev Microbiol 6:579–591CrossRef

Thebrath B, Rothfuss F, Whiticar M, Conrad R (1993) Methane production in littoral sediment of Lake Constance. FEMS Microbiol Lett 102:279–289CrossRef

Thomas DN, Lara RJ (1995) Photodegradation of algal derived dissolved organic carbon. Mar Ecol Prog Ser Oldendorf 116:309–310CrossRef

Tranvik LJ (1992) Allochthonous dissolved organic matter as an energy source for pelagic bacteria and the concept of the microbial loop. Hydrobiology 229:107–114CrossRef

Tranvik L, Kokalj S (1998) Decreased biodegradability of algal DOC due to interactive effects of UV radiation and humic matter. Aquat Microb Ecol 14:301–307CrossRef

Tranvik LJ, Downing JA, Cotner JB, Loiselle SA, Striegl RG, Ballatore TJ, Dillon P, Knoll L, Kutser T, Larsen S (2009) Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate. Limnol Oceanogr 54:2298–2314CrossRef

Twardowski MS, Donaghay PL (2002) Photobleaching of aquatic dissolved materials: Absorption removal, spectral alteration, and their interrelationship. J Geophys Res 107:3091CrossRef

Uchida M, Nakatsubo T, Horikoshi T, Nakane K (1998) Contribution of micro-organisms to the carbon dynamics in black spruce (Picea Mariana) forest soil in Canada. Ecol Res 13:17–26CrossRef

Uchida M, Nakatsubo T, Kasai Y, Nakane K, Horikoshi T (2000) Altitudinal differences in organic matter mass loss and fungal biomass in a subalpine coniferous forest, Mt. Fuji, Japan. Arct Antarct Alp Res 32:262–269CrossRef

Upton M, Hill B, Edwards C, Saunders J, Ritchie D, Lloyd D (2000) Combined molecular ecological and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of peat bog methanogen populations. FEMS Microbiol Lett 193:275–281CrossRef

Utsumi M, Belova SE, King GM, Uchiyama H (2003) Phylogenetic comparison of methanogen diversity in different wetland soils. J Gen Appl Microbiol 49:75–83CrossRef

Vähätalo AV, Järvinen M (2007) Photochemically produced bioavailable nitrogen from biologically recalcitrant dissolved organic matter stimulates production of a nitrogen-limited microbial food web in the Baltic Sea. Limnol Oceanogr 52:132–143CrossRef

Vähätalo AV, Wetzel RG (2004) Photochemical and microbial decomposition of chromophoric dissolved organic matter during long (months–years) exposures. Mar Chem 89:313–326CrossRef

Vahatalo AV, Salkinoja-Salonen M, Taalas P, Salonen K (2000) Spectrum of the quantum yield for photochemical mineralization of dissolved organic carbon in a humic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 45:664–676CrossRef

Valentine RL, Zepp RG (1993) Formation of carbon monoxide from the photodegradation of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 27:409–412CrossRef

Vione D, Merlo F, Maurino V, Minero C (2004) Effect of humic acids on the Fenton degradation of phenol. Environ Chem Lett 2:129–133CrossRef

Vione D, Falletti G, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E, Malandrino M, Ajassa R, Olariu RI, Arsene C (2006) Sources and sinks of hydroxyl radicals upon irradiation of natural water samples. Environ Sci Technol 40:3775–3781CrossRef

Vione D, Minero C, Maurino V, Olariu R-L, Arsene C, KMG M (2011) Photochemical transformation processes in surface waters. In: Maes KJ, Willems JM (Eds), Photochemistry: UV/VIS spectroscopy, photochemical reactions and photosynthesis, Nova Science Publishers, Chapter 9

Vione D, Lauri V, Minero C, Maurino V, Malandrino M, Carlotti ME, Olariu RI, Arsene C (2009) Photostability and photolability of dissolved organic matter upon irradiation of natural water samples under simulated sunlight. Aquat Sci 71:34–45CrossRef

Voelker BM, Morel FMM, Sulzberger B (1997) Iron redox cycling in surface waters: effects of humic substances and light. Environ Sci Technol 31:1004–1011CrossRef

von Gunten U, Oliveras Y (1997) Kinetics of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and hypobromous acid: implication on water treatment and natural systems. Water Res 31:900–906CrossRef

Waiser MJ, Robarts RD (2000) Changes in composition and reactivity of allochthonous DOM in a prairie saline lake. Limnol Oceanogr 45:763–774CrossRef

Weiss R, Carmack ECC, Koropalov V (1991) Deep-water renewal and biological production in Lake Baikal. Nature 349:665–669CrossRef

Westerhoff P, Yoon Y, Snyder S, Wert E (2005) Fate of endocrine-disruptor, pharmaceutical, and personal care product chemicals during simulated drinking water treatment processes. Environ Sci Technol 39:6649–6663CrossRef

Westermann P (1994) The effect of incubation temperature on steady-state concentrations of hydrogen and volatile fatty acids during anaerobic degradation in slurries from wetland sediments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 13:295–302CrossRef

Wetzel RG (1984) Detrital dissolved and particulate organic carbon functions in aquatic ecosystems. Bull Mar Sci 35:503–509

Wetzel RG (1992) Gradient-dominated ecosystems: sources and regulatory functions of dissolved organic matter in freshwater ecosystems. Hydrobiology 229:181–198CrossRef

Wetzel RG, Hatcher PG, Bianchi TS (1995) Natural photolysis by ultraviolet irradiance of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter to simple substrates for rapid bacterial metabolism. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1369–1380CrossRef

White EM, Vaughan PP, Zepp RG (2003) Role of the photo-Fenton reaction in the production of hydroxyl radicals and photobleaching of colored dissolved organic matter in a coastal river of the southeastern United States. Aquat Sci 65:402–414CrossRef

White EM, Kieber DJ, Sherrard J, Miller WL, Mopper K (2010) Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide photoproduction quantum yields in the Delaware Estuary. Mar Chem 118:11–21CrossRef

Whiticar MJ (1999) Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane. Chem Geol 161:291–314CrossRef

Williams RT, Crawford RL (1985) Methanogenic bacteria, including an acid-tolerant strain, from peatlands. Appl Environ Microbiol 50:1542–1544

Winfrey M, Zeikus J (1979) Anaerobic metabolism of immediate methane precursors in Lake Mendota. Appl Environ Microbiol 37:244–253

Winter AR, Fish TAE, Playle RC, Smith DS, Curtis PJ (2007) Photodegradation of natural organic matter from diverse freshwater sources. Aquat Toxicol 84:215–222CrossRef

Worakit S, Boone D, Mah R, Abdel-Samie M, El-Halwagi M (1986) Methanobacterium alcaliphilum sp. nov., an H₂-utilizing methanogen that grows at high pH values. Int J Syst Bacteriol 36:380–382CrossRef

Wu F, Tanoue E (2001) Molecular mass distribution and fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic ligands for copper (II) in Lake Biwa, Japan. Org Geochem 32:11–20CrossRef

Wu FC, Mills RB, Cai YR, Evans RD, Dillon PJ (2005) Photodegradation-induced changes in dissolved organic matter in acidic waters. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 62:1019–1027CrossRef

Xie H, Zafiriou OC, Cai WJ, Zepp RG, Wang Y (2004) Photooxidation and its effects on the carboxyl content of dissolved organic matter in two coastal rivers in the southeastern United States. Environ Sci Technol 38:4113–4119CrossRef

Yamashita Y, Tanoue E (2004) In situ production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in coastal environments. Geophys Res Lett 31 [doi: 101029/2004GL019734]

Yamashita Y, Tanoue E (2008) Production of bio-refractory fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the ocean interior. Nature Geosci 1:579–582CrossRef

Yang ST, Guo M (1990) Kinetics of methanogenesis from whey permeate in packed bed immobilized cells bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 36:427–436CrossRef

Yocis BH, Kieber DJ, Mopper K (2000) Photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide in Antarctic waters. Deep Sea Res Part I 47:1077–1099CrossRef

Yoshioka T, Mostofa KMG, Konohira E, Tanoue E, Hayakawa K, Takahashi M, Ueda S, Katsuyama M, Khodzher T, Bashenkhaeva N (2007) Distribution and characteristics of molecular size fractions of freshwater-dissolved organic matter in watershed environments: its implication to degradation. Limnology 8:29–44CrossRef

Zafiriou OC, True MB (1979a) Nitrate photolysis in seawater by sunlight. Mar Chem 8:33–42CrossRef

Zafiriou OC, True MB (1979b) Nitrite photolysis in seawater by sunlight. Mar Chem 8:9–32CrossRef

Zafiriou OC, Joussot-Dubien J, Zepp RG, Zika RG (1984) Photochemistry of natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 18:356A–371A

Zafiriou OC, True MB, Hayon E (1987) Consequences of OH radical reaction in sea water: formation and decay of Br2− ion radical. In: Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems Am Chem Soc, Washington, pp 89–105

Zeikus J, Weimer P, Nelson D, Daniels L (1975) Bacterial methanogenesis: acetate as a methane precursor in pure culture. Arch Microbiol 104:129–134CrossRef

Zepp RG, Hoigne J, Bader H (1987a) Nitrate-induced photooxidation of trace organic chemicals in water. Environ Sci Technol 21:443–450CrossRef

Zepp RG, Skurlatov Y, Pierce J (1987b) Algal-induced decay and formation of hydrogen peroxide in water: its possible role in oxidation of anilines by algae. In: Zika RG, Cooper WJ (eds) Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems, ACS symp Ser 327. Am Chem Soc, Washington, pp 213–224

Zepp RG, Faust BC, Hoigne J (1992) Hydroxyl radical formation in aqueous reactions (pH 3–8) of iron (II) with hydrogen peroxide: the photo-Fenton reaction. Environ Sci Technol 26:313–319CrossRef

Zepp RG, Callaghan T, Erickson D (1998) Effects of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation on biogeochemical cycles. J Photochem Photobiol, B 46:69–82CrossRef

Zepp R, Erickson D III, Paul N, Sulzberger B (2011) Effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycling: interactions and feedbacks. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:261–279CrossRef

Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zeng X, Lin Y (2004) The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the upper ocean of the East China Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 60:369–379CrossRef

Zhang Y, Van Dijk MA, Liu M, Zhu G, Qin B (2009a) The contribution of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in eutrophic shallow lakes: field and experimental evidence. Water Res 43:4685–4697CrossRef

Zhang Y, Liu M, Qin B, Feng S (2009b) Photochemical degradation of chromophoric-dissolved organic matter exposed to simulated UV-B and natural solar radiation. Hydrobiology 627:159–168CrossRef

Zhang D, Pan X, Mostofa KMG, Chen X, Mu G, Wu F, Liu J, Song W, Yang J, Liu Y (2010) Complexation between Hg(II) and biofilm extracellular polymeric substances: an application of fluorescence spectroscopy. J Hazard Mat 175:359–365CrossRef

Zhao Y, Yu Y, Feng W, Shen Y (2003) Growth and production of free-living heterotrophic nanoflagellates in a eutrophic lake–Lake Donghu, Wuhan, China. Hydrobiology 498:85–95CrossRef

Zhou X, Mopper K (1990) Determination of photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in seawater and freshwater. Mar Chem 30:71–88CrossRef

Zika RG (1981) Marine organic photochemistry. In: Elsevier Oceanography Series, vol 31, pp 299–325

Zinder SH (1990) Conversion of acetic acid to methane by thermophiles. FEMS Microbiol Lett 75:125–137CrossRef

Zinder SH (1993) Physiological ecology of methanogens. In: Ferry JG (Ed) Methanogenesis: Ecology, Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Chapman and Hall, New York pp 128–206

Springer Professional

Photoinduced and Microbial Degradation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters

Abstract

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"