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Erschienen in: Quantum Information Processing 8/2020

01.08.2020

Quantum strategies for simple two-player XOR games

verfasst von: Ricardo Faleiro

Erschienen in: Quantum Information Processing | Ausgabe 8/2020

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Abstract

The non-local game scenario provides a powerful framework to study the limitations of classical and quantum correlations, by studying the upper bounds of the wining probabilities those correlations offer in cooperation games where communication between players is prohibited. Building upon results presented in the seminal work of Cleve et al. (in: 19th IEEE annual conference on computational complexity, 2004), a straightforward construction to compute the Tsirelson bounds for simple two-player XOR games is presented. The construction is applied explicitly to some examples, including the Entanglement Assisted Orientation in Space (EAOS) game of Brukner et al. (Int J Quant Inf 4(2):365–370), proving for the first time that their proposed quantum strategy is in fact the optimal, as it reaches the Tsirelson bound.

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Fußnoten
1
These strictly speaking are the stages of just one round of a game and some games could have more than one round - since this work deals exclusively with one round games this description fully characterizes the evolution of such games.
 
2
Note that \(Q^{x}\) does not mean the set of all possible questions for the xth player, like \(Q_i\) meant for the ith player. It means the xth element of Q, whatever it might be according to some arbitrary order. Likewise \(A^{y}\) means the yth element of A.
 
3
This is equivalent to saying that the average over a set of positive numbers is never greater than the highest number of the set.
 
4
We make the implicit assumption that Alice and Bob always try to win the game with the highest possible probability.
 
5
The quantum/classical bias is the difference between the quantum/classical value and the winning probability offered by a trivial random answer - it is a standard way to measure the quantum over classical advantage in non-local games.
 
6
It is this exact rule that makes this a simple two-player XOR game. If there would be no restrictions on the questions, then (26) would be ever harder to solve for increasing values of n.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Cleve, R., Høyer, P., Toner, B., Watrous, J.: Consequences and limits of non-local strategies. In: Proceedings. 19th IEEE Annual Conference on Computational Complexity, (2004) Cleve, R., Høyer, P., Toner, B., Watrous, J.: Consequences and limits of non-local strategies. In: Proceedings. 19th IEEE Annual Conference on Computational Complexity, (2004)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Brukner, Č., Paunković, N., Rudolph, T., Vedral, V.: Entanglement assisted orientation in space. Int. J. Quant. Inf. 04(02), 365–370 (2006)CrossRef Brukner, Č., Paunković, N., Rudolph, T., Vedral, V.: Entanglement assisted orientation in space. Int. J. Quant. Inf. 04(02), 365–370 (2006)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Buhrman, H., Cleve, R., Massar, S., de Wolf, R.: Nonlocality and communication complexity. Int. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 665 (2010)ADSCrossRef Buhrman, H., Cleve, R., Massar, S., de Wolf, R.: Nonlocality and communication complexity. Int. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 665 (2010)ADSCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Broadbent, A.: André Allan Méthot, on the power of non-local boxes -. Theor. Comput. Sci. 358(1), 3–14 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef Broadbent, A.: André Allan Méthot, on the power of non-local boxes -. Theor. Comput. Sci. 358(1), 3–14 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Brassard, G., Broadbent, A., Tapp, A.: Multi-party pseudo-telepathy. Algorithms and Data Structures. WADS 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2748. Springer, Berlin (2003) Brassard, G., Broadbent, A., Tapp, A.: Multi-party pseudo-telepathy. Algorithms and Data Structures. WADS 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2748. Springer, Berlin (2003)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Ambainis, A., Kravchenko, D., Nahimovs, N., Rivosh, A.: Nonlocal quantum XOR Games for Large Number of Players—Theory and Applications of Models of Computation. TAMC 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6108. Springer, Berlin (2010) Ambainis, A., Kravchenko, D., Nahimovs, N., Rivosh, A.: Nonlocal quantum XOR Games for Large Number of Players—Theory and Applications of Models of Computation. TAMC 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6108. Springer, Berlin (2010)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Briet, J., Vidick, T.: Explicit lower and upper bounds on the entangled value of multiplayer XOR games. Commun. Math. Phys. 321(1), 1 (2013). Presented as a contributed talk at QIP’12MathSciNetCrossRef Briet, J., Vidick, T.: Explicit lower and upper bounds on the entangled value of multiplayer XOR games. Commun. Math. Phys. 321(1), 1 (2013). Presented as a contributed talk at QIP’12MathSciNetCrossRef
9.
Metadaten
Titel
Quantum strategies for simple two-player XOR games
verfasst von
Ricardo Faleiro
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Quantum Information Processing / Ausgabe 8/2020
Print ISSN: 1570-0755
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-1332
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-020-02717-2

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