6. Problems in Forecasting Dangerous Processes and Phenomena on the Base of the Earth Remote Sensing Data

The usage of the Earth remote sensing data (RS) optimally contributes to the solution of problems in forecasting dangerous processes and phenomena. The method of radar interferometry is especially effective for solving such problems. Radar imagery, in fact, does not depend on the weather nor on the lack of sunlight. It enables to monitor displacements and deformations of the Earth’s surface at the highest level of accuracy and to determine the condition of buildings and constructions. The processed data of satellite radar imagery is used for creating maps fixing changes in the Earth’s surface and structures as of each imagery date in vector and raster formats, being accompanied by technical reports. In addition, maps of vertical and horizontal shifts can be compiled. The analysis of the received materials allows to determine dynamics and direction of processes and to forecast the dangerous situation development objectively.

Lately, due to the increased number of satellites conducting regular satellite imagery in the visible and infrared bands with high and ultrahigh spatial resolution, it became possible to monitor changes in the state of the Earth’s surface with a high degree of regularity. For example, the planet constellation of almost 200 small satellites provides imagery of every part of the Earth’s surface daily with high resolution. Such combination of imagery frequency, resolution, and capture is a fundamentally new stage in remote sensing, and such kind of imagery can be applied successfully to a wide range of tasks, including monitoring and predicting hazardous processes.

Sovzond has developed a technology for regular aerospace monitoring of potentially hazardous regions (e.g., mining areas), with the integrated application of satellite and aerial (from unmanned space vehicles) imagery data. The proposed methodology enables to identify areas with adverse engineering-geological factors, to assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of unfavorable processes.