Skip to main content

2003 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Qualitative X-Ray Analysis

verfasst von : Joseph I. Goldstein, Dale E. Newbury, Patrick Echlin, David C. Joy, Charles E. Lyman, Eric Lifshin, Linda Sawyer, Joseph R. Michael

Erschienen in: Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis

Verlag: Springer US

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

The first stage in the analysis of an unknown is the identification of the elements present, a process referred to as qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is itself a powerful tool in microanalysis. When a simple understanding of the nature of a chemical microstructure is sought, often the elemental identification accompanied by a broad classification of concentration into categories (such as “major,” “minor,” or “trace”) is sufficient to solve many problems. Note that the terms “major,” “minor,” and “trace” as applied to the concentration of constituents of a sample are not strictly defined and are therefore somewhat subjective. Each analytical method tends to define “trace” differently based upon its degree of fractional sensitivity. Because the energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS) limit of detection in bulk materials is about 0.1 wt%, the following arbitrary working definitions will be used in this text: • Major: more than 10 wt% (C > 0.1 mass fraction)• Minor: 1–10 wt% (0.01 ≤ C ≤ 0.1)• Trace: less than 1 wt% (C < 0.01) Note that the definition of trace has no bottom limit. Generally, wavelength-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (WDS) can achieve limits of detection of 100 ppm in favorable cases, with 10 ppm in ideal situations where there are no peak interferences and negligible matrix absorption (see Chapter 9, Section 9.8.4).

Metadaten
Titel
Qualitative X-Ray Analysis
verfasst von
Joseph I. Goldstein
Dale E. Newbury
Patrick Echlin
David C. Joy
Charles E. Lyman
Eric Lifshin
Linda Sawyer
Joseph R. Michael
Copyright-Jahr
2003
Verlag
Springer US
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0215-9_8

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.