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Erschienen in:
Resin Systems and Chemistry: Degradation Mechanisms and Durability Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

7. Physical Aging in Glasses and Composites

verfasst von : Gregory B. McKenna

Erschienen in: Long-Term Durability of Polymeric Matrix Composites

Verlag: Springer US

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Abstract

Physical aging is observed in all glassy materials because of the fact that they are out of equilibrium. The ways in which aging manifests itself are the results of the thermal history of the materials, the environment, and even the constraint of, e.g., fibers or particles. In the present chapter, the fundamentals of aging of glasses are summarized by considering first structural recovery, which is the kinetics of the thermodynamic-type variables such as volume or enthalpy, and its impact on the mechanical response, which is the physical aging. Linear viscoelastic and nonlinear viscoelastic properties as well as yield behaviors will be considered. Furthermore, we will consider environmental effects on physical aging behaviors. The work will end with a perspective on aging in composites and where further research is needed.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Moisture-Induced Degradation
Nächstes Kapitel Mechanisms and Kinetics of Organic Matrix Thermal Oxidation
Fußnoten
1
Silica glass at 1,000°C has a viscosity of 1015.82 Pa s41 and at room temperature, from the reported activation energy, one would estimate the value to be >> 1030 Pa s. In this case, since the Maxwell model [34] estimation of the relaxation time is \( \tau = {\eta_0}/G \) and G ≈ 28 GPa for a window glass [41], then \( t \approx {10^{{30}}}{/}28 \times {10^9}\;{\hbox{s}} \approx {10^{{12}}}\;{\hbox{years}} \) which is much longer than the times available for European cathedral windows to have flowed.
 
2
We remark that the concept of rejuvenation is not completely clear. The idea of a freshly quenched state is often used when one talks of thermal rejuvenation. However, other workers sometimes refer to mechanical rejuvenation and this is more controversial. The reader is advised to see the paper by the current author on mechanical rejuvenation [100] and also the more recent work of Isner and Lacks [132] that investigate the issue using molecular simulations.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Physical Aging in Glasses and Composites
verfasst von
Gregory B. McKenna
Copyright-Jahr
2012
Verlag
Springer US
Buch
Long-Term Durability of Polymeric Matrix Composites

Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-9307-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4419-9308-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9308-3_7

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