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2018 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Predicting User Performance and Errors

Automated Usability Evaluation Through Computational Introspection of Model-Based User Interfaces

verfasst von: Dr. Marc Halbrügge

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This book proposes a combination of cognitive modeling with model-based user interface development to tackle the problem of maintaining the usability of applications that target several device types at once (e.g., desktop PC, smart phone, smart TV). Model-based applications provide interesting meta-information about the elements of the user interface (UI) that are accessible through computational introspection. Cognitive user models can capitalize on this meta-information to provide improved predictions of the interaction behavior of future human users of applications under development.

In order to achieve this, cognitive processes that link UI properties to usability aspects like effectiveness (user error) and efficiency (task completion time) are established empirically, are explained through cognitive modeling, and are validated in the course of this treatise. In the case of user error, the book develops an extended model of sequential action control based on the Memory for Goals theory and it is confirmed in different behavioral domains and experimental paradigms.

This new model of user cognition and behavior is implemented using the MeMo workbench and integrated with the model-based application framework MASP in order to provide automated usability predictions from early software development stages on. Finally, the validity of the resulting integrated system is confirmed by empirical data from a new application, eliciting unexpected behavioral patterns.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • What is usability, why is it important?
  • The dilemma of maintaining usability for multi-target systems
  • How model-based development help creating multi-target systems
  • Research direction: Can the model-based approach help to predict the usability of such systems as well?
Marc Halbrügge

Theoretical Background and Related Work

Frontmatter
Chapter 2. Interactive Behavior and Human Error
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • Usability is about how users use systems, i.e., user behavior. How is this characterized? What drives it?
  • Major properties of user behavior regarded here are a) the time needed and b) the errors made. What distinguishes erroneous from ‘normal’ behavior?
  • Which types of errors are important in HCI and how can these be explained theoretically?
Marc Halbrügge
Chapter 3. Model-Based UI Development (MBUID)
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • The MBUID process allows efficient development of multi-target applications
  • As a side-effect, this process produces rich meta-information about the resulting UI (e.g., the intended use patterns as task hierarchies)
  • Model-based runtime frameworks allow access to this meta-information through computational introspection.
Marc Halbrügge
Chapter 4. Automated Usability Evaluation (AUE)
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • Maintaining usability is important but costly if empirical evaluation is involved.
  • The more devices need to be covered, the costlier the usability evaluation.
  • Automated tools based on the psychological characteristics of the users may ease this situation.
  • Example: Automated evaluation based on MASP and MeMo (Quade 2015)
Marc Halbrügge

Empirical Results and Model Development

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. Introspection-Based Predictions of Human Performance
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • Prediction of the efficiency of an interface. How long does a task take?
  • UI meta-information can be exploited for improved predictions.
  • Access to the MBUID models allows to automate the evaluation process.
Marc Halbrügge
Chapter 6. Explaining and Predicting Sequential Error in HCI with Cognitive User Models
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • Predict the effectiveness of an interface. Is it error-prone?
  • Prerequisite: A theoretical account of action control and procedural error
  • Implementation as an executable user model in ACT-R (Anderson et al. 2004)
  • Together with the user model, UI meta-information can be used to predict error rates for different UI elements.
Marc Halbrügge
Chapter 7. The Competent User: How Prior Knowledge Shapes Performance and Errors
Abstract
In this chapter :
  • Unfamiliarity with concepts used in an interface may cause errors.
  • How can this be captured by a predictive system?
  • Modeling concept familiarity needs knowledge sources external to the UI
Marc Halbrügge

Application and Evaluation

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. A Deeply Integrated System for Introspection-Based Error Prediction
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • Combine the introspection-based predictions from Chap. 6 and the ontology-based approach from Chap. 7 into an integrated system for the automated usability evaluation of model-based applications.
  • Evaluation of the system using new data. Does it generalize well?
Marc Halbrügge
Chapter 9. The Unknown User: Does Optimizing for Errors and Time Lead to More Likable Systems?
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • Third aspect of usability has not been covered yet: user satisfaction.
  • Is it related to the concepts introduced in the previous chapters?
  • Can it be predicted as part of an AUE system?
Marc Halbrügge
Chapter 10. General Discussion and Conclusion
Abstract
In this chapter:
  • Recap the scientific contributions from the previous chapters.
  • Discussion on the background of the research questions stated in the introduction.
  • Concluding remarks and outlook.
Marc Halbrügge
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Predicting User Performance and Errors
verfasst von
Dr. Marc Halbrügge
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-60369-8
Print ISBN
978-3-319-60368-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60369-8

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