Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Introduction: The New International Division of Labour and the Critique of Political Economy Today Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. ‘Post-neoliberalism’ in the International Division of Labour: The Divergent Cases of Ecuador and Venezuela

verfasst von : Thomas F. Purcell

Erschienen in: The New International Division of Labour

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The global rise in primary commodity prices in recent years has put the question of the use of income from natural resources for developmental goals back on the political agenda across Latin America. Purcell examines the distinction between agricultural and mining landownership, in the context of global transformation associated with the international division labour, so as to explain the developmental trajectories of Ecuador and Venezuela. He argues that dual landlordism in Ecuador—in the form of an agro-export elite and a state-controlled oil sector—contrasts with the singular dominance of the state-controlled oil sector in Venezuela, and this, for Purcell, explains the manner in which the two national forms of insertion into the international division of labour have determined different national variants of ‘post-neoliberalism’.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Revisiting the New International Division of Labour Thesis
Nächstes Kapitel The New International Division of Labour in ‘High-Tech Production’: The Genesis of Ireland’s Boom in the 1990s
Fußnoten
1
For data on the primary commodity boom since the early 2000s, relating to demand for raw materials produced in Latin America specifically, see Arboleda (2015: 2).
 
2
The term post-neoliberalism is widely used as shorthand to describe the policy and rhetoric adopted by left-populist governments across Latin America from the 2000s.
 
3
See Note 3 in Chap. 3, for a definition of these different types of ground-rent. What is specific about landlords in the petroleum industry is their capacity to determine the location of marginal lands. By restricting production and monopoly rents, the latter then forms the basis for the appropriation of further differential rents because the higher price permits capital to invest in lands not previously used in production (Fitzsimons 2014: 141; Fitzsimons 2015: 10). It should be noted that in practice the different forms of rent never exist in isolation (Caligaris 2014); the schematic differentiation made in this chapter does however help to explain distinct concrete political forms taken by state policies when one type of rent predominates over others.
 
4
This was the institutional-juridical means by which the landlord state in Venezuela tried to secure the fullest possible appropriation of ground-rent.
 
5
By the time Ecuador discovered large oil deposits in 1967 and began large-scale exports in 1972, a small agro-exporting landlord class was well institutionalised as a financial-commercial-rentier elite (Chiriboga 1978; Conaghan 1988).
 
6
Estimates of an equilibrium exchange rate for Venezuela are somewhere around BsF 30 to the US dollar (Weisbrot 2014).
 
7
Because of the historic magnitude of currency overvaluation in Venezuela, oil has been the only commodity that can pass through the overvalued exchange rate while allowing oil-producing capitals to valorise normally.
 
8
With interest rates at 15 per cent and annual inflation running at 60 per cent in Venezuela, trading in dollars is estimated to be 50 times more profitable than either saving or investing in productive activities (Lozada 2013).
 
9
Since the 2002–2003 business lock-out and attempted coup against Chávez, business groups have attempted to use their control of imports as political leverage, inducing shortages and driving up prices to spread political disaffection with the government. Meanwhile, speculation on imports, bribing customs officials, and smuggling goods over the border to Colombia (a phenomenon referred to as bachaqueo) have become such lucrative forms of appropriating ground-rent that they have acquired an almost systemic character.
 
10
This illustrates the tendency for dollarised economies in Latin America to incentivise imports over exports (Hira and Dean 2004).
 
11
ALBA-TCP member states include Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Venezuela.
 
12
Ecuador refused to sign the Andean Trade Preference Act with the US—a stance linked to the right to grant asylum to National Security Agency defector Ed Snowden—and removed US forces from a military base in Manta they were using as a forward operating location in the ‘war on drugs’ in Colombia. In June 2011, Ecuador was the only country to hold out over the vote to readmit Honduras to the Organisation of American States following the coup against Manuel Zeyala. In 2012, Ecuador also boycotted the sixth Summit of the Americas in Colombia in protest at the exclusion of Cuba (Becker 2012: 74, 81).
 
13
See presentation by Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra America Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Committee on World Food Security 39, Rome, Italy, 19 October 2012 (available at: http://​www.​fao.​org/​fileadmin/​templates/​cfs/​Docs1112/​CFS39Docs/​SpecialSession/​CFS_​39_​Special_​Session_​Alba_​Food_​Sp.​pdf, accessed 29 May 2015).
 
14
Together with Chile and Mexico, which also have market-oriented economies, the ALBA-TCP countries have formed the Pacific Alliance—a regional trade and investment bloc (Lansberg-Rodriguez 2014).
 
Literatur
Aponte García, M. 2014. El nuevo regionalismo estratégico: los primeros diez años del ALBA-TCP. Buenos Aires: CLACSO.
Arboleda, M. 2015. Spaces of Extraction, Metropolitan Explosions: Planetary Urbanization and the Commodity Boom in Latin America. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Early View version, at http://​onlinelibrary.​wiley.​com/​doi/​10.​1111/​1468-2427.​12290/​epdf.​
Baptista, A., and B. Mommer. 1987. El petróleo en el pensamiento económico venezolano: Un ensayo. Caracas: Ediciones IESA.
Bebbington, A., and D. Bebbington. 2011. An Andean Avatar: Post-neoliberal and Neoliberal Strategies for Securing the Unobtainable. New Political Economy 16(1): 131–45.CrossRef
Becker, M. 2012. Building a Plurinational Ecuador: Complications and Contradictions. Socialism and Democracy 26(3): 72–92.CrossRef
Bonefeld, W. 2008. Global Capital, National State, and the International. Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 36(1): 63–72.CrossRef
Caligaris, G. 2014. Dos debates en torno a la renta de la tierra y sus implicancias para el análisis de la acumulación de capital en la Argentina. Razón y Revolución 27: 63–83.
CDES. 2014. Las negociaciones con la Unión Europea: hacia un Tratado de Libre Comercio. Quito: Centro de Derechos Económicos y Sociales.
Chiriboga, M. 1978. Conformacion historica del regimen agroexportador de la costa ecuatoriana: la plantacion cacaotera. Estudios Rurales Latinoamericanos 1(1): 111–43.
Conaghan, C. 1988. Restructuring Domination: Industrialists and the State in Ecuador. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Corden, W.M., and J.P. Neary. 1982. Booming Sector and De-industrialisation in a Small Open Economy. Economic Journal 92(368): 829–31.CrossRef
Fitzsimons, A. 2014. Estado y Acumulación de capital en Argentina: la expansión de las empresas extranjeras entre 1958 y 1963. Unpublished PhD diss. Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Fitzsimons, A. 2015. La renta de la tierra en la industria petrolera global: determinaciones generales y desarrollo histórico hasta 1970 desde una perspectiva marxiana. Working Paper, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Fröbel, F., J. Heinrichs, and O. Kreye. 1980. The New International Division of Labour: Structural Unemployment in Industrialised Countries and Industrialisation in Developing Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gastambide, A. 2010. El camino hacia la dolarización en Ecuador. Quito: FLACSO sede Ecuador.
Grinberg, N. 2010. Where Is Latin America Going? FTAA or “Twenty-first-Century Socialism”? Latin American Perspectives 30(1): 185–202.CrossRef
Grinberg, N., and G. Starosta. 2009. The Limits of Studies in Comparative Development of East Asia and Latin America: The Case of Land Reform and Agrarian Policies. Third World Quarterly 30(4): 761–77.CrossRef
Harvey, D. 2005. Spaces of Neoliberalization: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Hein, W. 1980. Oil and the Venezuelan State. In Oil and Class Struggle, ed. P. Nore and T. Turner. London: Zed Press.
Hira, A., and J.W. Dean. 2004. Distributional Effects of Dollarisation: The Latin American Case. Third World Quarterly 25(3): 461–82.CrossRef
Iñigo Carrera, J. 2006. Argentina: The Reproduction of Capital Accumulation Through Political Crisis. Historical Materialism 14(1): 185–219.CrossRef
Iñigo Carrera, J. 2007. La formación económica de la sociedad argentina. Volumen I, Renta agraria, ganancia industrial y deuda externa. 1882–2004. Buenos Aires: Imago Mundi.
Kornblihtt, J. 2015. Oil Rent Appropriation, Capital Accumulation, and Social Expenditure in Venezuela During Chavism. World Review of Political Economy 6(1): 58–74.CrossRef
Lebowitz, M.A. 2006. Build It Now: Socialism for the Twenty-first Century. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Maiguashca, J., and L. North. 1991. Origenes y significados del velasquismo: lucha de clases y participación política en el Ecuador, 1920-1972. In La cuestión regional y el poder, ed. R. Quintero. Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional.
Marx, K. 1981. Capital, vol. 3. London: Penguin.
Ministerio de Coordinación de la Política Económica. 2011. Agenda de la Política Económica para el Buen Vivir 2011–2013. Quito: Ministerio de Coordinación de la Política Económica.
Muhr, T. 2012. (Re)constructing Popular Power in Our America: Venezuela and the regionalisation of “revolutionary democracy” in the ALBA-TCP space. Third World Quarterly 33(2): 225–41.CrossRef
Muñoz, F. 2013. Forma de Estado y régimen político en el gobierno de Rafael Correa. In El correísmo al desnudo, ed. A. Acosta et al. Quito: Montecristi Vive.
Pérez, C. 2008. A Vision for Latin America: A Resource-Based Strategy for Technological Dynamism and Social Inclusion. Working Paper 08-04, Globelics, 5 July.
Pérez Sáinz, J.P., and P. Zarembka. 1979. Accumulation and the State in Venezuelan Industrialization. Latin American Perspectives 6(3): 5–29.CrossRef
Purcell, T.F. 2013. The Political Economy of Social Production Companies in Venezuela. Latin American Perspectives 40(3): 146–68.CrossRef
Raby, D.L. 2006. Democracy and Revolution: Latin America and Socialism Today. London: Pluto Press.
Ruiz Acosta, M., and P. Iturralde. 2013. La alquemia de la riqueza: Estado, petróleo y patrón de acumulación en Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Derechos Económicos y Sociales.
Unda, M. 2013. Modernización del capitalismo y reforma del Estado. In El correísmo al desnudo, ed. A. Acosta et al. Quito: Montecristi Vive.
Weyland, K. 2009. The Rise of Latin America’s Two Lefts: Insights from Rentier State Theory. Comparative Politics 41(2): 145–64.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
‘Post-neoliberalism’ in the International Division of Labour: The Divergent Cases of Ecuador and Venezuela
verfasst von
Thomas F. Purcell
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Buch
The New International Division of Labour

Print ISBN: 978-1-137-53871-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-137-53872-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53872-7_5