Recent Advances in Power Electronics and Drives

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Frontmatter

2. Fuzzy Controlled Multi-converter-UPQC for Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System

   S. Joyal Isac, S. Srinath

   Abstract

   Most of the researchers have investigated the behavior of the Unified Power-Quality Conditioner (UPQC) that is present in a secondary power distribution system. Generally, there exist no investigations of UPQC in a sub-transmission system for enhancing the power quality in the primary power distribution substations. The sub-transmission system is identical to the primary power distribution system. It helps a vast geographical area and huge energy is distributed at high voltage levels. This paper intends to improvise the power quality in distribution system using a novel controller-based Multi-Converter Unified Power-Quality Conditioner (MC-UPQC). The fuzzy theory with SRF is used for implementing the control strategies of MC-UPQC. The main objective of the fuzzy controlled-MC-UPQC is to minimize the total harmonic distortion. The efficiency of the suggested fuzzy controlled-MC-UPQC is estimated by comparing over the conventional models.

3. Modified BBO-Based PV Integrated Reduced Component Multilevel Inverter for Mitigating THD

   Debanjan Mukherjee, Sourav Mallick

   Abstract

   With the escalation in power demand of modern world, necessity of renewable energy source integration is increasing simultaneously. Recent trend of research involving the renewable energy source integration seeks intensive attention to the new designs of cascaded H-bridge (CHB) Multilevel Inverter (MLI) topologies. Provision of multiple isolated sources in CHBMLI is advantageous in interfacing the renewable sources over the traditional MLI which needs several switches. Hence, reduced component count CHBMLI topologies are presiding over the conventional MLI in terms of size, cost, efficiency, electro-magnetic interference (EMI), etc. This work proposes a new topology for 5-level MLI with 5 switches with the objective to minimize the amplitude of the lower order harmonics. The proposed MLI consists of an integrated photovoltaic (PV) source as renewable source of energy, a DC supply and 5 semiconductor switches. For achieving lesser total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage without using filter, an optimization scheme, selective harmonic elimination (SHE), has been used. A new metaheuristic technique namely modified biogeography-based optimization (MBBO) is proposed to optimize the firing angles by using the SHE problem. The proposed technique shows better firing angle optimization in comparison to the other popular techniques, i.e., butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), biogeography-based optimization (BBO), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) when applied in the proposed MLI scheme.

4. Power Quality Improvement of an Interconnected Grid System Using PWM Technique of D-STATCOM

   Manoj Kumar Kar, Sanjay Kumar, Arun Kumar Singh

   Abstract

   Electrical distribution systems are witnessing the increase in nonlinear loads with the increased demand for power electronics devices. Such non-linear loads draw distorted currents that degrade the power quality of distribution systems. This paper presents the schematic procedure of the modeling and simulation of the Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) for power factor improvements. It is important to establish a means of providing reactive power compensation near the distribution side. This article presents the use of a D-STATCOM for compensation of harmonics in distribution systems. It describes the methodology of designing controllers based on DQ method. The current regulator control with two-input two-output for the AC side of a voltagessourcesconverter (VSC) can be represented by a transfer function with single–input–single–output. The proposed shunt controller is based on the VSC topology which generates controllable current directly at its output terminal. All responses are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK toolbox.

5. Speed Control of a Three-Phase IM with Closed-Loop Control Scheme

   Rajkumar Yadav, Manoj Kumar Kar, Arun Kumar Singh

   Abstract

   The features of induction motor (IM) such as higher reliability, self-starting, higher power to weight ratio, and low cost made it more popular in industrial applications. Due to time-varying dynamics, non-linearity, and complexity, the speed control of IM is an interesting topic in industries but nowadays, enhancement in power electronic devices and the microcontroller, industry makes it stress-free to control the speed of IM with new and latest technology. In this article, the speed control of the IM is achieved by using SPWM and closed-loop v/f control techniques. When voltage and frequency vary, then speed also varies. These control techniques are developed using MATLAB/Simulink model-based design. In this study, the flux presented in air gap of the machine is preserved as fixed magnitude by maintaining a constant v/f ratio. The closed-loop control system takes care of the steady state and transient performance of the IM drive system during modification in speed without and with the loaded condition.

6. A Review on Recent Technologies in Power Electronic Drives for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

   Rajakumar Sakile, Umesh Kumar Sinha

   Abstract

   In recent years, worldwide environmental policies have set targets with the goal to shift internal combustion engine vehicle to electrified vehicles. Significant interest has been created to develop hybrid and electric vehicles, due to reduce fuel consumption and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents the introduction between conventional vehicle and electric vehicles and also discussed various types of hybrid electrical vehicles, power electronics drives, various aspects, and techniques are discussed related to electric drives and propulsion systems of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). The classification of different possible combinations of HEVs is summarized in the table along with the relevant references. Moreover, this paper also gives a brief summarization of motor drives and the electric configuration system of HEV.

7. Comparative THD Analysis of Multilevel Inverter Using Different Multicarrier PWM Schemes

   Shashi Shekhar Tripathi, Manoj Kumar Kar, Arun Kumar Singh

   Abstract

   Multilevel inverters (MLI) have applications for large voltage and medium power. Multiple carrier PWM scheme is mainly applied for pulse generation due to its simple design and simpler implementation. In phase disposition (IPD), phase opposition disposition (POD), and alternative phase opposition disposition (APOD), multi-carrier PWM (MCPWM) techniques are discussed for pulse generation. The comparative analysis of harmonics is discussed in this paper using MATLAB simulation. Cascaded H-Bridge MLI (CHBMLI) topology of MLI is used for discussion. CHBMLI topology of MLI is preferred in comparison to other topology due to its reduced power semiconductor components, cost, and size. THD percentage for 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 levels of output voltage waveform is discussed and compared. IPD scheme has the lowest THD compared to other schemes for same level of output voltage. As THD reduces output waveform becomes smoother and more sinusoidal.

8. Design and Implementation of Two-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter with Voltage Multiplier for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

   Melisa Miranda, M. Komal, Shweta P. Hegde

   Abstract

   Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles require DC-DC boost converters to be highly efficient to power output loads operated at much higher voltages using low-voltage fuel cell systems. This paper proposes a two-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter provided with a voltage multiplier cell to enhance the performance and to gain a higher voltage level at the output load. The design also reduces the input current ripples, output voltage ripples, and the size of passive electric components. The DC-DC converter is configured and analyzed with the help of MATLAB-SIMULINK to validate the performance of the proposed converter. Simulation and experimental results show that the size of the passive components can be significantly reduced, and the reliability of the fuel cell hybrid electric system can be enhanced.

9. A Unipolar Phase Disposition PWM Technique for Reduced Switch Count Symmetrical Nine-Level Multilevel DC Link Inverter Topology

   Rajakumar Sakile, Marco Rivera, Kasoju Bharath Kumar, Bandela Supriya, A. Bhanuchandar

   Abstract

   This paper presents the implementation of single-phase symmetric nine-level Multilevel DC link (MLDCL) inverter topology with Unipolar Phase Disposition (UPD) PWM control scheme. This topology consists of four half-bridge cells which are connected in cascaded manner with eight unidirectional switches in level generator side and to decide the polarity, one full H-bridge with four unidirectional switches have been integrated at the polarity generator side. This topology possesses less per unit standing voltage and high modularity as compared with traditional multilevel inverters like diode clamped flying capacitor and cascaded H-bridge topologies. In order to generate K level output, Phase Disposition (PD) control scheme requires (K-1) high-frequency carriers. However, the proposed UPD control scheme reduces the number of carrier count by half to generate the K level output. The reduction of carrier count reduces control complexity and burden on the processor. The proposed control technique is well suitable for generalized structure of MLDCL topology to any level count. The simulation results of the topology with proposed control technique have been validated through MATLAB/Simulink environment.

10. A Novel Current Control Scheme for Three-Phase Three-Level Grid-Tied Neutral Point Clamped Inverter

    Kowstubha Palle, Bandela Supriya

    Abstract

    In this paper, a simple and novel current control scheme for three-phase three-level grid-tied neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter is proposed. In this control scheme, conventional space vector modulation (SVM) is basically reflected with a new digital switching approach. In this approach, PI controller and phase-locked loop (PLL) are not used unlike to that of conventional space vector modulation (SVM). Therefore, the computational burden on the processor reduces as compared with the conventional SVM technique and is simple to execute. The NPC inverter with proposed current control scheme can be applicable in wind energy conversion and photovoltaic system-related applications. Simulation studies are validated for the proposed current control scheme for three-phase three-level grid-tied NPC inverter with MATLAB/Simulink platform. By using the proposed control scheme, it is possible to get grid synchronization easily without using the phase-locked loop concept. This scheme also gives a good transient/dynamic response for injected grid current reference values.

11. Active and Reactive Power Control of Grid-Tied Asymmetrical MLI-based PV System with Reduced Switching Frequency

    Hareesh Myneni, A. Pranay Kumar, Somnath A. Mandale, Ganjikunta Siva Kumar

    Abstract

    In this paper, controlling of active power and reactive power of single-phase grid-tied asymmetrical Multi Level Inverter (MLI)-based Photovoltaic (PV) system is done using Model Predictive Controller (MPC). The MLI topology consists of reduced switching device count and it is operated at the reduced switching frequency. The injection of current into the grid has been controlled using a model predictive controller to achieve improvement in power quality and active power injection to the grid from PV. The proposed technique has the capability of excellent current tracking in addition to control of the active and reactive powers flow. The reduced switching frequency and model predictive active and reactive power control algorithm along with the injection of grid current tracking capability are simulated and results are verified under variable weighting factor of MPC.

12. Modelling and Control Aspects of STATCOM Connected to a Grid-Integrated PV System

    Koneti Varalakshmi, R. L. Narasimham, G. Tulasi Ramdas

    Abstract

    This paper provides a detailed modelling and controller design for a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) connected to a grid-integrated PV-based system. Synchronous reference frame modelling of STATCOM has been discussed in this work. Reference current generation-based control scheme has been discussed in this paper. For maintaining a near-constant DC-link, PI controller has been used. Detailed analysis and simulation has been provided for the AC microgrid system comprising of a grid-integrated PV-based system accompanied by STATCOM for reactive power compensation.

13. Comparative Analysis Between Single Diode and Double Diode Solar Topologies of Solar PV Cell

    Sriparna Das, Kumari Namrata

    Abstract

    This paper focuses on the impact of renewable energy sources on generation. The intention of today’s world shifts towards the extraction of power from renewable energy sources like solar, wind, ocean, tidal, hydro, etc. The availability of solar is quite effective than all other sources. So, the design of solar PV cell has been depicted in this paper. Basically, two different modes of approaches are considered over here one is single diode and another double-diode topology. The comparative study between these two models from its source, i.e., the design to its output, i.e., the power generated has been shown to analyze the efficiency of the topologies. Further, the yearly power generation is also plotted from where it can be observed that the total power generated by double diode topology is quite high as compared to single diode topology.

14. Control of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Using dq Axis Theory

    Deepak Kumar Singh, Saibal Manna, Ashok Kumar Akella

    Abstract

    In this paper, the controller design and MATLAB Simulation of a 3-ɸ grid-connected inverter (3-ɸ GCI) are implemented. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) scheme with unipolar switching in dq axis theory or synchronous reference frame is used to control 3-ɸ inverter. The objective of the paper is to design a model in MATLAB/Simulink employing dq theory to control active and reactive grid current separately and maintain total harmonic distortion (THD) less than 5% as per IEEE standard. The control mechanism includes a PI controller and phase-locked loop (PLL). The parameters of the controller have been selected in such way that the injected grid current should be sinusoidal and Unity Power Factor (UPF) along with better dynamic response. The system has been implemented a DC-link high-voltage, 3-ɸ inverter, an LCL filter, and a PLL algorithm. The dq axis theory is preferred as it is easy to implement, active and reactive current can be separately controlled. The simulation results have been verified with the theoretical approach successfully.

15. Active–Reactive Power Support with Optimal Allocation of DG and DSTATCOM in Distribution System Using Flower Pollination and Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Load Growth

    Nandola Maitrey Bharatbhai, Atma Ram Gupta

    Abstract

    After deregulation of power system network, power quality problems like, power loss, voltage reduction, lower reliability, lower environmental friendly, limitation on restructuring, etc., increased. Distribution Network (DN) is directly connected to the load center so majorly power quality problems may have occurred by distribution system. Day-by-day electricity demand is increasing and old power system network is not capable to fulfil load demand. To remove limitations of older power system network, some FACTS devices and Distributed Generation (DG) are used so that consumer can also capable to generate electricity. This paper discusses the distribution system network after implementing DG for active power and DSTATCOM for reactive power support at the best possible place to reduce active power loss and improve the system's voltage profile. In this paper, the comparison of two optimization methods Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) with existing methods is done to find optimal size and location of DG and DSTATCOM. Result of FPA and ABC is implemented on IEEE 33 Radial Distribution Test systems (RDS) using the MATLAB. Furthermore, results of voltage profiles and power losses after DG and DSTATCOM installation is compared with different cases. The analysis verifies that DG + DSTATCOM can reduce power losses and can improve voltage profile of each bus.

16. Analysis and Design Optimization of Six-Phase Induction Motor by Metaheuristic Methods

    Pratyush Prasanna Das, S. N. Mahato

    Abstract

    This paper deals with a new modified version of Flower Pollination algorithm (mFPA), Novel Bat algorithm (NBA) with habitat selection, and Doppler effect in echos, Cuckoo Search algorithm, and also traditional method of design in case of a six-phase induction motor (SPIM). The positional vector of Flower Pollination algorithm has been modified. The performance of the motor has also been compared using the parameters obtained from these methods in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The objective of the paper is to optimize the design parameters of six-phase induction motor by the fittest method of metaheuristic algorithm.

17. Implementation of Complete Vector Control for DFIG Based Wind Turbine

    Rajesh Kumar, Ch. Sekhar, Saibal Manna, A. K. Akella

    Abstract

    A lot of development is carried out on renewable energy technologies for the upcoming trend among which wind energy system and solar energy system is mostly admired and preferred due to the availability of their sources. This paper deals with the wind energy system and control method implementations on the wind turbine system for continuity in the supply of power. Basically, two types of generators, asynchronous and synchronous generator can be used in the function of wind power system. Among asynchronous machines, we are implementing doubly fed induction machine (DFIM), which operates as generator in one of the operation modes for the conversion of mechanical energy (obtained from the wind conversion system) to electrical energy. The wind turbine implemented with DFIM is linked to a grid modeled system via following converters termed as converter of rotor side and converter of stator side converter whose firing angles are dependent on the vector control designed for the system to ensure a better-quality output power. The DFIG based wind turbine model is designed by using MATLAB Simulink software and vector control on the rotor side depends on d-axis current and the required transformation matrices are modeled by using function blocks. The results obtained are studied and analyzed properly considering some of the practical considerations and are able to explain the working of the system.

18. TLO Based OPF with FACTS Devices for DC Link Placement Problem

    B. Suresh Babu

    Abstract

    This paper presents a TLO based OPF with FACTS devices for DC link Placement Problem. The DC links placed in the transmission system involve consumption of reactive power by the converters at both ends. The placement of FACTS devices can be represented as an optimization problem with an objective of reducing a cost function while satisfying network constraints, which may be a nonlinear problem and non-convex and the most complex optimization problem in electric power systems.. The solution process involves sequential NR based AC/DC power flow. It presents simulation results of IEEE14 and 30 bus test systems with a view of demonstrating its effectiveness.