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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Private Sector Space Mining Initiatives and Policies in the United States

verfasst von : Ram S. Jakhu, Joseph N. Pelton, Yaw Otu Mankata Nyampong

Erschienen in: Space Mining and Its Regulation

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The private space companies were able to build their new space mining companies on the base of U. S. government space programs that have been active for a half century. NASA has been sending space probes and astronauts into space to understand the composition of the Moon, the planets and their moons, and the Sun with scores of scientific missions. It is these efforts that set the stage for possible exploitation of natural resources in space today. This chapter provides an insight to the many U. S. space missions conducted in past decades to explore the Solar System and its composition and character. This key exploratory information plus new contracts by NASA to the start-up private space mining activities represent vital support to the various space mining ventures.

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Fußnoten
1
The X-Prize was modeled on the Orteig Prize offered in 1919 to the first pilot who could cross the Atlantic in a non-stop flight. Charles Lindbergh won the price in 1927. See The X-Prize Foundation online: http://​www.​xprize.​org/​ (Date accessed: 13 March 2013). “Virgin Galactic unveils SpaceShipTwo, the world’s first manned commercial spaceship” (December 7, 2009) online: Virgin Galactic: http://​www.​virgingalactic.​com/​news/​item/​virgin-galactic-unveils-spaceshiptwo-the-worlds-first-commercial-manned-spaceship/​ (Date accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
2
For an overview of the SpaceX company, see online: SpaceX http://​www.​spacex.​com/​company.​php (Date accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
3
George Knapp, “The ultimate public-private partnership” The Las Vegas Mercury (July 8 2004) online: The Las Vegas Mercury http://​www.​lasvegasmercury.​com/​2004/​MERC-Jul-08-Thu-2004/​24250261.​html (Date accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
4
Stephen Foley, “NASA seeks private investor backing for mission to Mars” The Independent [UK] (October 4 2006) online: The Independent http://​www.​independent.​co.​uk/​news/​business/​news/​nasa-seeks-private-investor-backing-for-mission-to-mars-418648.​html (Date accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
5
Graham Templeton, “60,000 miles up: Space Elevator could be built by 2035” Extreme Tech, March 6, 2014: http://​www.​extremetech.​com/​extreme/​176625-60000-miles-up-geostationary-space-elevator-could-be-built-by-2035-says-new-study (Date accessed: August 16, 2015).
 
6
NASA, Boeing, SpaceX Discuss Plan for Launching American Astronauts from U.S. in 2017: http://​www.​nasa.​gov/​centers/​kennedy/​news/​release-20150121.​html (Date accessed: August 17, 2015).
 
8
DARPA Orbital Express Fact Sheet, http://​archive.​darpa.​mil/​orbitalexpress/​pdf/​oe_​fact_​sheet_​final.​pdf (Date accessed: August 19, 2015).
 
9
Mike Wall, “US Military’s Bold Phoenix Satellite-Recycling Project Enters New Phase” Space.com April 25, 2014.
 
10
Planetary Resources, Inc. Press Conference, April 24, 2012. Link to the official announcement available from the company website, online: http://​www.​planetaryresourc​es.​com/​.
 
12
Planetary Resources, “Asteroid mining plans revealed by Planetary Resources, Inc.: Expanding the resource base of humanity to include the solar system”, Planetary Resources, April 24, 2012, online: http://​www.​planetaryresourc​es.​com/​2012/​04/​asteroid-mining-plans-revealed-by-planetary-resources-inc/​.
 
13
Planetary Resources, “Asteroid mining plans revealed by Planetary Resources, Inc.: Expanding the resource base of humanity to include the solar system”, Planetary Resources, 24 April 2012, online: http://​www.​planetaryresourc​es.​com/​2012/​04/​asteroid-mining-plans-revealed-by-planetary-resources-inc/​ (Last accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
14
Ibid.
 
15
M. H., “Fool’s platinum?” The Economist, 1 February 2013, online: http://​www.​economist.​com/​blogs/​babbage/​2013/​01/​asteroid-mining (Last accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
16
“US company aims to ‘harvest’ asteroids”, 22 January 2013, online: http://​www.​spacedaily.​com/​reports/​US_​company_​aims_​to_​harvest_​asteroids_​999.​html (Last accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
17
Deep Space Industries website: http://​deepspaceindustr​ies.​com (Date accessed: August 2015).
 
18
Ibid.
 
20
“Deep Space Industry Asteroid Mining Plan,” Business Insider: http://​www.​businessinsider.​com/​deep-space-industry-asteroid-mining-plan-2013-2 (Date accessed: August 20, 2015).
 
21
Golden Spike Company Vision: “The Golden Spike Company has been formed to monetize the exploration of the Moon through sales of expeditions and their surrounding media and merchandizing revenues.” See the company vision on the website: http://​goldenspikecompa​ny.​com/​about-us/​golden-spike-history/​ (Last accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
23
Chris Bergin, “Golden Spike Contract Northrop Grumman for Lunar Lander” NASA Spaceflight.com (January 3, 2013): http://​www.​nasaspaceflight.​com/​2013/​01/​golden-spike-northrop-grumman-lunar-lander/​ (Date accessed: August 20, 2015).
 
24
Ibid.
 
25
http://​www.​shackletonenergy​.​com/​ (Date accessed: April 2, 2013).
 
26
“Energy company wants to be first to mine the moon,” http://​www.​networkworld.​com/​community/​blog/​energy-company-wants-be-first-mine-moon (Date accessed: April 2, 2013).
 
27
Doug Messier, “Exclusive: Shackleton Energy Company Launches Plan for First Lunar Mining Operation,” November 9, 2011: http://​www.​parabolicarc.​com/​2011/​11/​09/​exclusive-shackleton-energy-company-launches-plan-for-first-lunar-mining-operation/​ (Date accessed: April 2, 2013).
 
29
Moon Express Announces First Successful Flight Test of Lunar Lander System Developed with NASA Partnership: http://​www.​spaceref.​com/​news/​viewpr.​html?​pid=​33991 (Date accessed: August 28, 2015).
 
31
http://​b612foundation.​org/​about-us/​ (Date accessed: April 2, 2013).
 
32
See “Ball Aerospace/B612 Foundation Sign Contract for Sentinel Mission,” Oct. 30, 2012: http://​b612foundation.​org/​newsroom/​press-releases/​ball-aerospaceb612-foundation-sign-contract-for-sentinel-mission/​ (Date accessed: April 2, 2013).
 
34
Adam Mann, “Tech Billionaires Plan Audacious Mission to Mine Asteroid,” 23 April 2012, online: http://​www.​wired.​com/​wiredscience/​2012/​04/​planetary-resources-asteroid-mining/​ (Last accessed: March 13, 2013).
 
Metadaten
Titel
Private Sector Space Mining Initiatives and Policies in the United States
verfasst von
Ram S. Jakhu
Joseph N. Pelton
Yaw Otu Mankata Nyampong
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39246-2_6

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