Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science 5/2018

28.11.2017 | Composites

Preparation and characterisation of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA)/starch (ST)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposite films as renewable materials

verfasst von: Zainab Waheed Abdullah, Yu Dong

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science | Ausgabe 5/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA)/starch (ST) films (weight ratio: 80/20) were prepared using a solution casting method, in the presence of 30 wt% glycerol (GL) as a plasticiser. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used as relatively new clay nanofillers to PVA/ST/GL blends for more economical material packaging. HNTs at filler loadings of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 wt% were incorporated to enhance mechanical and thermal properties of resulting PVA/ST/HNT nanocomposites. The tensile strength of such nanocomposites was found to be improved by 20 and 3.4%, respectively, with the inclusion of 0.25 and 0.5 wt% HNTs as opposed to those of PVA/ST/GL blends. However, a decreasing strength trend was observed beyond the HNT loading of 0.5 wt% due to HNT agglomeration, as evidenced by relevant micrographs via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, Young’s modulus was enhanced by 148% with the addition of 1 wt% HNTs when compared with PVA/ST/GL blends. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is indicative of slightly intercalated nanocomposite structures formed at low HNT loadings of 0.25–1 wt%. In general, the incorporation of HNTs improved the thermal stability of PVA/ST/GL blends by increasing melting and decomposition temperatures along with the reduction in weight loss.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Arora A, Padua GW (2010) Review: nanocomposites in food packaging. J Food Sci 75:R43–R49CrossRef Arora A, Padua GW (2010) Review: nanocomposites in food packaging. J Food Sci 75:R43–R49CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Rhim JW, Park HM, Ha CS (2013) Bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Prog Polym Sci 38:1629–1652CrossRef Rhim JW, Park HM, Ha CS (2013) Bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Prog Polym Sci 38:1629–1652CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah AA, Hasan F, Hameed A, Ahmed S (2008) Biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 26:246–265CrossRef Shah AA, Hasan F, Hameed A, Ahmed S (2008) Biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 26:246–265CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Siracusa V, Rocculi P, Romani S, Rosa MD (2008) Biodegradable polymers for food packaging: a review. Trend Food Sci Technol 19:634–643CrossRef Siracusa V, Rocculi P, Romani S, Rosa MD (2008) Biodegradable polymers for food packaging: a review. Trend Food Sci Technol 19:634–643CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Avérous L, Halley PJ (2009) Biocomposites based on plasticized starch. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 3:329–343CrossRef Avérous L, Halley PJ (2009) Biocomposites based on plasticized starch. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 3:329–343CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang W, Zhang H, Dai Y, Hou H, Dong H (2015) Effects of low poly(vinyl alcohol) content on properties of biodegradable blowing films based on two modified starches. J Thermoplast Compos 30:1017–1030CrossRef Wang W, Zhang H, Dai Y, Hou H, Dong H (2015) Effects of low poly(vinyl alcohol) content on properties of biodegradable blowing films based on two modified starches. J Thermoplast Compos 30:1017–1030CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdullah ZW, Dong Y, Davies IJ, Barbhuiya S (2017) PVA, PVA blends, and their nanocomposites for biodegradable packaging application. Polym Plast Technol Eng 56(12):1307–1344CrossRef Abdullah ZW, Dong Y, Davies IJ, Barbhuiya S (2017) PVA, PVA blends, and their nanocomposites for biodegradable packaging application. Polym Plast Technol Eng 56(12):1307–1344CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Li HZ, Chen SC, Wang YZ (2014) Thermoplastic PVA/PLA blends with improved processability and hydrophobicity. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:17355–17361CrossRef Li HZ, Chen SC, Wang YZ (2014) Thermoplastic PVA/PLA blends with improved processability and hydrophobicity. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:17355–17361CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang J, Lee DK (2003) Plasticizer effect on the melting and crystallization behavior of polyvinyl alcohol. Polymer 44:8139–8146CrossRef Jang J, Lee DK (2003) Plasticizer effect on the melting and crystallization behavior of polyvinyl alcohol. Polymer 44:8139–8146CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Luo X, Li J, Lin X (2012) Effect of gelatinization and additives on morphology and thermal behavior of corn starch/PVA blend films. Carbohydr Polym 90:1595–1600CrossRef Luo X, Li J, Lin X (2012) Effect of gelatinization and additives on morphology and thermal behavior of corn starch/PVA blend films. Carbohydr Polym 90:1595–1600CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Ismail H, Zaaba NF (2011) Effect of additives on properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/tapioca starch biodegradable films. Polym Plast Technol 50:1214–1219CrossRef Ismail H, Zaaba NF (2011) Effect of additives on properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/tapioca starch biodegradable films. Polym Plast Technol 50:1214–1219CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang X, Alavi S (2011) Recent advances in starch, polyvinyl alcohol based polymer blends, nanocomposites and their biodegradability. Carbohydr Polym 85:7–16CrossRef Tang X, Alavi S (2011) Recent advances in starch, polyvinyl alcohol based polymer blends, nanocomposites and their biodegradability. Carbohydr Polym 85:7–16CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Taghizadeh MT, Sabouri N (2013) Thermal degradation behavior of polyvinyl alcohol/starch/carboxymethyl cellulose/clay nanocomposites. Univers J Chem 1:21–29 Taghizadeh MT, Sabouri N (2013) Thermal degradation behavior of polyvinyl alcohol/starch/carboxymethyl cellulose/clay nanocomposites. Univers J Chem 1:21–29
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Aydın AA, Ilberg V (2016) Effect of different polyol-based plasticizers on thermal properties of poly vinyl-alcohol: starch blends. Carbohydr Polym 136:441–448CrossRef Aydın AA, Ilberg V (2016) Effect of different polyol-based plasticizers on thermal properties of poly vinyl-alcohol: starch blends. Carbohydr Polym 136:441–448CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Priya B, Gupta VK, Pathania D, Singha AS (2014) Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. Carbohydr Polym 109:171–179CrossRef Priya B, Gupta VK, Pathania D, Singha AS (2014) Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. Carbohydr Polym 109:171–179CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tian H, Yan J, Rajulu AV, Xiang A, Luo X (2017) Fabrication and properties of polyvinyl alcohol/starch blend films: effect of composition and humidity. In J Biol Macromol 96:518–523CrossRef Tian H, Yan J, Rajulu AV, Xiang A, Luo X (2017) Fabrication and properties of polyvinyl alcohol/starch blend films: effect of composition and humidity. In J Biol Macromol 96:518–523CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Sin LT, Rahman W, Rahmat A, Khan M (2010) Detection of synergistic interactions of polyvinyl alcohol-cassava starch blends through DSC. Carbohydr Polym 79:224–226CrossRef Sin LT, Rahman W, Rahmat A, Khan M (2010) Detection of synergistic interactions of polyvinyl alcohol-cassava starch blends through DSC. Carbohydr Polym 79:224–226CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Othman N, Azahari NA, Ismail H (2011) Thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/corn starch blend film. Malays Polym J 6:147–154 Othman N, Azahari NA, Ismail H (2011) Thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/corn starch blend film. Malays Polym J 6:147–154
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Azahari NA, Othman N, Ismail H (2011) Biodegradation studies of polyvinyl-alcohol/corn starch blend films in solid and solution media. J Phys Sci 22:15–31 Azahari NA, Othman N, Ismail H (2011) Biodegradation studies of polyvinyl-alcohol/corn starch blend films in solid and solution media. J Phys Sci 22:15–31
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Sreekumar PA, Al-Harthi MA, De SK (2012) Effect of glycerol on thermal and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol/starch blends. J Appl Polym Sci 123:135–142CrossRef Sreekumar PA, Al-Harthi MA, De SK (2012) Effect of glycerol on thermal and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol/starch blends. J Appl Polym Sci 123:135–142CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Nistor M, Vasile C (2012) Influence of the nanoparticle type on the thermal decomposition of the green starch/poly (vinyl-alcohol)/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim 111:1903–1919CrossRef Nistor M, Vasile C (2012) Influence of the nanoparticle type on the thermal decomposition of the green starch/poly (vinyl-alcohol)/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim 111:1903–1919CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Nistor M, Vasile C (2013) TG/FTIR/MS study on the influence of nanoparticles content upon the thermal decomposition of starch/poly (vinyl-alcohol) montmorillonite nanocomposites. Iran Polym J 22:519–536CrossRef Nistor M, Vasile C (2013) TG/FTIR/MS study on the influence of nanoparticles content upon the thermal decomposition of starch/poly (vinyl-alcohol) montmorillonite nanocomposites. Iran Polym J 22:519–536CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Tian H, Wang K, Liu D, Yan J, Xiang A, Rajulu AV (2017) Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl-alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. Int J Biol Macromol 101:314–320CrossRef Tian H, Wang K, Liu D, Yan J, Xiang A, Rajulu AV (2017) Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (vinyl-alcohol)/corn starch blends by nanoclay intercalation. Int J Biol Macromol 101:314–320CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Bin-Dahman OA, Jose J, Al-Harthi MA (2016) Effect of natural weather aging on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch/graphene nanocomposite. Starch Starke 68:1–8CrossRef Bin-Dahman OA, Jose J, Al-Harthi MA (2016) Effect of natural weather aging on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch/graphene nanocomposite. Starch Starke 68:1–8CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Jose J, Al-Harthi MA, Alma’adeed MA, Dakua JB, De SK (2015) Effect of graphene loading on thermomechanical properties of poly(vinyl-alcohol)/starch blend. J Appl Polym Sci 132:1–8 (Article No. 41827) Jose J, Al-Harthi MA, Alma’adeed MA, Dakua JB, De SK (2015) Effect of graphene loading on thermomechanical properties of poly(vinyl-alcohol)/starch blend. J Appl Polym Sci 132:1–8 (Article No. 41827)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner AL, Cooper S, Riedlinger M (2005) Natural nanotubes enhance biodegradable and biocompatible nanocomposites. Ind Biotechnol 1:190–193CrossRef Wagner AL, Cooper S, Riedlinger M (2005) Natural nanotubes enhance biodegradable and biocompatible nanocomposites. Ind Biotechnol 1:190–193CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Nazir MS, Kassim MHM, Mohapatra L, Gilani MA, Raza MR, Majeed K (2016) Characteristic properties of nanoclays and characterization of nanoparticulates and nanocomposites. In: Jawaid M, Qaiss AK, Bouhfid R (eds) nanoclay reinforced polymer composites, nanocomposites and bionanocomposites. Springer, Singapore, pp 35–55CrossRef Nazir MS, Kassim MHM, Mohapatra L, Gilani MA, Raza MR, Majeed K (2016) Characteristic properties of nanoclays and characterization of nanoparticulates and nanocomposites. In: Jawaid M, Qaiss AK, Bouhfid R (eds) nanoclay reinforced polymer composites, nanocomposites and bionanocomposites. Springer, Singapore, pp 35–55CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu M, Jia Z, Jia D, Zhou C (2014) Recent advance in research on halloysite nanotubes-polymer nanocomposite. Prog Polym Sci 39:1498–1525CrossRef Liu M, Jia Z, Jia D, Zhou C (2014) Recent advance in research on halloysite nanotubes-polymer nanocomposite. Prog Polym Sci 39:1498–1525CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WY, Guo B, Liu M, Liao R, Rabie AB, Jia D (2010) Poly(vinyl-alcohol)/halloysite nanotubes bionanocomposite films: properties and in vitro osteoblasts and fibroblasts response. J Biomed Mater Res 93A:1574–1587 Zhou WY, Guo B, Liu M, Liao R, Rabie AB, Jia D (2010) Poly(vinyl-alcohol)/halloysite nanotubes bionanocomposite films: properties and in vitro osteoblasts and fibroblasts response. J Biomed Mater Res 93A:1574–1587
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Qiu K, Netravali AN (2013) Halloysite nanotube reinforced biodegradable nanocomposites using noncrosslinked and malonic acid crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol. Polym Compos 34:799–809CrossRef Qiu K, Netravali AN (2013) Halloysite nanotube reinforced biodegradable nanocomposites using noncrosslinked and malonic acid crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol. Polym Compos 34:799–809CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ali M (2016) Synthesis and study the effect of HNTs on PVA/Chitosan composite material. Int J Chem Mol Nucl Mater Metall Eng 10:234–240 Ali M (2016) Synthesis and study the effect of HNTs on PVA/Chitosan composite material. Int J Chem Mol Nucl Mater Metall Eng 10:234–240
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan B, Niazi MBK, Samin G, Jahan Z (2016) Thermoplastic starch: a possible biodegradable food packaging material—a review. J Food Proc Eng. ISSN 1745-4530 Khan B, Niazi MBK, Samin G, Jahan Z (2016) Thermoplastic starch: a possible biodegradable food packaging material—a review. J Food Proc Eng. ISSN 1745-4530
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Zagho MM, Khader MM (2016) The impact of clay loading on the relative intercalation of poly (vinyl alcohol)-clay composites. J Mater Sci Chem Eng 4:20–31 Zagho MM, Khader MM (2016) The impact of clay loading on the relative intercalation of poly (vinyl alcohol)-clay composites. J Mater Sci Chem Eng 4:20–31
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Dong Y, Bickford T, Haroosh HJ, Lau KT, Takagi H (2013) Multi-response analysis in the material characterisation of electrospun poly (lactic acid)/halloysite nanotube composite fibres based on Taguchi design of experiments: fibre diameter, non-intercalation and nucleation effects. Appl Phys A 112:747–757CrossRef Dong Y, Bickford T, Haroosh HJ, Lau KT, Takagi H (2013) Multi-response analysis in the material characterisation of electrospun poly (lactic acid)/halloysite nanotube composite fibres based on Taguchi design of experiments: fibre diameter, non-intercalation and nucleation effects. Appl Phys A 112:747–757CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Dong Y, Marshall J, Haroosh HJ, Mohammadzadehmoghadam S, Liu D, Qi X, Lau KT (2015) Polylactic acid (PLA)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) composite mats: influence of HNT content and modification. Compos A 76:28–36CrossRef Dong Y, Marshall J, Haroosh HJ, Mohammadzadehmoghadam S, Liu D, Qi X, Lau KT (2015) Polylactic acid (PLA)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) composite mats: influence of HNT content and modification. Compos A 76:28–36CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramaraj B (2006) Crosslinked poly (vinyl-alcohol) and starch composite films: study of their physicomechanical, thermal, and swelling properties. J Appl Polym Sci 103:1127–1132CrossRef Ramaraj B (2006) Crosslinked poly (vinyl-alcohol) and starch composite films: study of their physicomechanical, thermal, and swelling properties. J Appl Polym Sci 103:1127–1132CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Sadhu SD, Soni A, Varmani SG, Garg M (2014) Preparation of starch-poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) blend using potato and study of its mechanical properties. Int J Pharm Sci Invent 3:33–37 Sadhu SD, Soni A, Varmani SG, Garg M (2014) Preparation of starch-poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) blend using potato and study of its mechanical properties. Int J Pharm Sci Invent 3:33–37
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang S, Zou P, Xiong H, Tang H (2008) Effect of nano-SiO2 on the performance of starch/polyvinyl alcohol blend films. Carbohydr Polym 72:521–526CrossRef Tang S, Zou P, Xiong H, Tang H (2008) Effect of nano-SiO2 on the performance of starch/polyvinyl alcohol blend films. Carbohydr Polym 72:521–526CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Heidarian P, Behzad T, Sadeghi M (2017) Investigation of cross-linked PVA/starch biocomposites reinforced by cellulose nanofibrils isolated from aspen wood sawdust. Cellulose 24:3323–3339CrossRef Heidarian P, Behzad T, Sadeghi M (2017) Investigation of cross-linked PVA/starch biocomposites reinforced by cellulose nanofibrils isolated from aspen wood sawdust. Cellulose 24:3323–3339CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Guimarães M, Botaro VR, Novack KM, Teixeira FG, Tonoli GHD (2015) Starch/PVA-based nanocomposites reinforced with bamboo nanofibrils. Ind Crop Prod 70:72–83CrossRef Guimarães M, Botaro VR, Novack KM, Teixeira FG, Tonoli GHD (2015) Starch/PVA-based nanocomposites reinforced with bamboo nanofibrils. Ind Crop Prod 70:72–83CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu Z, Wu J, Peng T, Li Y, Lin D, Xing B, Li C, Yang Y, Yang L, Zhang L, Ma R, Wu W, Lv X, Dai J, Han G (2017) Preparation and application of starch/polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid ternary blend antimicrobial functional food packaging films. Polymers 9:1–19CrossRef Wu Z, Wu J, Peng T, Li Y, Lin D, Xing B, Li C, Yang Y, Yang L, Zhang L, Ma R, Wu W, Lv X, Dai J, Han G (2017) Preparation and application of starch/polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid ternary blend antimicrobial functional food packaging films. Polymers 9:1–19CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Akhavan A, Khoylou F, Ataeivarjovi E (2017) Preparation and characterization of gamma irradiated starch/PVA/ZnO nanocomposite films. Radiat Phys Chem 138:49–53CrossRef Akhavan A, Khoylou F, Ataeivarjovi E (2017) Preparation and characterization of gamma irradiated starch/PVA/ZnO nanocomposite films. Radiat Phys Chem 138:49–53CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Cano A, Fortunati E, Chafer M, Kenny J, Chiralt A, Gonzalez-Martinez C (2015) Properties and ageing behaviour of pea starch films as affected by blend with poly (vinyl-alcohol). Food Hydrocoll 48:84–93CrossRef Cano A, Fortunati E, Chafer M, Kenny J, Chiralt A, Gonzalez-Martinez C (2015) Properties and ageing behaviour of pea starch films as affected by blend with poly (vinyl-alcohol). Food Hydrocoll 48:84–93CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohsin M, Hossin A, Haik Y (2011) Thermomechanical properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) plasticized with varying ratios of sorbitol. Mater Sci Eng A 528:925–930CrossRef Mohsin M, Hossin A, Haik Y (2011) Thermomechanical properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) plasticized with varying ratios of sorbitol. Mater Sci Eng A 528:925–930CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Sin LT, Rahman WAWA, Rahmat AR, Mokhtar M (2011) Determination of thermal stability and activation energy of polyvinyl alcohol–cassava starch blends. Carbohydr Polym 83:303–305CrossRef Sin LT, Rahman WAWA, Rahmat AR, Mokhtar M (2011) Determination of thermal stability and activation energy of polyvinyl alcohol–cassava starch blends. Carbohydr Polym 83:303–305CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Tudorachi N, Cascaval CN, Rusu M, Pruteanu M (2000) Testing of polyvinyl alcohol and starch mixtures as biodegradable polymeric materials. Polym Test 19:785–799CrossRef Tudorachi N, Cascaval CN, Rusu M, Pruteanu M (2000) Testing of polyvinyl alcohol and starch mixtures as biodegradable polymeric materials. Polym Test 19:785–799CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim M, Kwon H, Kim D, Seo J, Han H, Khan SB (2015) Highly-enhanced water resistant and oxygen barrier properties of cross-linked poly (vinyl-alcohol) hybrid films for packaging applications. Prog Org Coat 85:68–75CrossRef Lim M, Kwon H, Kim D, Seo J, Han H, Khan SB (2015) Highly-enhanced water resistant and oxygen barrier properties of cross-linked poly (vinyl-alcohol) hybrid films for packaging applications. Prog Org Coat 85:68–75CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Sreedhar B, Sairam M, Chattopadhyay DK, Rathnam PA, Rao DV (2005) Thermal, mechanical, and surface characterization of starch-poly (vinyl-alcohol) blends and borax-crosslinked films. J Appl Polym Sci 96:1313–1322CrossRef Sreedhar B, Sairam M, Chattopadhyay DK, Rathnam PA, Rao DV (2005) Thermal, mechanical, and surface characterization of starch-poly (vinyl-alcohol) blends and borax-crosslinked films. J Appl Polym Sci 96:1313–1322CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Strawhecker KE, Manias E (2000) Structure and properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/Na+ montmorillonite nanocomposites. Chem Mater 12:2943–2949CrossRef Strawhecker KE, Manias E (2000) Structure and properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/Na+ montmorillonite nanocomposites. Chem Mater 12:2943–2949CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu M, Guo B, Du M, Jia D (2007) Drying induced aggregation of halloysite nanotubes in polyvinyl alcohol/halloysite nanotubes solution and its effect on properties of composite film. Appl Phys A 88:391–395CrossRef Liu M, Guo B, Du M, Jia D (2007) Drying induced aggregation of halloysite nanotubes in polyvinyl alcohol/halloysite nanotubes solution and its effect on properties of composite film. Appl Phys A 88:391–395CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Tee TT, Sin LT, Gobinath R, Bee ST, Hui D, Rahmat AR, Kong I, Fang QH (2013) Investigation of nano-size montmorillonite on enhancing polyvinyl alcohol-starch blends prepared via solution cast approach. Compos B 47:238–247CrossRef Tee TT, Sin LT, Gobinath R, Bee ST, Hui D, Rahmat AR, Kong I, Fang QH (2013) Investigation of nano-size montmorillonite on enhancing polyvinyl alcohol-starch blends prepared via solution cast approach. Compos B 47:238–247CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Preparation and characterisation of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA)/starch (ST)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposite films as renewable materials
verfasst von
Zainab Waheed Abdullah
Yu Dong
Publikationsdatum
28.11.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Materials Science / Ausgabe 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1812-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2018

Journal of Materials Science 5/2018 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.