Proceedings of the 2nd Advances in Business Research International Conference

Internal marketing (IM) as one of the key concepts in the marketing discipline has often been seen as duplicating many of the core understanding of human resource management (HRM). This is predominantly so as the focus of IM is the internal customer of the organization or more precisely the employees. While IM recognizes the importance of treating the internal customers very much like external customers, how this is actually executed within the organizational context is not often conceptualized firmly. This paper establishes the similarities of IM executions with specific HRM practices and relates how these are integrated to influence employee performance. Unlike many previous studies that linked IM with organizational performance or customer satisfaction, this paper proposes to assess the link between IM practices and employees’ performance where the focus is essentially on employees’ behaviour in terms of their satisfaction in the work place.

Solving a crucial shortage of engineers in the internal labour market and a turnover cost are the major concerns to reassess a strong determination of engineers’ behavioural expectations towards current employment. A recent retention problem occurred when organisations rarely highlighted engineers as intrapreneurs. Consequently, engineers’ entrepreneurial behaviours are slowly undebated and limited action has been taken to assess individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) to predict years that remain among talented engineers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the items used for IEO in predicting retention outcome (intention to stay) among Malaysian engineers in manufacturing companies. This study adopted IEO and talent retention (intention to stay) items and a survey that recruited 110 engineers based on convenience sampling technique. Participants were recruited from various manufacturing companies located in Malaysia. Strong evidence was found that innovativeness (0.766), proactiveness (0.793), risk-taking (0.830) and autonomy (0.884) items were reliable (>0.70) for predicting the engineers’ intention to stay (0.879). Developing engineers with IEO behaviours and organisations can closely monitor the mobility of engineers to other jobs. The links between IEO and talent retention interpret a better solution to meet engineers’ career orientations and positive behavioural intentions.

Many researches all over the world have been studying entrepreneurial orientation in the past. Despite the vast amount of studies conducted, many of these studies adopt Covin and Slevin (1991) dimensions and focus on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study is to identify the critical dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation and determine the level of entrepreneurial orientation in technology-based SMEs in Malaysia. This study uses survey questionnaire on 150 respondents who are the owners or top managers of technology-based SMEs. Factor, reliability, descriptive, and inferential analyses were subsequently conducted. The factor analysis confirmed five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, i.e., innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy, which are consistent with earlier studies. The descriptive and inferential analyses indicate that all the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation are apparent within technology-based SMEs, and the levels are generally high. Interestingly, innovativeness is the most prevalent among other dimensions for technology-based SMEs. The originality of this paper lies on being among the first few to examine the entrepreneurial orientation using Lumpkin and Dess (1996) dimensions within the context of technology-based SMEs in Malaysia.

The success of any small and medium enterprises (SME) has been associated with the ability of the entrepreneurs to be financially literate in managing the financial matters. The task of entrepreneurs does not only focuses on purchasing, allocating, and distributing the resources efficiently, but to be able to understand the running of the business in terms of possessing the knowledge on accounting, costing, and budgeting. Those entrepreneurs who are financially literate normally are able to sustain in the market, regardless of economic condition. A total of 100 respondents from SME have been chosen in this study. The study has revealed that the entrepreneurs are really give time and energy to know and possess the skills in financial matters. Among the variables chosen, budget control seems to be the main factor that entrepreneurs wanted to be expert at since a correct budget will determine the survival of the firm.

Purpose—The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that may influence the customers’ intention to purchase halal personal care products using decomposed theory of planned behaviour (DTPB). In addition, it also aims to identify the relevant factor that may moderate the relationship between the TPB constructs and the dependent variable. Design/methodology/approach—A comprehensive review of customers’ purchase intention on halal products is undertaken with a particular focus on halal personal care products. Findings—The review found that the intention to purchase halal personal care products was influenced by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. In addition, it was found that determinants such as knowledge, safety and health concern, media exposure, interpersonal influences, self-efficacy, and resource-facilitating conditions have a significant positive impact on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. On top of that, it was further discovered that religiosity moderates the relationship between the TPB constructs and the dependent variable. Originality/value—None of the purchase intention studies on halal personal care product has utilized decomposed theory of planned behaviour (DTPB) as the theoretical framework of their research. In addition, this is the first study utilizing this particular model in examining the moderating effect of religiosity on the relationship between the TPB constructs and the dependent variable in the context of halal personal care products.

Organizational sustainability has been a major theme in shaping global business arena in which entrepreneurship as the cornerstone. This also has forced entrepreneurship to become an important driver to the government initiative to implant entrepreneurial competencies as its organizational culture. In relation to the development, public universities are urged to diversify their income generation from various sources as to promote financial sustainability through entrepreneurship. Therefore, the readiness of the members of the organization for such environment is crucial. It is important for the university to engage with opportunity identification or creation as it can lead to income generation and profitability. This paper examined the relationship between entrepreneurial competency, social capital, experience and knowledge with opportunity identification and creation. Both academic and non-academic staffs were involved in the study. Findings show that entrepreneurial competency, social capital, experience and knowledge found to be positively significant towards opportunity identification and creation.

In order to compete and staying alive in current dynamic global competitive environment, SMEs in Malaysia must have not only competitive advantage, but sustainable competitive advantage. Sustainability will ensure SMEs to withstand market onslaught and adaptable to volatile market changes. Even though Malaysian SME performance is improving, it is still way below the target of 41% SME-GDP contribution and lowers than other neighbouring ASEAN countries like Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia. As a result, Malaysian SMEs can capitalize their valuable internal resources like intellectual capital to gain sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, intellectual capital can be used to pervade corporate entrepreneurship into usable concept in SMEs that can eventually promote sustainable competitive advantage. This paper presents the current research on intellectual capital and corporate entrepreneurship in achieving sustainable competitive advantage at SMEs in Malaysia. It focuses on two main questions: How intellectual capitals boost sustainable competitive advantage in SMEs? How Corporate Entrepreneurship enhance sustainable competitive advantage in SME?

It is found that the effective way to promote health education to the mass is with the support of technology and such in the case is by using online health information service which is similarly to the Web-based health information service. The main highlight of the article is regarding the Web-based health information service that has been created particularly to educate the health consumers regarding health issues. Meanwhile, the ultimate objective of this paper is to address the demand for a national study on health consumers’ intention to use a Web-based health information service. The paper also offered some views on the statement of problems regarding the intended topic and provided further justification on why the study should be conducted. Some pertinent recommendations with regard to the issue are also discussed.

Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN) had introduced e-Filing services, which allow taxpayers to submit their tax return forms electronically via the Internet, which is an alternative means to the traditional form submission. The success of e-Filing depends on the delivery of e-service quality and satisfaction to its users. This paper aims to investigate the effects of e-service quality on user satisfaction with regard to the users of e-Filing in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A total of 377 respondents were involved in the study, and by using SPSS version 22 the results of regression analysis revealed that all e-service quality dimensions except reliability have significant influence on user satisfaction of using e-Filing of LHDN. The results indicate that responsiveness, ease of use, security/privacy and website design are the factors of e-service quality that must accompany with e-Filing service so that users’ satisfaction can be assured.

This paper investigates the effect of exchange rate movements on large non-financial firms’ share returns in Malaysia and Singapore using multi-bilateral exchange rates namely the Euro (EUR), US Dollar (USD) and Chinese Renminbi (CNY). Our empirical results show that only a few firms in both Malaysia and Singapore are exposed to exchange rate movements. More firms in Singapore are exposed to exchange rate movements than Malaysia, especially to EUR and CNY. Surprisingly, only three of the large non-financial firms in Singapore are exposed to USD and none in Malaysia. In both Malaysia and Singapore, the majority of the exposed firms have a high level of foreign sales ratio (more than 25%), but in the case of Singapore, it seems that a firm with a low level of foreign involvement (<5%) is also exposed to the studied currencies. The results disclosed that the majority of exposed Singapore firms would mainly benefit from CNY appreciation and USD depreciation, meanwhile Malaysian firms benefited from CNY appreciation and EUR depreciation. The insignificant exchange rate movements in most firms imply that these large firms mitigate the effect of the exchange rate movements through hedging programmes. Future research should include more firms and countries with different levels of market capitalisation to better understand the stylised effect of exchange rate exposure in firm-level analysis.

This study examines shock and volatility transmission between oil prices and stock returns in oil-importing and oil-exporting countries, including the USA, China, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and a Brent oil market. We used daily data starting from January 1, 2004, until December 31, 2014. By using a bivariate vector autoregressive–generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (VAR-GARCH) model, the empirical results suggest that there is a unidirectional shock transmission from oil to stock and bidirectional volatility transmission between oil prices and stock returns in the Standard and Poor 500 (S&P 500). Additionally, bidirectional shock and volatility transmission was discovered between oil prices and stock returns in the Tadawul All Share Index (TASI) and FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI (FBMKLCI). Nevertheless, there is no evidence found in the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Composite. The empirical results also suggest that the transmissions appear more often from oil to stock markets.

This conceptual paper attempts to assess the moderating effect of earning quality on the relation of cash holding towards the firm’s efficiency by sector in Malaysia. Failure in utilizing the cash within the firms may lead to the existence of agency conflict which later will cause the firm value to drop. This situation later will cause the manager to change the figures of earning in the financial report throughout the reporting period that will lead to poor earning quality. The earning quality will influence the efficiency of the firms as the financial report will reflect the actual economic activity. Changes in financial report may lead to the misallocation of resources and directly affect the efficiency of the firms. Generally, the findings have the important information that can be used in proposing the new policy in managing the cash for each sector in Malaysia.

This paper investigates the relationship of foreign exchange rate movements on national market returns in Malaysia and Singapore using multi-bilateral exchange rates Euro (EUR), Japanese Yen (JPY) and Chinese Renminbi (CNY). The contemporaneous, asymmetric and lagged exchange exposure framework is used to investigate the nature of these exchange rate movements towards national market returns. Our study results show that both Malaysia and Singapore market returns are exposed to those currencies. The relationship of JPY and CNY exchange rate movements towards national market returns is contemporaneous in both countries. Meanwhile, EUR has a contemporaneous effect on national market returns in Malaysia but a lagged 1-month relationship in Singapore. Only JPY exchange rate returns have significant asymmetric effects on national market returns in Singapore. Future research should be conducted at industry and firm levels for more countries to better understand the stylised exchange rate exposure for mitigation purposes. Choice of the market index should also be taken into consideration when investigating the exchange rate exposure at the country level.

This paper provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact reduction in tick size towards Malaysian’s stock market liquidity by utilising spread and trading volume as proxies to market liquidity. The main function of tick size it is a tool to improvise the market liquidity, it is a tool to beautify the market liquidity. Using the components of FTSE-BMKLCI and closing daily data compiled starting from the implementation new tick size regime, from 3 August 2009 until the end of trading day 31 December 2014, this study found that, with the reduction in tick size, it reduces the spread significantly and there is a significant impact on trading volume.

Financial fragility is a priority topic for many policymakers, practitioners, and researchers due to its impact on the economy. Financial fragility is also termed financial instability leading to financial crisis. This paper attempts to predict the existence of financial fragility by examining its impact through the proxy of corporate and government-linked companies and their role in Malaysia’s macroeconomics. The data set was taken from years 2005 to 2015 on a quarterly basis. By employing ordinary least square (OLS) time series analysis, our result found that government bond spreads can better explain the macroeconomic variables than corporate bond spreads. Corporate bond spreads only have a relationship with the inflation rate. As another indicator for financial fragility, KLCI stock returns are found to have a significant relationship with all macroeconomic variables.

The present study provides new empirical evidence of bank stability measures for 50 banks in Malaysia, for a period from 1999 to 2015. There are two methods of measuring bank stability that is using Z-score and CAMELS variables. After calculating, these variables are ranked, with the highest average is ranked as one, and the lowest average is ranked last, or fifty. This is following the method by (Roman and Procedia Economics and Finance, 6(13), 703–712 Roman and Şargu 2013) and (Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1530–1545 Dincer et al. 2011) and extending it by introducing the average of total ranking for all variables. The empirical findings suggest that both local Islamic and conventional banks are ranked favourable in overall average bank stability score, sensitivity to market risk, asset quality, earning and profitability, but local conventional banks are recorded favourable ranking in liquidity. Comparing the two types of local banks, conventional banks are ranked better in liquidity, sensitivity to market risk and earning and profitability.

This paper aims to make a specific contribution relating to the determinants of financial distress among undergraduate students in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper tends to assess the relationship between religiosity, financial knowledge, and financial behaviour on financial distress to examine whether public universities’ students are equipped with sufficient financial knowledge, depth of religiosity, and right financial behaviour to face this issue. First, the literature on personal financial distress is reviewed with a view to the identification of useful models and concepts. The small number of reference especially on personal financial distress in that literature is noted, especially here in Malaysia. The debate will focus issues on the influence of religiosity, financial knowledge & financial behaviour towards financial distress among undergrad students. Finally, a proposed theoretical framework is recommended to examine on how religiosity, financial knowledge, and financial behaviour influence personal financial distress. We anticipate that behavioural traits will emerge as having a stronger impact on the incidence of financial distress than religiosity or financial knowledge. We expect the results will raise questions about whether policy can be oriented towards improving financial habits and mitigating the impact of behavioural characteristics on personal finances. It presents an ideal approach whereby policymakers are confronted with the latest research findings concerning the determinants of financial distress, how they can be applied, how the policymakers can attempt to increase and improve the financial knowledge and inculcate positive financial behaviour in Malaysia through education. In return, it will permit researchers to study “cases” over time and to gain greater depth of knowledge concerning not only the presence of behavioural success-related traits, but also an understanding of how policymakers navigate the public universities’ students towards financial knowledge and eventually reduce financial distress by fine-tuning their levels of readiness.

The survival and competitive success of microfinance institutions (MFIs) depends on their intellectual capital. The strategic management of intellectual capital provides greater contribution to the company success as compared to the strategic allocation of physical and financial resources. Ultimately, the top management is uncertain on the valuable resources processed by the firm that will cause the success of new strategies. This is due to the fact that they do not understand the nature and value of intellectual capital, how to create, extract and optimize value and wealth through intellectual capital. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital on the performance of MFIs. This study was conducted in the form of a survey and the respondents comprised MFIs managers who were considered to have knowledge on the internal management and involved in the development of the institutions. Data collected were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that intellectual capital as a whole has a significant effect on the performance of MFIs. However, the relationship between human capital (knowledge) and structural capital on MFIs performance is insignificant.

Currently, major interest rates, such as the Base Lending Rate (BLR) and Kuala Lumpur Interbank Offered Rate (KLIBOR), are widely used as reference rates by the Islamic financial institutions to benchmark a broad range of financial products and contracts. This study aims to compare the viability of alternative pricing mechanisms for the Islamic home financing products. By comparing the interest-based benchmark with the non-interest benchmark, this study attempts to highlight the sensitivity and fragility of the Islamic home financing product to financial market volatility. The study focuses on Malaysia as the case study and uses quarterly data frequency covering the period from 2001 to 2015. Specifically, the study compares the lending rate and Housing Price Index (HPI) with the economic growth as the indicator of economic activities. Through the correlation analysis, the study found that the non-interest benchmark shows better relationships with macroeconomic variable compared to the interest-based benchmark. It shows that these alternative benchmarks have the connection to the economic movements that lead to the stability of the non-interest financing instruments. The findings of this study would provide important insights on the viability of House Price Index as the alternative to the benchmark of the equity financing home financing product. This study contributes to the empirical evidence for the feasibility of adopting interest-free benchmark to price Islamic home financing product.

This paper investigates the impact of ICT on economic growth as measured by GDP growth, on 149 countries divided into 5 regions—Africa, America, Arab, Asia and Europe, over a 9-year period from 2006 to 2014. Using pooled OLS and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation methods, findings from dynamic panel data models revealed that ICT has significant impact on economic growth particularly in regions such as America, Asia and Europe. It is still unclear whether or not regions such as Africa and Arab would benefit from diffusion of ICT; nevertheless, fixed broadband appears promising for Africa’s future economic progress, whereas significance of fixed telephone reflects the importance of telecommunication networks in the Arab region.

Service employees are expected to portray a positive image in dealing with their day-to-day job. This image will be the first impression of customers or clients towards the services offered. A positive image can only be shown if the employees are happy with their job. In delivering services required by the customers, emotional exhaustion experienced by service employees is not inevitable and if it is not properly managed, it will lead to turnover intention. The objective of the study is to investigate the mediating role of emotional exhaustion on the relationship between job factors and turnover intention among service employees. Analysing 108 data collected from employees using a mediated regression analysis reveals that the emotional exhaustion did not have any mediation effect on the relationship between job factors (work balance, role conflict, role clarity and emotional labour) and turnover intention. The results indicate that employees will leave the organisation if there is low work life balance, high role conflict, low role clarity and low emotional labour. The implications of the study are further discussed in the paper.

The main purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of loyalty in relation to organizational climate from an Islamic perspective. The data were collected among the 172 Muslim managers and 509 Muslim employees in various industries, public and private sectors. The respondents of 172 Muslim managers are HR managers in particular. The study used measurement adopted from previous study. The implications of the study are discussed. Findings of this study could be used by HR practitioners and scholars in building management concerns and strategic plan for a better HRD systems and practices from the Islamic point of views.

Evolution of Internet has become an important phenomenon in the marketing activities since social network sites such as Twitter, Facebook and MySpace dramatically give a huge impact towards online marketing among Generation Y. The emergence of social network sites has profoundly changed the way the information is transmitted to the customer. Thus, electronic word of mouth plays an increasingly important role in consumer’s purchase decisions. Specifically, the study identifies innovativeness, trust, social capital and opinion leader as important antecedent of electronic word of mouth. A total of 230 students of School of Computer Science responded to a questionnaire. The results indicate that innovativeness, trust and opinion leader have a significant relationship with electronic word of mouth. The implications of this study are important for marketers to improve their business through media social.

In business, the activity of organizational learning, competitiveness and innovation is a platform to prepare and develop human capital. These platforms usually practice of knowledge sharing that believe will empower the business to high performance work practices (HPWPs). This study highlights a comprehensive literature review on how practices of the knowledge sharing embedded the activities. The discussion lead by understanding nature of knowledge sharing, process and continued with the practices of knowledge sharing. Finally, this study contributes to the strategy on how to improve the practices of knowledge sharing and perform well in business.

Job stress is a serious threat to the working people’s quality of life (QoL). Stress at workplace gives a big impact on a person’s health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between job stress and the QoL of working people. A total of 400 validated sets of questionnaire were distributed to respondents in the selected areas of Meru, Klang and the acquired data were analysed using IBM SPSS 22.0. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between job stress and the quality of life among employees. The most influential factor on the QoL was job-related stress, followed by organisational, interpersonal, perceived stress and work environment related stress. The lack of reward and recognition was highly related to the causes of stress and influence the employees’ concentration and confidence. In conclusion, the measurement of stress in the QoL is important because it will also reflect on people’s life evaluation, expectancy and standard of living.

To survive in today’s competitive business environment, organizations are implementing various strategies to optimize the use of existing resources. One of the strategies is to focus on teamwork. The outcome of using this strategy is that the organizations can experience the synergistic performance. However, some organizations are unable to gain this outcome as they are unable to identify and leverage the factors that are associated with team performance. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that are important to team and their contribution to team performance. Analyzing 356 data collected from two major telecommunication companies in Malaysia, the results of regression analysis indicate that leadership support, trust and knowledge sharing significantly contribute to team performance. The managerial and research implications of the study are discussed in detail in the paper.

The escalator is inevitably a transportation method used by people around the world almost every day in their daily life and provides convenience. However, using the escalators does not guarantee one’s safety. Escalators seem safe enough, but they can be extremely dangerous when used inappropriately or when not maintained correctly. There are a number of incidents involving escalator lately. Escalator accidents can happen due to many reasons. It can be from human fault or from the escalator itself. Escalator accidents are something that cannot be treated lightly as it could involve the fatality. Preventive actions and measures need to be done. Therefore, this research was conducted using travelers to investigate the factors that can contribute to escalator accidents. In doing so, researchers distributed 150 questionnaires randomly within Kuala Lumpur area. The result indicates that most respondents agreed escalator accidents happened mainly due to human factors.

Employees are expected to engage in the organization. They are employed based on their qualifications and experiences. To achieve the goals set by top management requires full commitment or engagement from the employees. Most organizations provide conveniences in the form of monetary reward or compensation, satisfactory working environment and work–life balance to all employees. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the relationship between these three conveniences being the variables for this study and the employees’ engagement. A survey was conducted using a set of questionnaires to collect data and analyzed using the SPSS. The population for the study were among the executives in a selected bank. The results revealed significant moderate relationship between work–life balance and employee engagement. The results support the literature and further suggestions are addressed.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) makes an organization more effective over time and across employees. Employee empowerment is necessary for the success and survival of organizations. However, lack of trust toward employee and misunderstanding of the employee empowerment may decrease employee OCB. Hence, the main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between employee empowerment and the dimensions of OCB. This research is based on correlational research which to identify the association between empowerment and the dimensions of OCB. Convenience sampling technique was administered. 123 respondents were among the part-time of degree students from a local university. The findings indicate that there were positive and significant relationship between employee empowerment and all dimensions of OCB. The study concludes that in general, employee empowerment would increase employee work voluntarily, lessen complaints, abrest with latest information, and maintain honesty in equal work pay.

In today’s complex business environment, organization is facing challenges in retaining their employees especially young employees, known as Generation Y. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between determinants of employee engagement toward the retention of Generation Y employees in the banking sector. The study also seeks to provide the theory-based empirical evidence using social exchange theory (SET) to determine whether the role of employee engagement influence the retention of these young employees. A total of 200 bank employees representing a range of Malaysian banks will be selected using stratified random sampling. This study attempts to contribute toward the positive relationship of young employees’ retention in the organization through employee engagements determinants. Several significant findings as well as theoretical implications would be drawn from the results of the study for building better organizational environment for Generation Y employees to be retained in the organization.

Mobile health (mHealth) is now becoming an alternative medium in order for the society to have a healthy lifestyle. People may use mobile health to manage, find and deal with information related to health consciousness. In Malaysia, the mobile health application has already been introduced, but the implementation of this application is still at the preliminary stage. This concept paper will discuss elements such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and the concept of mobility with regard to the behavioural intention to use the mobile health application. It is hoped that this paper will create a better understanding of mobile health application in Malaysia.

The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the techniques and process of translation instrument. Several issues that were found during the translation course were also highlighted in this paper. As suggested by past studies, a combination of few techniques and approaches to translation were utilized in this study. Several qualified bilingual and bicultural experts were involved in this study. In order to assess the accuracy, suitability, and comprehensibility of the translated instrument, several lay experts were also employed. A total of 16 items of job involvement questionnaire (JIQ) were used in this study. This study suggests that as more techniques and methods were used together, the risk of items that are not equivalent could be reduced. For future research, this study would like to recommend the use of multiple techniques and procedures on translation research.

This study examines the influence of knowledge sharing on job performance by analyzing perceptions of 100 public employees in the National Audit Department (NAD). The instrument used to measure knowledge sharing was adopted from Chiu et al. (2006). Job performance was measured using an instrument developed by Borman and Motowidlo (Personnel selection in organizations. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 71, 1993). Results of the instrument’s Cronbach Alpha measurement show that the score of reliability is above 0.90 which indicates an acceptable level. The results indicate that knowledge sharing is positively correlated with job performance. These results imply that job performance may be dependent on effective knowledge sharing in the public sector. This study provides insights on the relationship between knowledge sharing and job performance in the public sector. The findings of this study may help public sector to enhance its knowledge sharing and its effect on job performance. Limitations and recommendations are also discussed.

There have been numerous researches done on the subject of employee’s sense of well-being. Among the most studied aspects of employee’s sense of well-being focus on the impact of work engagement, workaholism, workplace relationships and work–family conflict on well-being. However, there have not been too many extensive researches relating knowledge management (KM) issues and employee’s sense of well-being. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of KM on employee’s sense of well-being in the private education industry. Based on the prior literature, all the variables and dimensions are discussed in depth. On the other hand, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework showing knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, knowledge codification and knowledge retention as a predictor of employee’s sense of well-being. It is anticipated that this study expands the scope on the importance of KM for managers to improve employee’s well-being as a priority in organization.

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship and the effects of leadership styles towards employee satisfaction among police officers at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur. Data were gathered through questionnaires using convenience sampling. A correlational research design was used. A total of 300 questionnaires were collected and analysed. The findings revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between leadership styles (Transformational r = 0.733, p < 0.01 and transactional r = 0.744, p < 0.01). Elements under transformational leadership styles (idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and individual consideration) were also tested using multiple regression analysis against employee satisfaction. It was found that inspirational motivation was the most influential factor towards employee satisfaction (β = 0.336, p < 0.01). Similarly, elements under transactional leadership (contingent reward, passive avoidant and management-by-exception) were tested against job satisfaction and it was found that contingent reward predicted employee job satisfaction (β = 0.443, p < 0.01). It is therefore recommended that the leaders in Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) should provide some types of inspiration and reward their subordinates the moment when the job was completed satisfactorily in order to produce a blissful workforce. The approach will minimize stressful working conditions and promote better interaction and interdependency among police officers.