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Erschienen in:
Introduction: The 360 Degrees of Cashlessness Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Pre-1900 Utopian Visions of the ‘Cashless Society’

verfasst von : Matthew Hollow

Erschienen in: The Book of Payments

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

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Abstract

This chapter looks in more depth at the different ways in which ideas about cashless societies were articulated and explored in pre-1900 utopian literature. Taking examples from the works of key writers such as Thomas More, Robert Owen, William Morris and Edward Bellamy, it discusses the different ways in which the problems associated with conventional notes-and-coins monetary systems were tackled as well as looking at the proposals for alternative payment systems to take their place. Ultimately, what it shows is that although the desire to dispense with cash and find a more efficient and less-exploitable payment system is certainly nothing new, the practical problems associated with actually implementing such a system remain hugely challenging.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Introduction: The 360 Degrees of Cashlessness
Nächstes Kapitel The Banknote, a Momentous Innovation in Spain
Fußnoten
1
As Gregory Claeys notes, most pre-twenty-first-century utopian novels ‘trace the corruption of mankind to the origins of government and the foundation of private property.’ See, Gregory Claeys, Utopias of the British Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), xi–xvii.
 
2
As Frederic Jameson notes, one of the oldest utopian traits is the ‘dream of abolishing money, and of imagining a life without it…[and] the lived misery of money, the desperation of poorer societies, the pitiful media spectacles of the rich ones.’ See, Fredric Jameson, Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions (London: Verso, 2005), 231.
 
3
As Raphael Hythloday, the lost voyager narrating the account, tells his companions: ‘As long as there is property, and while money is the standard of all things, I cannot think that a nation can be governed either justly or happily.’ More, Sir Thomas, Utopia (Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview; London : Eurospan [distributor], 2010), 39.
 
4
More also describes an incident where a travelling party of foreign diplomats, unfamiliar with the customs of the Island of Utopia, sought to impress their hosts by dressing up in the most ornate and elaborate gold jewellery only to find themselves being laughed at and mocked by the locals of Utopia. See, Ibid, 95–100.
 
5
As he put it, the idea that ‘thousands and millions of our fellow men should be unemployed, in poverty, in ignorance, and many actually starving for want of the most common necessities of life, solely because there are not sufficient quantities of certain metals of little intrinsic value, to circulate as artificial money’ was ‘not only one of the most wild and absurd of all insane notions; but is also one of the most lamentable and criminal.’ Robert Owen, The Revolution in the Mind and Practice of the Human Race; or, the Coming Change from Irrationality to Rationality. With a Supplement 1849 (Clifton [N.J.] A. M. Kelley, 1973), 34–35.
 
6
Owen, Robert, The Revolution in the Mind and Practice of the Human Race; or, the Coming Change from Irrationality to Rationality. With a Supplement 1849, 53–54.
 
7
Ibid., 36.
 
8
Owen, Robert, Book of the New Moral World Pts 1–7, 26 (part II).
 
9
He was, however, broadly in favour of the Bank of England’s decision to suspend the convertibility of its bank notes in 1797, pointing out that ‘did not this nation support a most hazardous and expensive war for upwards of twenty years, with a circulating medium created by a private bankrupt company, and that merely through the declaration of a few men, deemed wealthy, that they would receive their paper as money?’ See, The Revolution in the Mind and Practice of the Human Race; or, the Coming Change from Irrationality to Rationality. With a Supplement 1849, 53 (part II).
 
10
William Morris, News from Nowhere (or An Epoch of Rest) (pp. 278. Roberts Bros.: Boston [Mass.], 1890), 9.
 
11
As Butler puts it, ‘everyone knew that their commercial value was nil, but all those who wished to be considered respectable thought it incumbent upon them to retain a few coins in their possession, and to let them be seen from time to time in their hands and purses.’ Samuel Butler, Erewhon: or Over the Range, 2nd Ed. ed. ([S.l.]: Trubner, 1872), 156.
 
12
Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 2000–1887, Third Edition (London: Ward, Lock, & Co., 1888).
 
13
Ibid., 49.
 
14
Ibid., 138.
 
Literatur
Arestis, P., & Sawyer, M. (Eds.). (2006). A handbook of alternative monetary economics. London: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Butler, S. (Ed.). (1872). Erewhon, or, over the range (2nd ed.). London: Trübner.
Gorb, P. (1951). Robert Owen as businessman. Bulletin of the Business History Society, 25(3), 127–148.CrossRef
Hardy, D. (1979). Alternative communities in nineteenth century England. London: Longman.
Schroeder, J. E. (2000). The consumer in society: Utopian visions revisited. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 18(6/7), 381–387.CrossRef
Wegner, P. (2002). Imaginary communities: Utopia, the nation, and the spatial histories of modernity. Berkeley/London: University of California Press.
Wiener, M. (1985/1981). English culture and the decline of the industrial spirit. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Metadaten
Titel
Pre-1900 Utopian Visions of the ‘Cashless Society’
verfasst von
Matthew Hollow
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Buch
The Book of Payments

Print ISBN: 978-1-137-60230-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-137-60231-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60231-2_2