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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Rationalizing Processes of Unnatural Selection

verfasst von : Miyume Tanji, Daniel Broudy

Erschienen in: Okinawa Under Occupation

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

This chapter begins by revisiting Max Weber’s concept of rationalization, examining its roots, and analyzing their connection to contemporary processes of site selection for large construction projects in Japan. While the Henoko selection process comprises the major focus of the chapter, other related examples of rationalization in Japanese political bureaucracy also appear. Enlisted in the effort to describe these processes is Harry Frankfurt’s elaboration of the concept of ‘bullshit.’

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Vorheriges Kapitel Processes of Conditioning: Propaganda in Education and Media Systems

Nächstes Kapitel McDonaldizing as a Force for Militarizing Okinawan Society

Max Weber, Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Eds. Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978).

Weber, ibid., 941.

Weber, Ibid., 9xx.

Weber, ibid., 954.

Sophia Dziegielewski, DSM-V-TR. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley 2010), 75–76.

Harry Frankfurt. On Bullshit. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 61.

Tim Hayward, April 9, 2017 (5:00 p.m.), “A Theory of Bullshit II: Serious Stuff,” Tim Hayward Blog, April 7, 2017, https://timhayward.wordpress.com/2017/04/07/a-theory-of-bullshit-ii-serious-stuff/.

Op. cit., Frankfurt, 61.

Sakurai Kunitoshi, “Japan’s Illegal Environmental Impact Assessment of the Henoko Base” The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 9, No. 5, February 27, 2012.

Article 28 of the Japanese Environmental Impact Assessment Law nullifies the assessment statement altered mid-way, resulting in increased adverse impacts to the environment not reflected in the assessment’s earlier stages.

Sakurai, “Japan’s Illegal Environmental Impact Assessment of the Henoko Base.”

‘Okinawa defense official’s injudicious remark regarding the submission of the Henoko environmental impact report’, Ryukyu Shimpo, November 29, 2011.

For details, visit http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/T10/T10HO057.html.

Background information regarding the PWRA can be found at http://www.foejapan.org/aid/henoko/pdf/150826_sakurai_text.pdf.

Related forms of so-called enticement can be found at http://apjjf.org/2013/11/27/Daniel-Broudy/3963/article.html.

For details, see: http://okinawabd.ti-da.net/e6378232.html.

For details, see: http://apjjf.org/-Hideki-YOSHIKAWA/4799/article.html.

Original quote in Japanese reads as follows:日本は法治国家なので、行政判断の継続性の視点から埋め立て工事を進めていきた

Michael Billig, “The language of critical discourse analysis: The case of nominalization,” Discourse & Society. (Thousand Oaks; Sage Publications, 2008), 783–800.

Op. cit. Frankfurt.

Hideki Yoshikawa, e-mail message to author, February 1, 2016.

Detailed statistics can be found at http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/prentry-210375.html.

Public Relations and Liaison Division Planning Department, Nago City Office, telephonic communication, January 30, 2016.

For details, visit: http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/prentry-210375.html.

Concerned citizens infer that Mr. Nakaima ignored the results from independent studies submitted for review.

Having witnessed during the July window of opportunity the unparalleled outpouring of the public’s critical response to the Henoko plan, Mayor Inamine subsequently solicits further responses, over a three-month period, from citizens as well as reviews from three experts, so as to bolster the City’s scientific and democratic case. Delivery of the comprehensive report to Governor Nakaima comes just a few days after five national politicians from the Okinawa LDP reverse their positions on relocation within the prefecture. Inamine suspects that Nakaima will also cave in and reverse his position, which he later does.

For details, visit http://www.pref.okinawa.lg.jp/site/kankyo/seisaku/hyoka/shinsakai/meibo.html.

The evaluation was commissioned before Nakaima reversed his position on Henoko and published with conclusions that throw into doubt that reclamation will do no harm to the environment. Having consulted individually with 13 members of the EIEC, the Department of Environment and Social Affairs submitted their opinion paper to Coastal Administration Disaster and Prevention Division under the Department of Civil Engineering and Environment, and to The Fisheries Infrastructure Division under Agriculture, under the Department of Forestry and Fisheries (県農林水産部漁港漁場課).

吉川秀樹「普天間飛行場代替施設建設に関わる公有水面埋立承認の判断基準に関する公開質問(要請)」 (June 6, 2014) Accessed at http://www.nacsj.or.jp/katsudo/henoko/pdf/2040606henokoumetatekoukaisitumonjyo.pdf.

Used by the central government to warrant base construction.

For details, visit http://www.mod.go.jp/rdb/okinawa/07oshirase/chotatsu/kankyoukansiinkai/h26iinmeibo.pdf.

Since April 2014, participants of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) have convened five meetings and have, thus far, produced no conclusions. While ODB has funded the study, it has also been reported that four members of the EIA received 1.3 million JPY from companies that promote the construction plan, including a major construction company and a construction environment consultant company in Tokyo. Professor Seiji Azuma resigned in March 2015 over his belief that the group’s work did not reflect the will of the people of Okinawa.

第三者委員会、2015年7月16日http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/site/chijiko/henoko/documents/houkokusho.pdf.

Lawyers and environmental experts studied the plan and published conclusions that Nakaima’s use of a clerical stamp of approval had violated four of six legal stipulations in the PWRA and, thus, the subsequent Governor Onaga’s cancellation is legal. An in-depth investigation was undertaken of the procedure the Coastal Administration Disaster and Prevention Division had followed when providing its conclusions. Publication precipitates lawsuits and counter-suits from both Tokyo and Naha.

Op. cit. Frankfurt.

Gavan McCormack, “Introduction: The Experts Report and the Future of Okinawa,” The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 13(2) 2015, accessed February 14, 2016, http://apjjf.org/2015/13/29/Gavan-McCormack/4344.html.

Comprehensive details of the Advisory Panel process and results can be found in Japanese at http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/site/chijiko/henoko/houkokusho.html.

Masahide Ota, “The World is beginning to know Okinawa: Ota Masahide Reflects on his Life from the Battle of Okinawa to the Struggle for Okinawa,” (Interview with Satoko Oka Norimatsu) The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 8(38) 2010, accessed June 17, 2017, http://apjjf.org/-Ota-Masahide/3415/article.html.

Details of the Final Report can be found at http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/n-america/us/security/96saco1.html.

Brian Michael Goss and Christopher Chávez observe in “Total Aliens or Humans Just Like Us?” in Identity: Beyond Tradition and McWorld Neoliberalism (Newcastle Upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013), 52–53.

Details of the meeting can be found in English at the official government homepage of the Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet at http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/96_abe/actions/201402/18futenma.html.

A reference in Japanese to Rumsfeld’s observation about Futenma can be found here http://www.okinawainfo.net/futenma2.htm.

Yosihide Suga, “Visiting Okinawa: I Will Do My Best to Alleviate Base Burden” Personal Blog. Accessed August 16, 2016, at http://blogos.com/article/128515/.

Unsigned Article. 『普天間飛行場:米「代替なしで返還も」』Mainichi Shimbun, February 13, 2004, 1.

Op. cit. Suga.

Details of the central government direct monetary support to districts surrounding and including Henoko that circumvent Nago City authority can be found reported in Japanese at Sankei Shimbun: http://www.sankei.com/politics/news/151023/plt1510230006-n1.html.

Details of the inconveniences are outlined in Japanese at http://www.sankei.com/politics/news/151110/plt1511100045-n1.html.

A full transcript of the address can be found at https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/04/28/remarks-president-obama-and-prime-minister-abe-japan-joint-press-confere.

Further details of LDP’s political pressure on NHK regarding comfort women issues can be found at http://www.jcp.or.jp/tokusyu-04/nhk/.

Details of that meeting have been reported by Kozou Nagai and can be found at http://www.jcp.or.jp/akahata/aik13/2013-12-16/2013121601_01_1.html.

Henry Laurence, “Censorship at NHK and PBS,” Japan Policy Research Institute, vol. 8, no. 3, 2005

Ibid.

Unsigned Article. NHK

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-10-5598-0_5/MediaObjects/433383_1_En_5_Figa_HTML.gif

, Asahi Shimbun, January 13, 2005.

Akira Uozumi.「政治介入」の決定的証拠, Nikkan Gendai, September 2005, 28.

The NGO changed its name to Violence Against Women in War Research Action Center (VAWW RAC) in 2011.

Details on the work of VAWW RAC can be found at http://vawwrac.org/nhk01.

Details of Nagata’s public address in front of NHK headquarters can be found at http://iwj.co.jp/wj/open/archives/259892.

Details of Minister Morimoto’s press conference can be found at http://ryukyushimpo.jp/editorial/prentry-201059.html.

Details of Prime Minister Hatoyama’s press conference at the Japan Conference of Journalists (JCJ) can be found at http://iwj.co.jp/wj/open/archives/285911#idx-3.