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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Re-activation Strategies, Experiences from Europe and USA

verfasst von : Luca Tamini

Erschienen in: Re-activation of Vacant Retail Spaces

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The chapter contains a sort of inventory of experiences in which urban and suburban retail weakening is contrasted and the re-activation of its spaces is sought. The cases are located in both Europe and the US and vary according to the moment of the process they involve. For each case, we introduce the specific situation/context and provide one or two examples that illustrate the ongoing dynamics, and the potential solutions to them. Several situations are described, in order to show the variety of approaches and proposals and, secondly, to compare the cases. For this purpose, the inventory is followed by a matrix aiming both to relate the different strategies to each other and to point out some innovative ways private operators and public bodies can resort to in order to develop their actions and programs.

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Nächstes Kapitel What Future for Vacant Retail Spaces? Recent Experiences in Italy
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1
These documents often take the form of town planning and building regulations drawn up from local studies carried out by a number of provincial and/or local council level bodies.
 
2
A phenomenon previously identified by René Péron, La fin des vitrines, des temples de la consommation aux usines à vendre, éditions de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 1993.
 
3
Plan Local d’Urbanisme is the equivalent of Italian town plans.
 
4
Schéma de COhérence Territoriale [regional plans]. The goal is coherence between the various town council town plans and the development of town planning concepts and guidelines, which will then take precedence over the town regulations. They are made up of agglomerations of town councils.
 
5
Schéma de Développement Commercial [retail development plans]. The goal is to set the foundations for commercial town planning designed to provide guidelines for new retail outlets.
 
6
Provincial Commercial Town planning Commission.
 
7
“Les pouvoirs publics veillent à ce que l’essor du commerce et de l’artisanat permette l’expansion de toutes les formes d’entreprises, indépendantes, groupées ou intégrées, en évitant qu’une croissance désordonnée des nouvelles formes de distribution ne provoque l’écrasement de la petite entreprise et le gaspillage des équipements commerciaux et ne soit préjudiciable à l’emploi”, art.1 Legge Royer, 27th Dec. 1973.
 
8
Legifrance.gouv.fr.
 
9
Raffarin law dating to 5th July 1996, art. 28, legifrance.gouv.fr.
 
10
Provincial Commercial Building Commission.
 
11
Provincial Commercial Planning Commission.
 
12
Établissement Public National d’Aménagement et de Restructuration des Espaces Commerciaux et Artisanaux: National Public Commercial and Artisan Spaces Planning and Renovation Institution.
 
13
One third of those living in Bagnolet town do not own a car (Source: http://​www.​ville-bagnolet.​fr/​).
 
14
It should be noted that the retail programme is an integral part of a social residence programme: 95% of the town’s housing is social housing (the Malassis quarter has a population of around 5000).
 
15
Agence Nationale pour la Rénovation Urbaine: National Urban Renewal Body.
 
16
67.54% public*, 32.46% private**: *province of Seine-Saint-Denis (62.20%)—Aubervilliers, Blanc-Mesnil, Bobigny, Gagny, Les Lilas, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Le Pré Saint-Gervais, Trembay-en-France, Villetaneuse town councils (5.34%); **Caisse des dépôts, Caisse d’Epargne d’Ile-de-France (15.04%)—OPH de Seine-Saint-Denis, OPH de Bobigny, Logirep (7.93%)—other private shareholdersi (9.49%).
 
17
Loan and deposit bank.
 
18
Office Public de l’Habitat: Public Residential Institute.
 
19
Agence Parisienne d’Urbanisme, Paris Town Planning Agency.
 
20
Société d’Economie Mixte d’Animation Economique au Service des Territoires.
 
21
The CPA is now obsolete on a judicial level and has been transformed into a public concession.
 
22
Retail dismantling in Paris approximated 9.9% in the 2003–2005 period, when the programme was launched (See Commerce Database BDCOM managed by Agence Parisienne d’Urbanisme APUR).
 
23
The large national and international retail chains—with their contractual power in both financial and taxation terms—often increase the real estate value of retail outlets, when they enter the marketplace. Rents thus often become unaffordable for local retail outlets of a cultural kind or those with a local client base.
 
24
GTL: Local Technical Group.
 
25
DU: Town Planning Management.
 
26
Commencement notice, mandatory only in urban areas selected by Paris city council.
 
27
Laws on insulation and building CO2 emissions. All renovated shops must respect these requirements.
 
28
Official Journal of Paris City Council.
 
29
CIA: Investment and Attribution Committee.
 
30
Participation funded by SEMAEST.
 
31
Paris Commerce freehold founded by Caisse des Dépots and SEMAEST in May 2013.
 
32
Société Immobilière d’Economie Mixte de la ville de Paris.
 
33
Tax on Disused Commercial Buildings.
 
34
Taxe sur les Friches Commerciales (TFC), service-public.fr (updated 01/07/2014 by the Legal and Administration Directorate). They are liable to TFC: “concernés par la taxe foncière sur les propriétés bâties: immeubles de bureaux ou utilisés pour une activité commerciale, parkings des centres commerciaux, lieux de dépôt ou de stockage, et qui ne sont plus affectés à une activité soumise à cotisation foncière des entreprises (CFE) depuis au moins 2 ans au 1er janvier de l'année d'imposition et sont restés inoccupés pendant cette période (par exemple, un local commercial qui n'est pas exploité depuis le 1er janvier 2013 devient imposable au 1er janvier 2015).”
 
Literatur
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BDP. (Ed.). (2009). Liverpool. Regeneration of a city centre. London: BDP.
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Dessuges, A. (2013). Centre-(ville) commercial. Stratégies marketing et développement urbain. Master en Architecture. Paris: Ecole Supérieure d’Architecture de Paris-La-Villette.
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DTZ global real estate company. (2011). Shopping Centres, Refurbishment and Redevelopment, Our competences. www.​dtz.​com.
English Heritage. (Ed.). (2013). The changing face of the high street: Decline and revival. A review of retail and town centre issues in historic areas. London: English Heritage Press.
Findlay, A. M., & Sparks, L. (2010). Retail vacancy (briefing paper 13). The Institute for Retail Studies: Stirling.
Fleury, A. (2010). Du quartier à la ville durable ? Les commerces de proximité dans l’action de la Mairie de Paris. In A. Gasnier (Ed.), Commerce et ville ou commerce sans la ville? Production urbaine, strat´egies entrepreneuriales et politiques territoriales de d´eveloppement durable (pp. 171–183). Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, Espace et territoires, .
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Hine, D. (2010). Space Makers at Brixton Village (aka Granville Arcade). In T. Britton (Ed.), Hand Made Portraits of emergent new community. London: Blurb.
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McAuliffe, R., & LEED AP. (2010, June). Retail design and development standards, large format retail vacancy issues and opportunity. City of Gresham, www.​greshamoregon.​gov.
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PBSJ. (2001, June). Greenbrier Towncenter Livable Communities Initiative Study and Concept Plan. Atlanta City Council, Department of Planning, Development and Neighborhood Conservation; Bureau of Planning, www.​atlantaregional.​com.
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Metadaten
Titel
Re-activation Strategies, Experiences from Europe and USA
verfasst von
Luca Tamini
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
Re-activation of Vacant Retail Spaces

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70871-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-70872-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70872-0_1