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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Present and Future of the Exchange of Electronic Evidence in Europe

verfasst von : Maria Angela Biasiotti

Erschienen in: Handling and Exchanging Electronic Evidence Across Europe

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Crime has become global, and almost all crimes involve electronic evidence. A significant problem has become the exchange of data, across jurisdictions and between the domestic participants in the criminal judicial process. The exchange becomes crucial in counterterrorism operations and when dealing with global crimes. At the same time, a secure and trusted exchange of information and of electronic evidence relating to crimes is an important element in order to promote judicial cooperation in criminal matters, as well as to contribute to an effective and coherent application of EU Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) and European Investigation Order (EIO) procedures. This paper deals with the electronic evidence exchange in Europe, and more specifically with the new challenges of the implementation of the European Investigation Order Directive, in particular, and some of the results of the work carried out by the European Commission internally and by EU-funded projects. This contribution also proposes recommendations for future activities, and ideas for the follow-up of the results achieved and the policies promoted by the European Commission.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Introduction: Opportunities and Challenges for Electronic Evidence

Nächstes Kapitel e-Evidence and Access to Data in the Cloud Results of the Cloud Evidence Group of the Cybercrime Convention Committee

This is particularly true for international criminal organisations that have access to financial resources that are virtually unlimited.

“European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters”, Strasbourg, 20 April 1959, Article 1 (1). See also: “Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime”, Strasbourg, 8 November 1990, ETS No. 141, Article 7 (1); “Council of Europe Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons”, Strasbourg, 21 March 1983, ETS No. 112, Article 2 (1); “Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters”, Strasbourg, 8 November 2001, ETS No. 182, Article 1 (1); “Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime”, Budapest, 23 November 2001, ETS 185, Article 23.

Evidence Project—“European Informatics Data Exchange Framework for Courts and Evidence”, www.evidenceproject.eu.

Directive 2014/41/EU.

“Conclusioni del Consiglio europeo di Tampere” (15–16 October 1999), point 33 in www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/tam_it.htm.

“COM (2009) 624: Green Paper on obtaining evidence in criminal matters from one Member State to another and securing its admissibility.

The requirement of double criminality, cornerstone of the extradition system, implies that extradition cannot be granted if the offence which is the subject of the request is not considered by law as a crime by both legal systems of the states involved in the procedure.

The evidence warrant was repealed by Regulation (EU) 2016/95 of the European Parliament and of the Council on 20 January 2016, regarding the repeal of certain acts in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters.

Including the United Kingdom, excluding Ireland and Denmark.

The panel is an advisory body that can be established by the Commission or its services for advice and specialised expertise, consists of members of the public and/or private sector and meets more than once.

“Experts’ Meeting on the Setting Up of a Reliable and Secure e-platform for the European Investigation Order on Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA)”, in ec.europa.eu/transparency/ regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetail&groupID=636&NewSearch=1.

www.e-codex.eu.

Computer forensics is the science that deals with the preservation, identification and study of all the information that is contained in the computer to highlight the existence of evidence relevant to the fulfilment of investigation activities.

Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Programme JUST/2015/AG, proposed e-MLA, SEP-10333474.

The Committee on Computer Crimes (T-CY), established in the Council of Europe, in its 12th Plenary Session on 2–3 December 2014 decided to establish a working group (Cloud Evidence Group), giving it the mandate to study what solutions can be taken to ensure criminal justice access to evidence kept in cloud environments, including solutions that can be compatible with the procedures of mutual assistance.

For a more complete reconstruction of the position of the Council of Europe on the questions just cited, see the many official documents, in particular the work of the T-CY CLOUD EVIDENCE GROUP, “Criminal Justice Access to Data in the Cloud: Recommendations”, 16 September 2016, www.coe.int/cybercrime.

www.unodc.org/mla/en/index.html.

The paragraph takes into consideration the roadmap of the Evidence project, submitted to the European Commission in January 2017.

Deliverable D6.2 and Deliverable D6.3 from Interpol, EVIDENCE, “Status quo assessment and analysis of primary challenges and shortcomings” and “Identification of best practices and guidelines to be integrated into a comprehensive European Framework”, not public.

The Netherlands Register of Court Experts (NRGD), available to the Courts, was created in the Netherlands by a legislative measure in 2009, www.linkedin.com/company/the-netherlands-register-of-court-experts-nrgd-.

Aulitano S (2016) E-evidence in the European union. In: De Zan T, Aulitano S (eds) EUnited against crime: improving criminal justice in European union cyberspace. IAI Documents, 16–17 November 2016

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Castellaneta M (2009) Uno scambio di informazioni tra gli Stati per rafforzare la lotta al crimine organizzato. In: Guida al diritto, vol 30, pp 63–66

Council of the European Union (2016) Conclusioni del Consiglio sul miglioramento della giustizia penale nel cibserspazio. www.consilium.europa.eu/it/press/press-releases/2016/06/09-criminal-activities-cyberspace

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Del Coco R (2015) Ordine Europeo di indagine e poteri sanzionatori del giudice. www.penalecontemporaneo.it

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Seger A (2016) E-evidence and access to data in the cloud. Issues and options under consideration by the cloud evidence group of the cybercrime convention committee. In: Cajani F, Cernuto G et al (eds) Le nuove frontiere della’cquisizione degli elementi di prova nel cyberspace. IISFA, Available only as an ebook on www.amazon.it

Siracusano F (2016) Procedure di cooperazione giudiziaria e garanzie difensive: lungo la strada, a piccoli passi. Archivio Penale 3:14 pp

Spencer JR (2014) Il principio del mutuo riconoscimento. In: Kostoris RE (ed) Manuale di procedura penale europea, 2nd edn. Giuffrè, Milan, p 235

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Titel: Present and Future of the Exchange of Electronic Evidence in Europe
verfasst von: Maria Angela Biasiotti
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Handling and Exchanging Electronic Evidence Across Europe
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74871-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-74872-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74872-6_2

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