Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science 9/2016

28.01.2016 | Original Paper

Polypropylene/hydroxyl-multiwall carbon nanotubes composites: crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and foaming performance

verfasst von: Zhishan Li, Mingjie Chen, Weihua Ma

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science | Ausgabe 9/2016

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Polypropylene (PP) is a kind of semi-crystalline polymer so it is hard to foam with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2). We used hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (HO-MWCNTs) as a modifier or nucleator to improve the crystallization behaviors and foaming performance of PP. We prepared the PP/HO-MWCNTs nanocomposite, foamed with SCCO2, and then compared with the pure PP. Results showed that the addition of HO-MWCNTs can make the crystallization type change from homogeneous to heterogeneous nucleation. With the increase of nucleation sites, the nucleation rate increased and the spherulites of the PP/HO-MWCNTs nanocomposite became finer and more uniform. With the formation of an interconnected network in the matrix at an appropriate addition of HO-MWCNT, the tensile strength increased, and the cell of foams was denser and smaller compared with pure PP when foamed with SCCO2 by a high-temperature impregnation method. When the content of HO-MWCNTs reached 1.0 %, the dispersion of HO-MWCNTs in PP matrix is the best and the foaming performance was improved the most significantly. Furthermore, the foaming performance became more stable and the dependence on foaming conditions such as pressure was weakened after addition of HO-MWCNTs.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Assouline E, Lustiger A, Barber AH, Cooper CA, Klein E, Wachtel E, Wagner HD (2003) Nucleation ability of multiwall carbon nanotubes in polypropylene composites. J Polym Sci Part B 41:520–527CrossRef Assouline E, Lustiger A, Barber AH, Cooper CA, Klein E, Wachtel E, Wagner HD (2003) Nucleation ability of multiwall carbon nanotubes in polypropylene composites. J Polym Sci Part B 41:520–527CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Collias DI, Baird DG (1995) Tensile toughness of microcellular foams of polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and polycarbonate, and the effect of dissolved-gas on the tensile toughness of the same polymer matrices and microcellular foams. Polym Eng Sci 14:1167–1177CrossRef Collias DI, Baird DG (1995) Tensile toughness of microcellular foams of polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and polycarbonate, and the effect of dissolved-gas on the tensile toughness of the same polymer matrices and microcellular foams. Polym Eng Sci 14:1167–1177CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimbo M, Baldwin DF, Suh NP (1995) The viscoelastic behavior of microcellular plastics with varying cell size. Polym Eng Sci 17:1387–1393CrossRef Shimbo M, Baldwin DF, Suh NP (1995) The viscoelastic behavior of microcellular plastics with varying cell size. Polym Eng Sci 17:1387–1393CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause B, Koops GH, van der Vegt NFA, Wessling M, Wübbenhorst M, Turnhout JA (2002) Ultralow-k dielectrics made by supercritical foaming of thin polymer films. Adv Mater 15:1041–1046CrossRef Krause B, Koops GH, van der Vegt NFA, Wessling M, Wübbenhorst M, Turnhout JA (2002) Ultralow-k dielectrics made by supercritical foaming of thin polymer films. Adv Mater 15:1041–1046CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeng CC, Han XM, Lee LJ, Koelling KW, Tomasko DL (2003) Polymer-clay nanocomposite foams prepared using carbon dioxide. Adv Mater 20:1743–1747CrossRef Zeng CC, Han XM, Lee LJ, Koelling KW, Tomasko DL (2003) Polymer-clay nanocomposite foams prepared using carbon dioxide. Adv Mater 20:1743–1747CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Okamoto M, Nam PH, Maiti P, Kotaka T, Nakayama T, Takada M, Ohshima M, Usuki A, Hasegawa N, Okamoto H (2001) Biaxial flow-induced alignment of silicate layers in polypropylene/clay nanocomposite foam. Nano Lett 9:503–505CrossRef Okamoto M, Nam PH, Maiti P, Kotaka T, Nakayama T, Takada M, Ohshima M, Usuki A, Hasegawa N, Okamoto H (2001) Biaxial flow-induced alignment of silicate layers in polypropylene/clay nanocomposite foam. Nano Lett 9:503–505CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bikiaris D (2010) Microstructure and properties of polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Materials 3:2884–2946CrossRef Bikiaris D (2010) Microstructure and properties of polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Materials 3:2884–2946CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalaitzidou K, Fukushima H, Askeland P, Drzal LT (2008) The nucleating effect of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets and their influence on the crystal structure and electrical conductivity of polypropylene nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 43:2895–2907. doi:10.1007/s10853-007-1876-3 CrossRef Kalaitzidou K, Fukushima H, Askeland P, Drzal LT (2008) The nucleating effect of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets and their influence on the crystal structure and electrical conductivity of polypropylene nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 43:2895–2907. doi:10.​1007/​s10853-007-1876-3 CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Sandler JKW, Pegel S, Cadek M, Gojny F, van Es M, Lohmar J, Blau WJ, Schulte K, Windle AH, Shaffer MSP (2004) A comparative study of melt spun polyamide-12 fibres reinforced with carbon nanotubes and nanofibres. Polymer 45:2001–2015CrossRef Sandler JKW, Pegel S, Cadek M, Gojny F, van Es M, Lohmar J, Blau WJ, Schulte K, Windle AH, Shaffer MSP (2004) A comparative study of melt spun polyamide-12 fibres reinforced with carbon nanotubes and nanofibres. Polymer 45:2001–2015CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu K, Grossiord N, Koning CE, Miltner HE, van Mele B, Loos J (2008) Carbon nanotube/isotactic polypropylene composites prepared by latex technology: morphology analysis of CNT-induced nucleation. Macromolecules 21:8081–8085CrossRef Lu K, Grossiord N, Koning CE, Miltner HE, van Mele B, Loos J (2008) Carbon nanotube/isotactic polypropylene composites prepared by latex technology: morphology analysis of CNT-induced nucleation. Macromolecules 21:8081–8085CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat García-Gutiérrez MC, Hernandez JJ, Nogales A, Panine P, Rueda DR, Ezquerra TA (2008) Influence of shear on the templated crystallization of poly (butylene terephthalate)/single wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Macromolecules 41:844–851CrossRef García-Gutiérrez MC, Hernandez JJ, Nogales A, Panine P, Rueda DR, Ezquerra TA (2008) Influence of shear on the templated crystallization of poly (butylene terephthalate)/single wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Macromolecules 41:844–851CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Haggenmueller R, Fischer JE, Winey KI (2006) Single wall carbon nanotube/polyethylene nanocomposites: nucleating and templating polyethylene crystallites. Macromolecules 8:2964–2971CrossRef Haggenmueller R, Fischer JE, Winey KI (2006) Single wall carbon nanotube/polyethylene nanocomposites: nucleating and templating polyethylene crystallites. Macromolecules 8:2964–2971CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu HS, Dai XJ, Lamb PR, Li ZM (2009) Poly (L-lactide) crystallization induced by multiwall carbon nanotubes at very low loading. J Polym Sci Part B 47:2341–2352CrossRef Xu HS, Dai XJ, Lamb PR, Li ZM (2009) Poly (L-lactide) crystallization induced by multiwall carbon nanotubes at very low loading. J Polym Sci Part B 47:2341–2352CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu JZ, Chen T, Yang CL, Li ZM, Mao YM, Zeng BQ, Hsiao BS (2010) Isothermal crystallization of poly (L-lactide) induced by graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes: a comparative study. Macromolecules 43:5000–5008CrossRef Xu JZ, Chen T, Yang CL, Li ZM, Mao YM, Zeng BQ, Hsiao BS (2010) Isothermal crystallization of poly (L-lactide) induced by graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes: a comparative study. Macromolecules 43:5000–5008CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Anoop AK, Agarwal US, Joseph R (2006) Carbon nanotubes induced crystallization of poly (ethylene terephthalate). Polymer 11:3976–3980CrossRef Anoop AK, Agarwal US, Joseph R (2006) Carbon nanotubes induced crystallization of poly (ethylene terephthalate). Polymer 11:3976–3980CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Sundararajan PR, Singh S, Moniruzzaman M (2004) Surfactant-induced crystallization of polycarbonate. Macromolecules 26:10208–10211CrossRef Sundararajan PR, Singh S, Moniruzzaman M (2004) Surfactant-induced crystallization of polycarbonate. Macromolecules 26:10208–10211CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhai WT, Yu J, Ma WM, He JS (2007) Cosolvent effect of water in supercritical carbon dioxide facilitating induced crystallization of polycarbonate. Polym Eng Sci 9:1338–1343CrossRef Zhai WT, Yu J, Ma WM, He JS (2007) Cosolvent effect of water in supercritical carbon dioxide facilitating induced crystallization of polycarbonate. Polym Eng Sci 9:1338–1343CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Sung YT, Kum CK, Lee HS, Byon NS, Yoon HG, Kim WN (2005) Dynamic mechanical and morphological properties of polycarbonate/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. Polymer 46:5656–5661CrossRef Sung YT, Kum CK, Lee HS, Byon NS, Yoon HG, Kim WN (2005) Dynamic mechanical and morphological properties of polycarbonate/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. Polymer 46:5656–5661CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Leelapornpisit W, Ton-That MT, Perrin-Sarazin F, Cole KC, Denault J, Simard B (2005) Effect of carbon nanotubes on the crystallization and properties of polypropylene. J Polym Sci Part B 43:2445–2453CrossRef Leelapornpisit W, Ton-That MT, Perrin-Sarazin F, Cole KC, Denault J, Simard B (2005) Effect of carbon nanotubes on the crystallization and properties of polypropylene. J Polym Sci Part B 43:2445–2453CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Valentini L, Biagiotti J, Kenny JM, Santucci S (2003) Effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the crystallization behavior of polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 87:708–713CrossRef Valentini L, Biagiotti J, Kenny JM, Santucci S (2003) Effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the crystallization behavior of polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 87:708–713CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Peneva Y, Valcheva M, Minkova L, Mičušík M, Omastová M (2008) Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and microhardness of PP/CNT composites. J Macromol Sci B 47:1197–1210CrossRef Peneva Y, Valcheva M, Minkova L, Mičušík M, Omastová M (2008) Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and microhardness of PP/CNT composites. J Macromol Sci B 47:1197–1210CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Cadek M, Coleman JN, Ryan KP, Nicolosi V, Bister G, Fonseca A, Nagy JB, Szostak K, Béguin F, Blau WJ (2004) Reinforcement of polymers with carbon nanotubes: the role of nanotube surface area. Nano Lett 4:353–356CrossRef Cadek M, Coleman JN, Ryan KP, Nicolosi V, Bister G, Fonseca A, Nagy JB, Szostak K, Béguin F, Blau WJ (2004) Reinforcement of polymers with carbon nanotubes: the role of nanotube surface area. Nano Lett 4:353–356CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta A, Choudhary V (2013) Rheologic and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-reinforced poly(trimethylene terephthalate) composites. J Mater Sci 48:3347–3356. doi:10.1007/s10853-012-7025-7 CrossRef Gupta A, Choudhary V (2013) Rheologic and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-reinforced poly(trimethylene terephthalate) composites. J Mater Sci 48:3347–3356. doi:10.​1007/​s10853-012-7025-7 CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Park WK, Kim JH, Lee SS, Kim J, Lee GW, Park M (2005) Effect of carbon nanotube pre-treatment on dispersion and electrical properties of melt mixed multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly (methyl methacrylate) composites. Macromol Res 13:206–211CrossRef Park WK, Kim JH, Lee SS, Kim J, Lee GW, Park M (2005) Effect of carbon nanotube pre-treatment on dispersion and electrical properties of melt mixed multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly (methyl methacrylate) composites. Macromol Res 13:206–211CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Qiu J, Wang GJ, Zhao CX (2008) Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Nanopart Res 10:659–663CrossRef Qiu J, Wang GJ, Zhao CX (2008) Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Nanopart Res 10:659–663CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Hemmati M, Rahimi GH, Kaganj AB, Sepehri S, Rashidi AM (2008) Rheological and mechanical characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polypropylene nanocomposites. J Macromol Sci B 47:1176–1187CrossRef Hemmati M, Rahimi GH, Kaganj AB, Sepehri S, Rashidi AM (2008) Rheological and mechanical characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polypropylene nanocomposites. J Macromol Sci B 47:1176–1187CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu SF, Zhu XB, Hu W, Yan L, Cai C (2013) Crystallization behaviors and foaming properties of diatomite-filled polypropylene composites. Polym Bull 70:517–533CrossRef Hu SF, Zhu XB, Hu W, Yan L, Cai C (2013) Crystallization behaviors and foaming properties of diatomite-filled polypropylene composites. Polym Bull 70:517–533CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Jyoti J, Singh BP, Rajput S, Singh VN, Dhakate SR (2016) Detailed dynamic rheological studies of multiwall carbon nanotube-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composite. J Mater Sci 51:2643–2652. doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9578-8 CrossRef Jyoti J, Singh BP, Rajput S, Singh VN, Dhakate SR (2016) Detailed dynamic rheological studies of multiwall carbon nanotube-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composite. J Mater Sci 51:2643–2652. doi:10.​1007/​s10853-015-9578-8 CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Thess A, Lee R, Hikolaev P, Dai H, Petit P, Robert J, Xu CH, Lee YH, Kim SG, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, Scuseria GE, Tománek D, Fischer JE, Smalley RE (1996) Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes. Science 273:483–487CrossRef Thess A, Lee R, Hikolaev P, Dai H, Petit P, Robert J, Xu CH, Lee YH, Kim SG, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, Scuseria GE, Tománek D, Fischer JE, Smalley RE (1996) Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes. Science 273:483–487CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian D, Dickey EC, Andrews R, Rantell T (2000) Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites. Appl Phys Lett 76:2868–2870CrossRef Qian D, Dickey EC, Andrews R, Rantell T (2000) Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites. Appl Phys Lett 76:2868–2870CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Spitalsky Z, Tasis D, Papagelis K, Galiotis C (2010) Carbon nanotube-polymer composites: chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties. Prog Polym Sci 35:357–401CrossRef Spitalsky Z, Tasis D, Papagelis K, Galiotis C (2010) Carbon nanotube-polymer composites: chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties. Prog Polym Sci 35:357–401CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta AK, Purwar SN (1984) Crystallization of PP in PP/SEBS blends and its correlation with tensile properties. J Appl Polym Sci 29:1595–1609CrossRef Gupta AK, Purwar SN (1984) Crystallization of PP in PP/SEBS blends and its correlation with tensile properties. J Appl Polym Sci 29:1595–1609CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeziorny A (1978) Parameters characterizing the kinetics of the non-isothermal crystallization of poly (ethylene terephthalate) determined by DSC. Polymer 19:1142–1144CrossRef Jeziorny A (1978) Parameters characterizing the kinetics of the non-isothermal crystallization of poly (ethylene terephthalate) determined by DSC. Polymer 19:1142–1144CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Soitong T, Pumchusak J (2011) The relationship of crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and morphology of polypropylene nanocomposite fibers. J Mater Sci 46:1697–1704. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4987-1 CrossRef Soitong T, Pumchusak J (2011) The relationship of crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and morphology of polypropylene nanocomposite fibers. J Mater Sci 46:1697–1704. doi:10.​1007/​s10853-010-4987-1 CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng J, Zhu ZM, Qi J, Zhou Z, Li P, Peng M (2011) Preparation of isotactic polypropylene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (iPP-g-MWNTs) by macroradical addition in solution and the properties of iPP-g-MWNTs/iPP composites. J Mater Sci 46:648–658. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4787-7 CrossRef Zheng J, Zhu ZM, Qi J, Zhou Z, Li P, Peng M (2011) Preparation of isotactic polypropylene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (iPP-g-MWNTs) by macroradical addition in solution and the properties of iPP-g-MWNTs/iPP composites. J Mater Sci 46:648–658. doi:10.​1007/​s10853-010-4787-7 CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Boccaccini AR, Thomas BJC, Brusatin G, Colombo P (2007) Mechanical and electrical properties of hot-pressed borosilicate glass matrix composites containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes. J Mater Sci 42:2030–2036. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-0540-7 CrossRef Boccaccini AR, Thomas BJC, Brusatin G, Colombo P (2007) Mechanical and electrical properties of hot-pressed borosilicate glass matrix composites containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes. J Mater Sci 42:2030–2036. doi:10.​1007/​s10853-006-0540-7 CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Moniruzzaman M, Winey KI (2006) Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. Macromolecules 39:5194–5205CrossRef Moniruzzaman M, Winey KI (2006) Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. Macromolecules 39:5194–5205CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Polypropylene/hydroxyl-multiwall carbon nanotubes composites: crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and foaming performance
verfasst von
Zhishan Li
Mingjie Chen
Weihua Ma
Publikationsdatum
28.01.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Materials Science / Ausgabe 9/2016
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9770-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2016

Journal of Materials Science 9/2016 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.