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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Reactive Compatibilization

verfasst von : S. Bruce Brown

Erschienen in: Polymer Blends Handbook

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

Reactive compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends by in situ copolymer formation is reviewed using approximately 1,100 examples taken from both journal articles and patents. Selected references in English through approximately 2013 to early 2014 are included. Important chemical reactions are illustrated which are useful for copolymer formation across a melt-phase boundary during melt processing of the immiscible blends. Focus is on irreversible chemical reactions taking place within typical extrusion residence times for polymer processing. Examples of block, graft, cross-linked, and degradative copolymer formation are shown. The illustrated chemical reactions and processes are also generally useful for compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends either not illustrated or not yet conceived.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Interphase and Compatibilization by Addition of a Compatibilizer

Nächstes Kapitel Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Acrylic acid

ABS

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer

AES

Terpolymer from acrylonitrile, ethylene-propylene elastomer and styrene

AFM

Atomic force microscopy

Acrylonitrile

ASA

Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate terpolymer

ATRP

Atom transfer radical polymerization

Butadiene

n-Butyl acrylate

tBA

t-Butyl acrylate

BPA

Bisphenol A

CHP

Cumene hydroperoxide

Caprolactone

DBP

Dibenzoyl peroxide

DCP

Dicumyl peroxide

DEM

Diethylmaleate

DMA

Dynamic mechanical analysis

DMTA

Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis

DSC

Differential scanning calorimetry

Ethylene

Ethylacrylate

EAA

Ethylene acrylic acid copolymer

Ethylene-butene copolymer

EBA

Ethylene butyl acrylate copolymer

EDXA

Energy dispersive X-ray analysis

EEA

Ethylene ethylacrylate copolymer

EELS

Electron energy loss spectroscopy

E-GMA

Ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer

EMA

Ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer

EMAA

Ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer

EMAc

Ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer

EMM

Ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer

ENR

Epoxidized natural rubber

Ethylene-propylene copolymer

EPDM

Ethylene-propylene-diene modified rubber

ESCA

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis

ETFE

Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer

EVAc

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer

EVAl

Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer

-f-

Functionalized (or functionalized with)

Fumaric acid

FESEM

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

FTIR

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GMA

Glycidyl methacrylate

GPC

Gel permeation chromatography

HDPE

High density polyethylene

HDT

Heat distortion temperature

HIPS

High-impact polystyrene

Isoprene

Isobutyl acrylate

Impact modifier

IPO

Isopropenyl oxazoline

Intrinsic viscosity

L101

Luperox® 101 (2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane)

L130

Luperox® 130 (2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy) hexyne-3)

LCP

Liquid crystalline polymer(s) (polyester-type unless noted)

LDPE

Low-density polyethylene

LLDPE

Linear low-density polyethylene

Maleic anhydride

MAA

Methacrylic acid

MAc

Methyl acrylate

MALDI

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

MDPE

Medium density polyethylene

MFI

Melt flow index

MFR

Melt flow rate

MMA

Methyl methacrylate

Mass spectrometry

Molecular weight

MWD

Molecular weight distribution

Nadic anhydride

NBR

Nitrile-butadiene rubber

NMR

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Natural rubber

Polyamide(s)

Polybutadiene

PBN

Polybutylene naphthalate

PBT

Polybutylene terephthalate(s)

Bisphenol A polycarbonate

PCE

Polycarbonate ester copolymer

PCL

Polycaprolactone

PCT

Poly(cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate)

PDMS

Polydimethylsiloxane

Polyethylene

PE-g-MA

Maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene

PEEK

Polyetheretherketone

PEG

Polyethylene glycol

PEI

Polyetherimide

PEN

Polyethylene naphthalate

P-E-P

Propylene-ethylene-propylene block copolymer

PES

Polyethersulfone

PEST

Polyester(s)

PET

Polyethylene terephthalate(s)

PETG

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified (glycol is typically cyclohexanedimethanol)

Phenoxy

Copolymer of BPA and epichlorohydrin

Phr

Parts per 100 parts resin

PLA

Poly(lactic acid)

PMMA

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PMP

Poly-4-methylpentene-1

Polyolefin(s)

Polypropylene

PPE

Polyphenylene ether(s)

PPS

Polyphenylene sulfide

PPVL

Polypivalolactone

Polystyrene

PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene

PTT

Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)

PVAc

Polyvinyl acetate

PVAl

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVC

Polyvinylchloride

PVDF

Polyvinylidene difluoride

Radical initiator

Styrene

SAA

Styrene-acrylic acid copolymer

SALS

Small-angle light scattering

SAN

Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer

SAXS

Small-angle X-ray scattering

Styrene-butadiene copolymer

SBS

Styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer

SEBS

Styrene-(ethylene/butylene)-styrene copolymer

SEC

Size-exclusion chromatography

SEM

Scanning electron microscopy

SEP

Styrene (ethylene-propylene) block copolymer

Styrene-isoprene copolymer

S-IPO

Styrene-isopropenyl oxazoline copolymer

SIS

Styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer

SMA

Styrene-co-maleic anhydride copolymer

sPS

Syndiotactic polystyrene

SSE

Single-screw extruder

Glass transition temperature

Melting temperature

TAIC

Triallyl isocyanurate

TBAB

Tetrabutylammonium bromide

TEM

Transmission electron microscopy

TGA

Thermogravimetric analysis

TPE

Thermoplastic elastomer

TPP

Triphenyl phosphate

TPPite

Triphenyl phosphite

TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane

TSE

Twin-screw extruder

UHMWPE

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

ULDPE

Ultra low-density polyethylene

Ultraviolet

VLDPE

Very-low-density polyethylene

VTMS

Vinyl trimethoxysilane

WAXD

Wide-angle X-ray diffraction

WAXS

Wide-angle X-ray scattering

XPS

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

ZnSt

Zinc stearate

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Titel: Reactive Compatibilization
verfasst von: S. Bruce Brown
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Buch: Polymer Blends Handbook
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-6063-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-6064-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6064-6_7

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