Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management

For queuing systems with cyclic service for reducing of a customer average waiting time before service the delay of beginning service is introduced. The class of queuing systems for which it is advisable to introduce delay is described. The form of optimal function minimizing a customer average waiting time has found. Numerical examples demonstrating these results are given.

This paper considers a core enterprise-dominant supply chain distribution modeling problem under a fuzzy environment. In particular, the common benefit and mutual interact of the upstream and downstream enterprise in the supply chain is considered. Thus, a decentralized bi-level programming model is constructed. To deal with the fuzzy parameters in the objective functions, an expected value operation based on Me is employed. As to the feasible region with fuzzy coefficient, a similarity relation based on the fuzzy measure Pos is defined, based on which, the rough approximation method is adopted. Then, two rough approximation models (UAM and LAM) is developed. To solve the two models, a rough simulation is developed, after which the fuzzy interactive programming and genetic algorithm can be adopted to find the solutions.

Enterprises were set in competition through the supply chain against each other, and the first issue is to choose partners to construct the supply chain. According several principles, an evaluation index system, which contains product competitiveness, the enterprise internal competitiveness, and cooperation competitiveness, was established; indexes weight were calculated by AHP; and a new method to select supply chain strategic partners is put forward in this paper.

This paper studies the vehicle routing and scheduling problem of pickup and delivery of customers to airport. Different from previous method, we propose a new model and algorithm to solve it. Firstly, we employ the vehicle coordination to improve the practical vehicle scheduling. And the customer satisfaction degree and vehicles circumvention is considered to build our model. Secondly, the vehicles are divided into both basic vehicles and coordination vehicles. Furthermore, a multi-objective model with constraints is proposed. Thirdly, the isolated customer point is defined to decide which vehicles will take part in coordination. According to the vehicle coordination in the pickup and delivery of customers to airport, we propose a two-stage heuristic algorithm, which is based on the coordination in the driving route, to overcome quickly the problem. Finally, we conduct a series of test to validate our algorithm. Simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is feasible and promising.

Under demand uncertainty, the issue of how to use buyback contract to achieve supply chain coordination has been a hot topic in supply chain management. In a two-echelon supply chain, consists of a single supplier and a single retailer, we used Stackelberg game method to study the buyback contract model under such conditions that whether the retailer made sales effort or not. The result shows that: (1) the buyback contract model in which the retailer does not make sales effort can achieve supply chain coordination when the shortage cost exists and the supplier does not provide sales incentives; (2) the buyback contract model in which the retailer makes all or part sales effort cannot achieve supply chain coordination but can improve the profits of the supply chain when the shortage cost exists and the supplier does not provide sales incentives; (3) the buyback contract model in which the retailer makes all sales effort can achieve supply chain coordination when the supplier provides sales incentives to the retailer. And in this condition, if the supplier adjusts the wholesale price, when the wholesale price increases, the retailer’s profits will decrease and the supplier’s profits will increase, by using the buyback reward contract, the model can achieve the supply chain coordination.

We provide a simple incentive model with a privately informed manufacturer (principal) who provides goods to retailer (agent) in which the manufacturer has private information about the goods’ type he offers to the retailer. The type affects the market demand. We show how the manufacturer’s mechanism is designed if he holds private information. Our main finding is that the equilibrium that gives the highest profit to the manufacturer is a pooling equilibrium in which the payment is independent of the manufacturer’s private information. This highlights that the contracting under private information on the manufacturers’ side make the manufacturer undertake more risk than contracting under symmetric full information.

Evaluation on real estate enterprises supply chain risk factors can make the enterprises accurately grasp the main factors, targeted to take measures to reduce risk. This article firstly reduces the redundant indicators of supply chain risk in the real estate enterprises by using the rough set theory, analyses the supply chain risk factors of the real estate enterprises in some region making the use of principal component analysis to conclude the most important risk factor of the real estate enterprise supply chain, and order the analyzing results. It hopes to provide a scientific and feasible new method for the actual evaluation.

Medical staff’s service attitude and ability increasingly become the key factors influencing the patients’ satisfaction. This paper analyzed the impact of hospital’s internal service quality on staff loyalty by interaction quality, physical environment quality and outcome quality from the perspective of internal marketing. By researching 245 staffs of West China hospital’s Outpatient and Emergency department, we found that: the interaction quality and outcome quality both had positive impacts on medical staff satisfaction and loyalty. The interaction quality was the key factor influencing medical staff satisfaction, and the outcome quality is the key factor influencing medical staff loyalty; During the process of outcome quality influencing medical staff loyalty, medical staff satisfaction had completely mediate effect. And during the process of interaction quality influencing medical staff loyalty, the medical staff satisfaction had partially mediate effect; The medical staffs with different personal characteristics had differences on the internal service quality perception satisfaction and loyalty.

There is a growing recognition that supply chain management (SCM) offers significant opportunities for firms to create strategic advantage and achieve mutually beneficial performance outcomes. So, academic filed and practice filed pay more attention on the basic elements of SCM. Coordination and information sharing are the popular elements in SCM.With the development of economy, environmental issues involve in SCM and affect numerous SCM decision. Environmental considerations are in all activities of whole supply chain. A more full and comprehensive understanding of SCM are needed. This paper looks into the new thought of SCM around environment, and discusses the context of SCM regarding environment.

This paper investigates the problem of information sharing under bilateral asymmetric information environment. More specifically, we consider a supply chain consisting of one risk-neural manufacturer and one risk-neural retailer for an innovation product. In order to facilitate the cooperation, the manufacturer and the retailer agree to share their private information that is known from the finished sample product. We give a relational contract specified the trading quantity and the corresponding transfer payments. We show that the wholesale price relational contract cannot induce the two parties to share their information truthfully and analyze how the false information affects the supply chain’s profit. In order to create sufficient incentives and internalize the supply chain’s objective, we design a new set of transfer payments specified the allocation rule based on the two parties’ information rents. We show that the relational contract with the new transfer payments can achieve truthful information revealing and allocate the ex post profit reasonably.

Consider a multi-commodity flow closed-loop supply chain network consisting of many manufacturers, retailers, recovery enterprises, demand and recovery markets, respectively manufacturing, selling, consuming same kinds of new products, and recycling and supplying the used products. Manufacturer makes decision to maximize its profit and the benefit of environmental protection. Logit model is used to characterize the consumer behavior on product choice with insufficient information. Firstly, based on Nash equilibrium theory, competitive behaviors of manufacturers, retailers and recovery enterprises are analyzed respectively together with the corresponding variational inequality equilibrium models. The stochastic equilibrium conditions of demand markets with stochastic demand are obtained. The equilibrium of recovery markets is realized if and only if the quantities and prices of supply and demand are balanced. Then a variational inequality model is obtained to characterize the equilibrium of multi-commodity closed-loop supply chain network with multi-criteria and stochastic demand. Finally, a numerical example shows the reasonability of the model and the sensitivity analysis of the factors of consumers’ environment value and government’s subsidy.

The supply chain management for tourism refers to the planning, organiz- ing, coordinating and controlling of information flow, capital flow and service flow in the supply chain for tourism. The application of e-commerce and related informa- tion technology is the new business models and inevitable choice of tourism upgrade and sustainable development, and promotes the transformation of the production factors in traditional tourism industry. As a result, the asymmetrical and incomplete information problem can be solved, and tourism resources can be exploited deeply and the structure of tourism products can be optimized at the same time. This article describes the promotion of tourism e-commerce to industrial upgrading, analyzes the tourism supply chain structure in the e-commerce environment, and proposes the optimization strategies of e-commerce for supply chain management in tourism.

Recently, an opportunity cost reflecting the buyer’s loss of future flexibility from a finite contract commitment has been incorporated into the solution to the buyer-supplier jointly optimal production and delivery policies in a lot-splitting, Just-In-Time (JIT) supply chain. This cost plays a logical role in the model and is required to prevent an infinite contract quantity as the solution to the optimal joint policy. Current models in this area of Supply Chain Coordination (SCC) assume that this opportunity cost is given, with little or no guidance on setting an appropriate value. Demand disruption risks are cited as a major justification for the inclusion of this commitment cost in the model. This paper provides practitioners an easy-to- understand interpretation and application of this recent conceptual addition to the joint buyer-supplier JIT model. Our work provides guidance for determining an appropriate minimum commitment cost for a common situation, where the probability of obsolescence of the contracted part is known, or can be estimated (e.g. from history or from industry norms) prior to the joint optimization of the relevant policy variables. A numerical example explores the impact of this commitment cost on the optimal decisions of both parties.

Logistics distribution centers location problem is concerned with how to select distribution centers from the potential set for minimizing cost and fulfill the demand. This paper aims at multi-objective optimization for three-echelon supply chain architecture consisting of manufacturer, distribution centers (DCs) and customers. The key design decisions considered are: the number and location of distribution centers, the quantity of products to be shipped from manufacturer to DCs and then from DCs to customers. The present study mainly investigates the proposed problem under fuzzy environment and the uncertain model is converted into a deterministic form by the expected value measure. The approximate best solution of the model is provided using fuzzy simulation. A numerical example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution approach.

Based on value chain, this article employs entropy theory into organization knowledge governance, and conducts theoretical study on the evolution of the entropy mechanism of organization knowledge governance system and organization knowledge governance entropy. The study lays a foundation for analyzing organization knowledge governance performance qualitatively and quantificationally.

Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green (LARG) management paradigms may help companies and supply chains to become more competitive and sustainable. However, the deployment of those management paradigms could lead to opposite results. This paper intends to identify and the necessary understanding of those paradigms trade-offs. An exploratory case study approach is used to identify the trade-offs in the automotive supply chain context. The case study findings show that not all the companies belonging to the same supply chain need to have a higher implementation level for all LARG practices. Some companies can be more Resilient than others, and the same happens with the Lean paradigm: not all companies in supply chain need to be totally Lean. Because of the differences in the LARG practices implementation level among supply chain echelons, two separate sequences of capabilities were found. For the automaker “quality” should be developed first, then “flexibility”, “environmental protection” in addition to “cost”, and finally “delivery”. In the first-tier supplier echelon “quality” should be developed first, subsequently “flexibility”, “delivery”, and ultimately “cost” and “environmental protection”.

Sustainability suggests that society should live within the limits of nature and the resources that are locally available. However, the ecological footprint of society, particularly developed countries has been enormous, necessitating the import of enormous quantities of energy, materials, and water and the export and disposal of equally enormous quantities of waste. A relatively new concept known as Net Zero, proposes that the built environment and, by extension, building users and owners, be powered and resourced from the local environment, and preferably from the building site. The most advanced of these concepts, Net Zero Energy, has resulted in actual building projects where the facility annually generates as much energy from renewable sources as it consumes. Similarly a Net ZeroWater building must be designed to match water consumption with local rainfall, wastewater recycling, and water storage strategies. In the same spirit, the net zero strategy is being extended to materials, emissions, and carbon. This paper will address how this new strategy is affecting the design and construction of high-performance buildings in the US and how national and local governments have begun to incorporate net zero into building regulations. Several recent projects are discussed as case studies to illustrate the direction.

There has been a significant increase in interest and research in energy efficient buildings in recent years. In the construction phase of a building’s life cycle, contractors provide resources and select the means and methods of construction. To make the construction phase less energy intensive, the contractor has to purchase the required resources from the jobsite proximity and select less energy-intensive resources to minimize the energy consumption. Sometimes, it might not be possible to analyze and practice energy-saving measures for the whole project due to time and budget constraints. Therefore, it would be helpful for a contractor to focus on the most energy-consuming activities and deploy energy-efficient procurement to reduce energy consumption of a particular project. This requires a tool to estimate energy required for procurement and installation of the building elements and to identify the most energy-intensive activities. This research focuses on developing a spreadsheet-based tool to estimate energy consumption during construction of a project. The proposed framework uses the project’s bill of quantity, data related to materials transportation, and energy data for the required resources to estimate the probable energy consumption during construction. A case study was performed to demonstrate the application of the tool.

The research was aimed at conceptualizing and empirically testing a path to highlight the interrelationships of conflict types and innovative work behavior. A random sample of 320 managers of telecommunication sector of Pakistan was selected for the study. The conceptual model was empirically tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal positive and significant impact of task conflict on innovative work behavior. Further, it shows the significant positive impact of innovative work behavior on process conflict. There is also a significant and positive impact of process conflict on relationship conflict. This study presents a role model for the strategic managers and practitioners as a guideline to stimulate innovative work behavior through better conflict management.

Nonlinear differential equations and its systems are used to describe various processes in physics, biology, economics etc. There are a lot of methods to look for exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations: the inverse scattering transform, Hirota method, the Backlund transform, the truncated Painleve expansion. It is well known that different types of exact solutions of an auxiliary equation produce new types of exact travelling wave solutions to nonlinear equations. In this paper, by means of symbolic computation, the new solutions of original auxiliary equation of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a sixth-degree nonlinear term are presented to obtain novel exact solutions of the analytical model of Tsunami generation by sub-marine landslides.

The objective of this research paper is to discuss the nature of work and family policies in Pakistan’s environment particularly in Education Sector. There are 133 universities in Pakistan, of which 73 are Public sector universities and Private universities are 63 which are functioning under Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. This study will further assess that how different Educational sectors in Pakistan have approached the work life balance agenda and examines the actual outcomes for both the employees and the employers. Employees can achieve a healthy balance between work and family life through flexible working arrangements. Results of this study will be beneficial for organizations to better choose the policies to formulate, therefore helping organization to increase the effectiveness and productivity. There is a positive moderate relationship between job satisfaction and work-life balance; which suggests that universities should focus their efforts on formulating and implementing work-life balance policies. the questionnaire to tell partakers the rationale of this study, which is to evaluate employees work related approach on family friendly/work-life balance policies execution among different universities of Pakistan Chi square test and regression analysis was conducted to examine the strength of relationship between work-life balance policies and employees job satisfaction.

The private enterprises play important roles in China, promoting the urbanization construction, enhancing the regional competition ability and creating more jobs. In order to further enhance the market competition of enterprises, promote enterprise better and faster development, more and more enterprises choose human resource outsourcing. However, there are many sorts of risks in the process of outsourcing. This paper studies the risk identification and evaluation of private enterprise human resources outsourcing. Through constructing optimal contract model, this paper analyzes how the private enterprises construct optimal outsourcing contraction in the process of human resources outsourcing. And we believed that the risk in human resource outsourcing process is inevitable, so the private enterprise need unifies itself actual situation, outsourcing project characteristics, the comprehensive strength and special skills of the outsourcing service providers to make the most suitable enterprise outsourcing contract.

This paper investigates whether the recent introduction of Index Futures in China has reduced volatility in the underlying spot market, and whether the index futures market effectively serves the price discovery function in both the short run and the long run. Applying GARCH model, we find that the volatility on CSI 300 Index was alleviated due to the emergence of the index futures. Moreover, the Granger Causality test figured out that in the short run, futures index market and the underlying stock market have reciprocal causation relationship but the causation effect from futures index market to spot market is relatively weaker. Johanson Cointegration test and VECM Model further revealed that the index futures market and the spot stock market are cointegrated while the index futures market responds more swiftly to new information than the spot stock market. The results of this paper verify that the index futures market in China does play the role of price discovery and information transfer, although it needs further improvement.

To examine the market reaction of a share repurchase announcement and try to determine a proper explanation for the reaction pattern, this paper uses the traditional event study method with 148 UK cross-sectional observations between 11th January 2010 and 11th December 2011. We choose average abnormal return and cumulative abnormal return as dependent variables respectively, and market to book value (MTBV) and repurchase size as independent variables. Two robustness regressions are going to be run for each dependent variable. PE ratio and Tobin’s

q

will replace the MTBV to make sure the models are reliable. Through the regressions, there is a positive relationship between the average abnormal return and MTBV and a negative relationship between the average abnormal return and repurchase size. The same relationships apply to the cumulative abnormal return, MTBV and repurchase size. However, even we observed the positive relationship between abnormal return and company’s growth prospect, the results are not statistical significant. Therefore, through my data, I cannot prove the signaling theory or agency theory of free cash flow.

In an organization, people working individually or collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of business. The use of a strategic and coherent approach to the management of organization’s most valuable assets-the people working is known as Human Resource Management (HRM). This paper entails the extent the “best practices” are being practiced by Roche Pharmaceuticals, Pakistan for superior performance. We would like to recommend to the management that other HR practices should be applied like reverse mentoring. The concept of reverse mentoring is that of filling in the gaps of knowledge and skill of the older employees with regard to emerging trends. As most of the employees around 70 % are above the age of 30 so this practice will really be applied in order to gain profitability. The main objective of the study is to understand the changes in strategic HRM practices (Role and Structure of HR department, Recruitment, Retraining and Redeployment, Performance Appraisal, Compensation, Career Planning and Performance Management System) in Roche Pharmaceuticals, Pakistan. The HR is playing an important role in the transformation of Pakistan from an underdeveloped country to prosperous nation. Roche is conducting induction training for all their employees.

Manager power in the firm is so strength that weakens the effect of incentive pay, and always brings out various negative consequences. So the actual capital expenditure, which could be the engine of firm, is turning into a way for management to fertile ground for opportunism. This paper examines the relationship between manager power and capital expenditure, based on 1356 numbers from 452 listed companies in China during 2008–2010 as sample. We choose the level of capital expenditure as the breakthrough direction to further study the influence. Firstly, We find the bigger power leads the higher level of capital expenditure. Secondly, because the platform effect, the big companies are prone to high level of capital expenditure, and also the size weight has more influence on capital expenditure than free cash flow weight. Thirdly, manager power weakens the sensitivity of free cash flow-capital expenditure, which makes the capital expenditure feasible under insufficient condition of cash flow. Fourthly, manager power also weakens the constraint from debt to capital expenditure, whereas high debt pushes the payment to new level. Finally, compared to private-owned listed companies, the phenomenon above is more obvious in state-owned listed companies.

University is an important source of innovation and driving force of re- gional economic development. Countries all over the world pay more human and financial resources into college R&D activities, but these resources have the same effects on technical innovation output. This paper studies on University patent trans- fer amount and value in 26 provinces of China, analyzes the relationships between economic and educational resources, R&D investment factors and transfer amount and value. Presents it is important to enhance the level of knowledge and skills in the human resources inputted, and improve the forms of working organization. Also proposes that the directly and strictly controlled capital can promote the patent transactions.

In this paper, I mainly talk about the background, definition, the risk and risk management of leisure sports. After the analysis of the of risk features and problems of risk management in leisure sports, risk identification and risk management in fitness industry, I find that risk management is very necessary to avoid risk in leisure sports, that both the operators and participants or consumers need to be responsible for themselves and others, development of organizational risk management plans, identification of risk sources, risk assessment, and the development of risk response measures are effective ways to cope with risks in fitness industry. In the end, I propose methods to solving the problems in risk management of leisure sport:the government and the fitness industry should offer cooperation opportunity mutually and contribute to promoting the continuous and healthy development of leisure sports industry at the same time, as well as strong support for the harmonious and healthy development of the entire sports industry.

Since the electric power industries throughout the world are undergoing enormous restructuring processes resulting in fiercer competitions than ever, it is necessary for electric power companies, especially Sichuan Electric Power Com- pany (SEPC) as an important part of South China Power Grid Company, to make suitable and feasible strategy for their development. The objective of this study is to construct an approach based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and bal- anced scorecard (BSC) for evaluating SEPC performance, aiming at acting as a ref- erence to electric power industry. The BSC concept is applied to define the hierarchy with four major perspectives (i.e. financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth), and performance indicators are selected for each perspective. And then the AHP is used to determine the indicator weights. The results provide guidance to electric power company in the electric power industry in China regarding strategies for improving business process performance. Finally, some suggestions are given for improving the SEPC business processes.

The bullwhip effect (BE) consists of the demand variability amplification that exists in a supply chain when moving upwards. This undesirable effect produces excess inventory and poor customer service. Recently, several research papers from either a theoretical or empirical point of view have indicated the nature of the de- mand process as a key aspect to defining the BE. Nonetheless, they reached different conclusions. On the one hand, theoretical research quantified the BE depending on the lead time and ARIMA parameters, where ARIMA functions were employed to model the demand generator process. In turn, empirical research related nonlinearly the demand variability extent with the BE size. Although, it seems that both results are contradictory, this paper explores how those conclusions complement each other. Essentially, it is shown that the theoretical developments are precise to determine the presence of the BE based on its ARIMA parameter estimates. Nonetheless, to quan- tify the size of the BE, the demand coefficient of variation should be incorporated. The analysis explores a two-staged serially linked supply chain, where weekly data at SKU level from a manufacturer specialized in household products and a major UK grocery retailer have been collected.

When we talk about the HR practices, we come to know that good HRM practices are instrumental in helping to achieve departmental objectives and en- hance productivity. A firm’s current and potential human resources are very im- portant for the development and execution of the successful implementation of its strategic business plan, and so in the banking sector, retaining the trustable and loyal workforce can manage to bring productivity for the firm and lower turnover among the employees. HR practices focus clearly on changes to employees’ jobs and career prospects. Situational factors such as commitment of employees change the process significantly influences over the quality and type of skills that the new employees possess. By providing them with the formal and informal training experiences, such as basic skills training, on-the-job experience, coaching, mentoring, and management development, can further influence employees’ and satisfaction with the change process make important contributions to withdrawal of employee commitment, loyalty, trust, pessimism and powerlessness. The result of effectively managing human resources is an enhanced ability to attract and retain qualified em- ployees who are motivated to perform. The results include greater profitability, low employee turnover, high product quality, lower production costs, and more rapid acceptance and implementation of corporate strategy.

Precisely estimating of Catastrophe loss is not only the foundation of risk analysis, but also the premise of product design and the practice of insurance compensation. The Law of Large Numbers generally assumes risk obeys normal distribution that reduces the accuracy of damage assessment and influences the pricing of catastrophe insurance due to negligence of the extreme value at both sides of the distribution. Data more than 100 million yuan of earthquake disaster loss from 1969 to 2011 presents the characteristics of right skew peak, excess kurtosis and heavy-tail. Furthermore, the comparison of QQ plot, parameter estimation as well as test of model parameters between Normal distribution, Exponential distribution, Weibull distribution and Pareto distribution shows that the generalized Pareto distribution fits the earthquake loss perfectly, and significantly improves the estimate precision.

The Unit commitment problem (UCP) involves finding the least-cost dispatch of available generation resources to meet the electricity demands over an electrical grid. It is an important planning problem in the electric utility industry. The purpose of the UCP is to determine when to start up and when to shut down a particular generating unit and how to dispatch the committed units to meet the electricity demands and satisfy the relevant security constraints. This paper presents a procedure for modeling and solving large scale unit commitment problems (UCP) by using a parallel computing approach. We assume that the electricity demands are known, and a predetermined amount of reserve is used to guarantee the security of the system. A parallel computing version of the Lagrangian Relaxation technique is used to solve this problem efficiently.

According to the economic development characteristics of coal resources city, constructed the cycle-economy development evaluation index system for coal resources city starting from the material flow analysis perspective. Determined the evaluation index weights using analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight, established evaluation model by the gray system related degree analytic method. Finally, taking Jining city as a case, longitudinal analyzed and compared the cycle-economy development situation in different periods, and provided some guidance and reference for other coal resources cities.

At present, urban–rural integration is primarily planned and implemented from the perspective of theoretical research and cities, while the evaluations are mainly conducted based on examining some compulsory indicators. Citing some areas where urban-integration has been integrated in Chengdu, this paper analyzed the factors affecting public satisfaction with urban–rural integration by questionnaire survey and structural equation modeling, and constructed a model for public satisfaction with urban–rural integration. The research has suggested that the satisfaction with basic public services plays a critical role in urban–rural integration and exerts significant impacts upon living indexes, public support in and evaluation of rural urban integration as well as public satisfaction. Thus, it is of great significance to improve public satisfaction and effects incurred by implementation of rural–urban integration by further improving basic public services and gradually equalizing public services.

The level of agricultural modernization is an important indicator to measure agricultural development. China, a big agricultural country, always needs to pay attention to the development level in the process of promoting agricultural modernization. This paper makes an empirical analysis of the process of agricultural modernization in Sichuan Province in recent 16 years to put forward a new way to evaluate the level of agricultural modernization. At first, the maximizing deviation is used to evaluate the level of agricultural modernization, and then GMDH method is applied to determine the contribution value of the factors affecting the process of agricultural modernization. The results show that the level of agricultural modernization in Sichuan is gradually increasing. This paper also indicates that it is quite important to speed up the transfer of rural labor force and improve their cultural quality, raise the level of agricultural mechanization, increase the forest coverage as well as reduce the agricultural disasters. Only in this way can we realize agricultural modernization eventually.

This paper will discuss the impact of cooperative technological innovation motivation and cooperation in technology innovation model of relationship-oriented cooperation between enterprises of technological innovation, and thus cooperation between enterprises of technological innovation based on the resource-based enterprises to technology innovation motivation and cooperation in technology innovation model to classify. And analysis of variance to verify its impact on the performance of the cooperation between the resource-based enterprises technological innovation. On this basis, the use of stepwise regression equation to discuss the market structure factors, natural environmental factors, technical capacity factors, government policy factors, firm size and type of business ownership on the performance of the cooperation between the resource-based enterprises technological innovation. In order to explore the cooperation between the resource-based enterprises that affect technological innovation performance influencing factors and role of law, to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance to improve and enhance the performance of cooperative technology innovation in China’s resource-based enterprises.

Gold has been valued as the most excellent used expensive metal not only due to its usage in ornaments; Gold is well thought-out one of the most valuable metals in the world. The relationship of gold prices with many variables is well discussed in this research study. In this research paper we have to look into the empirical studies and theoretical frame work to identify the explanatory variables that have significant effect on the gold prices. We are including the rate of inflation in the pricing model as gold is considered to be a hedge against inflation. This paper has quoted few studies that relate stock prices and gold prices for the U.S., Australia and India. In this research paper the price of gold is defined as a function of inflation, Interest rate, Exchange Rate of US Dollar with Pakistani Rupee, Stock Market Performance, price of silver, per capita income and domestic savings. The reason for holding gold is guided by the individual sentiments. Like other developed countries, investment in stock market is not very common in Pakistan. Most of the people consider gold as the safe investment as the price of gold continues to increase.

This paper is based on the dynamic optimization methodology to investigate the economic energy efficiency issues in developing countries. The paper introduces some definitions about energy efficiency both in economics and physics, and establishes a quantitative way for measuring the economic energy efficiency. The linkage among economic energy efficiency, energy consumption and other macroeconomic variables is demonstrated primarily. Using the methodology of dynamic optimization, a maximum problem of economic energy efficiency over time, which is subjected to the extended Solow growth model and instantaneous investment rate, is modeled. In this model, the energy consumption is set as a control variable and the capital is regarded as a state variable. The analytic solutions can be derived and the diagrammatic analysis provides saddle-point equilibrium. A numerical simulation is also presented; meanwhile, the optimal paths of investment and energy consumption can be drawn. The dynamic optimization encourages governments in developing countries to pursue higher economic energy efficiency by controlling the energy consumption and regulating the investment state as it can conserve energy without influencing the achievement of steady state in terms of Solow model. If that, a sustainable development will be achieved.

Technology innovation alliance is such an effective mode to form the knowledge advantage from inter-organizational knowledge transfer. It is significant and difficult to select the right partner for the technology innovation alliance. We specifically use the entropy method to make a study on the partner selection issue of technology innovation alliance in knowledge perspective. Firstly, we establish an evaluation index system. And then, Index importance weight and entropy weight are combined to get the comprehensive weight of indexes, based on that, one comprehensive evaluation method is given. Finally, the example analysis shows the method is strongly operable.

Low-carbon economy is an economic mode which features the reduction of CO2 emission in the process of production and consumption. Accelerating the development of marine low-carbon economy is a fundamental choice for future development. The Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi (BGEZ) enjoys a long coastline and covers 123,000 km

2

, which known as the last uncultivated coastal area in China. The current marine low-carbon economy in Beibu Gulf has limiting factors such as institutional building falls behind and shortage of technology and human resources, etc. However, there are also some unique advantages of BGEZ developing its low carbon strategies. Simply applying the inland development model to the marine economic development will bring new disasters to marine ecosystem as well as social and economic system. This article aims to develop a strategy of BGEZ’s marine industry in the perspective of low carbon economy. Various strategic steps to improve the BGEZ’s institutional systems and industrial structure and to introduce advanced marine technology of BGEZ are also being explored.

With the continuous and rapid development of sports leisure and outdoor sports, injury accidents also occur frequently in the course of sports activities. It is greatly needed to establish a rescue system of Sports Leisure and outdoor sports, especially for Sichuan. In this paper, we first analyze the current situation of Sports and Leisure and outdoor sports in Sichuan to find the problems in leisure and outdoor sports. Then, combined the advanced experience in the development process of foreign emergency rescue system with characteristics of Sichuan Province and the administrative, the advanced experience can be used in the management of sports leisure and outdoor sports rescue, we propose some suggestions for establishing sports leisure and outdoor sports rescue system in Sichuan.

The development objective of ecotourism should be sustainable development as well as optimization of comprehensive benefits. Jiuzhaigou scenic region is located northwest Sichuan Province and more and more researchers from all research areas have paid their attention to the protection of the environment of this region for the scarce resources including water and species which have been affected by more and more tourists entering into this magnificent area. Therefore, to protect this area as well as keep the development rate of local economy, we introduce the concept of management entropy and with the application of RFID technology extend our existing space–time navigation method. Performance simulation results show our system can use proposed low-carbon scenic integrated management to achieve our goal of ecotourism.

Through technical statistics and analysis, observation and comparison at site, this paper points out the difference between basic technique, playing characteristics and main structure of score losing and gaining of our elite woman double players with that of foreign players. It suggests that we should focus on program assaulting fortified position in Olympic Games, following the law to win, finding the effective way against the tactics of net ball for players, strengthening communication between partners, elaborately setting the tactics against different kinds of serve, catch, break and attack in order to improve competitive level of our double players. Based on mission of Olympic Games, correlative measures are put forwarded.

With economic development and the change of economical structure, structural evolution of economical system is an inevitable trend especially in low-carbon environment. This paper study the economical structure considering the environment, economic and social requirements in order to implement low-carbon development combining multi objective planning techniques, chance-constrained model under fuzzy random environment. Then setting energy-saving, economic growth, and laborer’s employment as the goals. After comparing the simulation result of three different schemes, we conclude that the type of economical structure directly determine carbon dioxide emissions. It will significantly reduce the energy consumption and environmental pollution through adjusting the economic structure using our model. Finally, we proposed policy recommendations according to the situation based on the research results of our model.

In this article population, urbanization, construction area and the level of urban consumption are selected as the key factors of driving the growth of urban residential building energy consumption. At the same time, STIRPAT model is adopted to research quantitatively on the influence of these factors. Ridge regression is adopted to set up the driving factors regression model of urban residential building energy consumption. According to the results of the regression analysis, it is concluded as follows that firstly, the level of urban consumption has much more influence on the growth of urban residential building energy consumption than other factors, secondly increase of urban construction area directly drives the growth of urban residential building energy consumption, and thirdly the structure of population has much more influence on the growth of urban residential building energy consumption.

To confirm the idea of sampling over time under the framework of Bass model, this paper builds a diffusion model based on the idea of birth and death process, systems dynamics. The basic results show that the model can include the results of previous models as a special case or reduced case. It is assumed that the total amount of potential consumers remain unchanged, and the effect of repeat purchase is consider, so as to build the Optimization model group. The analysis showed that product diffusion entered a stable period in the late and the amount of diffusion is maintained at a certain level. As part of potential customers don’t purchase the product, the amount of diffusion must be less than the total potential customers’ purchases and the diffusion continues as long as the product exist in the market. No matter the change of potential customer is static or dynamic, sampling promotes the diffusion and the best time to carry out the activity is first period. If sampling rate is limited, and the limit value is reduced to a certain extent, it will appear continuous sampling. With the reduction of the limit value, the sampling rate decreases, which causes the reduction of the amount of final product diffusion, eventually lead NPV of enterprise lower.

Based on the opportunistic characteristic of major environmental risks in an enterprise’s sustainable innovation (ESI) process, this paper makes an effort to establish a decision making analyzing mode for opportunity factors derived from ESI major environmental risks. System identification, experts evaluation, dual-criteria assessment matrix and lattice fuzzy nearness method, are used for the identification, assessment and judgment of opportunity factors of ESI major environmental risks. This decision making analyzing mode has been applied to identifying, assessing, and judging opportunity factors of major environmental risk in XX Bio-tech Company’s ESI process. Responding suggestions are proposed to XX Bio-tech Company according to the model’s analysis results.

This study has been carried out to examine the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan for the period of 1981–2010 using Regression Model, descriptive stats and graphs. Population growth, Interest rate, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product and literacy rate in Pakistan are being used as explanatory variables. Also the state of democracy in the country has been taken into consideration. Findings include that population growth fuels unemployment positively and where as literacy rate and foreign direct investment has negative impact on unemployment. Often it is perceived that unemployment rate of rural areas is greater because in rural areas there are less chances of employment as compared to urban areas where there are more chances of employment due to more industries. Political regime is also taken into consideration as a dummy variable. In this research we also analyze factors underlying the employment, study the trends of variables involved in the study and suggest recommendations for reduction in unemployment in Pakistan. Numerical data collected from various sources which will be presented in forms of charts and tables and will be given statistical and mathematical treatment through use of E-views. The study is by and large descriptive in nature all the findings will be analyzed theoretically and objectively.

Over the past decades a number of approximate methods for finding travelling wave solutions to nonlinear evolution equations have been proposed. Among these methods, one of the current methods is so called (

G

′/

G

)-expansion method. In this paper, we will examine the (

G

′/

G

)-expansion method for determining the solutions of the active-dissipative dispersive media equation. The active-dissipative dispersive media equation is given by

μt

+

μμx

+

αμxx

+

βμxxx

+

γμxxxx

= 0, where for positive constants

α

and

γ

in equation are small-amplitude. This equation describe long waves on a viscous fluid flowing down along an inclined plane, unstable drift waves in plasma and stress waves in fragmented porous media. When

β

= 0, equation is reduced to the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, which is the simplest equations that appears in modelling the nonlinear behaviour of disturbances for a sufficiently large class of active dissipative media. It represents the evolution of concentration in chemical reactions, hydrodynamic instabilities in laminar flame fronts and at the interface of two viscous fluids.

With the global competitiveness becoming fiercer and fiercer, the industry competitiveness has been a vital factor to measure the development of a nation or a district. Therefore, it is important to discuss the evaluation method of the industry competitiveness. This paper proposes an evaluation index system to measure the industry competitiveness of a district by analyzing the existing literature and using information entropy to give every index a certain weight. The experiment chose the Sichuan province to study, and got the strength and shortness comparing with the same industry of China by applying the RCA index. The experiment study shows that the total competitiveness of seven industries in Sichuan province is higher than the average level of China, but these industries do have weakness in some of detail index. According to the result, this paper also comes up with some advice about the industry development.

Pakistan is facing an unprecedented power crunch. Despite sufficient generating capacity, there is extreme shortage of output, and load shedding for long hours has become the norm. This paper develops a forecasting model for estimating the least possible generating capacity of electric power, required in Pakistan during the 20 years (2011–2030). The estimation is based on demographic and macroeconomic factors. Data from 1950 to 2010 has been analyzed. After developing the model, forecast has been made over the 20 years for the least possible generating capacity in mega watts (MW) which needs to be in place. The investment requirements have been identified for each of the years in the forecasted period. It may be noted that forecasting electric power demand is not the objective of this study.

Using vector autoregressive model (VAR), Granger causality test, MA(1)-GARCH(1,1) model, this paper made a Granger causality test between RMB spot exchange rate (SPOT) and NDF, and impulse response and spillover effects analysis between the two markets comparatively before and after the establishment of Hong Kong’s offshore RMB market (CNH). The result shows that after the establishment of CNH, the guidance effect from NDF market on SPOT exchange rate has been weakened. Granger causality, yield spillovers and volatility spillovers between the NDF and SPOT have undergone significant changes. Therefore, the development CNH market has important implications for pricing mechanism of the RMB spot exchange rate pricing.

Brand-construction of public service is an innovation and provides a new way for building a service-oriented government as present. Based on this appeal, China Immigration Inspection (CII) also attempt to transfer their function from “control” to “serve”. Referring to the theory of new public administration, this paper will bring the idea of strategic enterprise brand-development into the field of public administration in China Immigration Inspection. This paper designs a China Immigration Inspection brand-construction plan after a deep discussion of definition of the brand-construction of public service and provides referable thoughts and methods for China Immigration Inspection’s exploration of new administration mode.

This paper studies the time-cost-quality-environment trade-off problem of construction project and establishes a multi-objective decision making model under a fuzzy environment. The objective functions are to minimize the total project time, total executed cost, quality defect of all activities, and the environment impact. Furthermore, a fuzzy based adaptive-hybrid genetic algorithm is developed for finding feasible solutions. Finally, Jinping-II hydroelectric project was used as a practical example to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the method.

In explaining variation in innovative performance of firms the resourcebased view of the firm draws on the concept of firm heterogeneity. We contribute to this stream of research by introducing technology in-licensing as a learning mechanism and by highlighting the joint effect of five aspects of firm heterogeneity. Moreover, we provide empirical evidence that licensing experience together with other sources of firm heterogeneity lead to substantial differences in innovative performance of firms. We argue that the age and size, technological strength, experience of licensing agreements (integrative capability), and orientation towards foreign knowledge sourcing are factors that determine which firms are better positioned for learning through technology in-licensing - and so achieve superior innovative performances. This is illustrated by an empirical study based on a unique dataset that is owned by the Chinese government.

Based on the data of marine economy in Jiangsu province from 2001 to 2010, analysis the correlation and grey relational between marine industry and land industry in Jiangsu province, construct the sea-land compound industry chain on the basis of the marine industry. This paper clarifies the status of Jiangsu sea-land compound industry chain, clear the Jiangsu dominant in sea-land compound industry chain: Marine fishery, marine salt, marine ship, marine transportation and marine biological medicine industry. The study will provide theoretical basis and empirical support for the Jiangsu coastal economic development and marine industry planning.

In the classic mean-variance model, the covariance matrix is supposed to be positive definite or nonsingular. However, the degenerate portfolio can arise from multi-collinearity and correlation of assets returns in large-scale portfolio. In this paper, we investigate the issue of which assets can be removed from the original portfolio. We propose a new concept of efficient subset of portfolio for meanvariance optimizing investor. Applying the generalized inverse matrix, we derive some conditions for determining the efficient subset. In addition, a new three fund separation result is also obtained as an economic interpretation, which in fact gives an extension of the mean-variance spanning.

Strategic alliances as a way to get to reduce costs, access to resources, and improve the overall competitiveness, getting on an important place in the various forms of organizations. However, despite the good prospects for the development, but the success rate is not quite high. This is because the alliance itself there is a risk, and a variety of risk management will affect the success or failure of the alliance. First, this article on the basis of foreign scholars study, drawing on transaction cost economics [30, 38] three control models in organization theory (Market control, Bureaucratic control, Clan control). Second, analyzed the strategic alliance faced major risks and risk control methods, integrated the three control models with two control strategies (performance evaluation strategy and trust strategy) to build an integrated risk management framework, in order to reduce the alliance risk, increasing alliance value targets and identify alliance risks and the appropriate control strategies and access control method.

In this paper, the author presents an integrated approach combining the simulated annealing method and the feed forward neural network to forecast the annual runoff in power system under uncertain environment. The type of neural network used in this method is a multi-layer pre-trained by the SA. Finally, we use the SA-based ANN to see if we actually could reduce the error of annual runoff forecasting. The proposed Simulated Algorithm-based Error Back Propagation Artificial Neural Net (SA-based BP-ANN) annual forecasting scheme was tested using data obtained from a case study including 24 h time periods. The result demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed annual runoff forecasting.

With the market competition increasingly fierce, the profit of the enterprise space is being compressed. Therefore, an important issue that enterprises face is how to expand the profit source of enterprises. The procurement is a very important part of the business management process, but the cost of procurement remains high in traditional purchasing mode. Hence, corporate managers pay high attention to how to use the scientific procurement mode to reduce procurement costs. This paper adopts the quantitative method of mathematical model to analysis the joint procurement decision-making under this new procurement mode and a simple example is illustrated.

China, a country that is in the course of economic transition and on high-speed development stage, its firm attributes, the external economic environment, and the law system are largely different from those in the developed countries. The relative importance and underlying dimensions of thirty-eight barriers to entry in industrial markets were examined through a survey of business executives from 83 China’s firms.

With resource-based view as the theoretical support, against the research background of “industrial strategic inflection point”, this paper selects from theoretical plane four key resource factors influencing enterprise performance i.e. innovative ability, human capital, physical capital and slack resources, and discusses their relations with sustainable growth of enterprises, laying a theoretical foundation for further empirical research.

Workshop facility layout is directly related to the reasonable flow of the logistics and information of the entire production system, which has a great impact on production capacity and safety. For multi-type and batch production systems, it is a critical and complex issue for research and investigation. The production mode of mass customization asks for the dynamic, multi-objective and multi-constraints specifications of the workshop facilities layout problem. In this study, a multi-objective dynamic optimization model is established based on three optimization objectives including the total cost (the materials handling cost and the rearrangement cost), non-logistics strength relationship and the required total area. In order to find Pareto solutions, an adaptive non-dominated sorting multi-objective genetic algorithm is designed for the specific model. Finally, a numerical example is applied to demonstrate that the proposed method is quite effective.

This manuscript will provide a step by step method on how a graph theory and topology can be utilized to construct a Z-loop matrix for the study of faulted 3 phase power systems. The growing demand for reliable electrical power supply has forced the pace developments in electrical power system analysis using computer. In this, power system analysis plays a significant role for the analysis of faulted power system, eventually for power system protection and control. By applying theoretical rules in graph theory, an algorithm to construct Z-loop without generating loop incidence matrix for network analysis/circuit analysis was studied. It has more than just minor special cases with those used in network analysis and circuit computer design. This paper describes a new algorithm to construct a loop impedance matrix without generating loop incidence matrix by means of a certain topological relationship, linear graph, or simply graph theory. A linear graph is a graph in which edges/branches are connected only at the points, which are identified as nodes of the graph. Finally numerical sample project was presented by the use of the loop impedance matrix to solve network analysis studies.