Recent Advances in Power Electronics and Drives

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. A Quasi-Direct Buck-Boost Fuzzy Controlled Rectifier for Rapid Charging of Electric Vehicle Battery

   Rohan Jain, M. S. Manisha

   Abstract

   This paper proposes a rapid DC type charger for electric vehicle battery charging. For charging of the battery a controlled rectifier is utilized for conversion of three-phase AC voltages the DC voltage for which a feedback loop controller is applied. A quasi-direct buck-boost converter is proposed in this paper with three-legged module comprising of one boosting inductor connected between a buck switch and a boost switch. The control of these two switches is achieved by feedback loop control with PI controller. The traditional PI controller is replaced with FIS controller for better rapid charging of the battery with higher current magnitude. This paper includes a simulation comparative analysis of the quasi-direct buck-boost converter with PI and FIS controllers through graphical representation using powergui toolbox in MATLAB software. The results are generated in with respect to time and magnitude of the given parameter.

2. Comparative Analysis of Controlling Methods for Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Energy System

   Aftab Ahmed Ansari, Giribabu Dyanamina

   Abstract

   Significant progress has been made in wind energy generation over recent years. Wind turbines based on doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG-WTs) are popularly used in wind power generation due to its advantages compared to SCIG and PMSG. In order to cope with stability and efficiency, the wind power system requires advanced and robust control methodologies. This article presents a comparative study of DFIG control methods for wind energy systems using three of the most popular and efficient control methods namely, field-oriented control, direct torque control and direct power control. These methodologies are reviewed as well as their performance under various operating conditions is analyzed and compared using MATLAB Simulation.

3. Adaptive Pitch Control of Wind Turbine Generator to Counter Transient Contingencies in a Multi Machine System

   Hailiya Ahsan, Abdul Waheed Kumar, M. D. Mufti

   Abstract

   In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Pitch Control (APC) technique to augment the stability of a wind turbine generator (WTG), when incident with a transient contingency. The control scheme is based on a single input, single output turbine blade pitch regulation, determined from network frequency deviations. This is implemented using MATLAB Level-1 equipped s functions. The aforesaid adaptive control scheme enables the model parameters to be updated online using a trained recursive least squares algorithm, so as to bring the network frequency and voltage deviations to zero. The main motivation behind the adaptive pitch controlled system is the stabilizing of wind generator’s power output under turbulence of staggering wind as well as 3-\(\phi \) faults. Detailed mathematical modeling of the WTG is also discussed, along with the incorporation of a modified Newton Raphson load flow technique for arriving at system’s steady state operating points. It is concluded through simulation studies that the APC equipped WTG guarantees better performance in terms of smooth power and voltage than any conventionally tuned pitch control scheme.

4. Detection of Broken Rotor Bar Fault in an Induction Motor Employing Motor Current Signature Analysis

   Alok Verma, Pratul Arvind, Somnath Sarangi, Jayendra Kumar, Anumeha

   Abstract

   In the present industrial scenario, an induction motor plays an important part for any industry. Any faults in induction motor may lead to expensive and catastrophic for a plant, which may directly influence the reliability of the whole system. Also, rotor faults constitute an important portion of all electrical machine faults and can be a key reason for downtime of the system. Therefore, rotor fault diagnosis of an induction at an early stage can avoid the costly breakdown in an industrial plant. The present work proposed a novel detection algorithm for broken rotor bar in an induction motor using motor current signature analysis (MCSA) which is able to detect fault at an early stage. Real-time motor current from stator winding of an induction motor was acquired and developed algorithms were applied for the detection of broken rotor bar fault. Previously, other sensors such as vibration sensors were also used for this purpose but, those are invasive in nature with high cost however, current sensors are non-invasive and low cost which allow the current sensors-based techniques easier to implement. In this work, statistical method such as multiscale entropy (MSE) algorithm is used as a novel technique which is extracted from the real-time motor current for the detection of broken rotor bar fault. Later, support vector machine (SVM) has been successfully implemented to diagnose the fault at early stage with minimum accuracy of 90.1%.

5. Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic-Grid Connected System for Electric Vehicle Charging

   Manoj Kumar Sharma, Karanbir Singh, Satish Kansal

   Abstract

   Solar energy is one of the main renewable energy sources used as an alternative source throughout the world. A number of researches have been carried out to harness solar energy efficiently and effectively. The one major application of solar energy is charging of electric vehicles. The carbon emissions from internal combustion engines (ICE) of vehicles have necessitated shifting to an alternate source of transportation. Electric Vehicles (EV) being a clean alternative is an ideal candidate for transportation. These EVs when charged through an AC grid generate harmonics that are inserted into the grid resulting in various problems like power shortages, voltage sags, etc. In this work, a practical model has been designed with four charging stations, each serving eight electric vehicles at a time. The power generated from the PV module will be continuously measured and the shift between PV and grid will take place by supervisory control. The battery of EVs considered has the same specifications as that are used in real-life batteries of EVs. The analysis is done regarding the effect of different internal resistances, different state of charge, total harmonic distortion (THD) and scheduling of PV-grid system. It is observed that THD is drastically dropped in terms of voltage and current distortions when charged on ac grid alone. The results reveal that the proposed PV-Grid connected system is quite effective to boost the solar energy and can be practically implemented.

6. Development of the System of Initial Excitation of the Autonomous Induction Generator

   Volodymyr Chenchevoi, Valeriy Kuznetsov, Iurii Zachepa, Oleksii Chornyi, Olga Chencheva, Vitaliy Kuznetsov, Rostyslav Yatsiuk, Olha Luhova

   Abstract

   The article defines the conditions of self-excitation of an inductive generator with capacitor excitation as part of an autonomous power source. Recommendations for the design of an autonomous power source based on an asynchronous machine in terms of the implementation of self-excitation conditions and optimal operating modes are formulated. A simulation model of an autonomous inductive generator and a solar battery for the analysis of transient, static and dynamic modes of operation has been developed. The conducted theoretical studies of capacitive self-excitation of inductive machines have created a good basis for solving problems related to the practical use of autonomous sources based on an inductive generator.

7. Single Phase Five Level Step-Up Switched Capacitor Based Grid Connected Inverter with LCL Filter

   Aratipamula Bhanuchandar, Bhagwan K. Murthy

   Abstract

   In this paper, single phase five level step-up switched capacitor based grid connected inverter with LCL filter has been presented and it comprises six unidirectional switches, eight diodes, two switched capacitors (SCs), and one dc source. Here, LCL filter has been integrated with grid and it provides higher ripple attenuation capability. The cascade connection of two SC units with 1:5 source configuration has the capability to generate 25 level output with RL load has been elucidated with Unified Rounding Control Scheme (URCS). Both in grid connected and RL load cases, the SCs are self-balanced without need of auxiliary circuits and separate complex control schemes. The five level inverter topology provides less per unit Total Standing Voltage (TSV) and boosting ability with single dc source. For grid connected case, a dq frame current control strategy has been applied to achieve Unity Power Factor (UPF) operation with respect to grid voltage and grid current. Finally, to verify the feasibility of proposed topology with RL load and grid connected cases have been validated through MATLAB/Simulink platform.

8. Single Stage Multiple Source Bidirectional Converter for Electric Vehicles

   Siddhant Gudhe, Sanjeev Singh

   Abstract

   Multiple battery energy storage system is gaining popularity for electric vehicles (EVs). This article presents a novel technique for charging multiple batteries using multi-source bidirectional converter (MSBC) for EV application. The DC/DC converter is eliminated which is otherwise used for battery charging. This reduces the size and weight of EVs and improves overall efficiency of the electric vehicle drive. The stator winding of the traction motor is used to charge batteries so the inductance requirement is also eliminated. This scheme is suitable for single phase level 1 charging of EVs. The bidirectional converter is also used for running EV traction motor through main battery. This paper discusses operation of MSBC while charging through single phase supply, the voltage/current waveforms, and the switching sequences. The performance of the proposed model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment is presented for validation of proposed concepts.

9. Indirect Current Vector Controlled Three-Level Inverter for Induction Motor Driven Electric Vehicle

   Paramjeet Singh Jamwal, Sanjeev Singh, Shailendra Jain

   Abstract

   This paper focus on the efficient and effective control of induction motor (IM) for electric vehicles (EVs). Two commonly used topologies of three-level inverters (3LIs) namely cascaded h-bridge (CHB) and neutral point clamped (NPC) are considered in this paper for comparison of performances. The indirect current vector control (ICVC) scheme is modified to operate the 3LIs feeding EV. These two 3LIs are operated with modified ICVC scheme and their performances are compared with two-level inverter (2LI) fed induction motor drive (IMD) controlled EV. The performance simulation results favor the use of 3LIs over 2LI. This performance simulation is carried out on R2017b version of MATLAB-SIMULINK software.

10. Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Sliding Mode Control Techniques for DC-DC Boost Converter for PV System Under Transient Conditions

    Pankaj Swarnkar, Suresh Kumar Gawre, Gagnesh Akodiya

    Abstract

    The PV array has low conversion efficiency and requires the techniques to meet the specific load-demand from the source. One popular technique is the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). This operation depends upon various atmospheric and working conditions, i.e., solar irradiance and temperature. This paper objects to regulate the output voltage of a boost converter for constant voltage load application which takes power from a solar panel. In order to regulate the output voltage of a boost converter a Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique for boost converter is designed and implemented. The PI controller is tuned with Zeigler-Nichols method for satisfactory results. As the PI control scheme is a linear control scheme and easy to implement, it is used widely in industrial applications, but is sluggish in nature and does not respond well to frequent changes due to system inertia. A robust nonlinear control based on Sliding Model Control (SMC) technique is also designed and implemented to cope up with the variations in the load and supply voltage. It is observed by detailed simulation studies that SMC adapts unpredictable changes in system parameters and maintains the system performance, so best suited for variable structure systems.

11. Development of Fault Indicators for Stator Inter-turn Fault Diagnosis of a Synchronous Generator Using Kalman Filter

    P. V. Sunil Nag, C. Santhosh Kumar

    Abstract

    Synchronous generator is an important component of a power generating system and hence its reliability is paramount. The need for a reliable synchronous generator has led to the development of fault indicators that can help an operator/engineer to identify faults in presence of disturbing factors. A stator inter-turn fault is a seed fault for most of the electrical faults in a synchronous generator. In this work, a linear Kalman filter-based fault indicator is developed to identify the stator inter-turn fault. The same indicator can also uniquely indicate load imbalance (a major disturbing factor). A finite element simulation is used for proving the working of this indicator. This work also extends previous work on the modeling of a faulty synchronous generator to accommodate fault in all the phases.

12. Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion System Through Parallel Inverter Topology for Power Quality Enhancement

    M. E. Aswathi, C. M. Nirmal Mukundan, M. V. Manoj Kumar, P. Jayaprakash

    Abstract

    A wind energy conversion system (WECS) is presented in this paper, which integrates the distribution grid through the parallel inverter configuration. A wind turbine unit with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) followed by a bridge rectifier and DC-DC converter for the extraction of maximum power is used. The second inverter shares the common DC link, and mitigates the reactive power and harmonics demands of the local loads. One of the major advantages of this work is the elimination of mechanical wind speed sensors. Therefore, the scheme increases the reliability, and achieves active power injection, and reactive power compensation without causing overburden to the conventional single inverter.

13. Improvement in Quality of Power of Grid-Connected Wind Energy System Through STATCOM—A Review

    Manisha Priyadarsani Nayak, Suresh Kumar Gawre, Shailendra Kumar

    Abstract

    Wind energy is the most economical renewable energy as it does not emit any greenhouse gases but the power quality of wind energy degrades a lot when it integrates into grid due to fluctuating nature of wind. The degradation in power quality occurs due to harmonics, flickers, voltage dip, swell and sag. So to avoid these power quality problems, a FACT device static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is connected along with a battery. Battery energy storage system (BESS) has the role to inject and absorb the active and reactive power so it adds extra support to the STATCOM. To activate the IGBT of STATCOM; switching signals are provided by Bang Bang control scheme, which is also known as hysteresis current controlled technique of STATCOM. When this hysteresis current controller gives a switching signal to STATCOM; it will inject a harmonic free current into the grid and reactive power compensation can be done easily.

14. A Computational Intelligence-Based Novel Bearing Defect Detection Method

    Arpana Singh, K. R. Satyajit, Papia Ray

    Abstract

    This paper proposes the development of a unique method for monitoring procedures for rolling element bearing. Mechanical signals can be classified as Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise. Both of these noises obstruct the detection of rolling bearing defects using customary techniques. Analysis of bispectrum helps to filter out the Gaussian noise. The main focus of the paper is the removal of the non-Gaussian noise signal and thereafter due to noise in the signal methods like empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is carried out. In this paper, it is observed that EMD undergoes the problem of mode mixing and is incapacitated of separating mode frequencies present in octave. So, we look for another method, i.e. ensemble empirical mode decomposition method (EEMD). This reduces the non-Gaussian noise effectively with the addition of white noise to the EMD several times. Also, it is noticed from simulation results that masking of EMD helps in separating modes of the signal. So, EEMD and masking EMD have been suggested in this work to determine bearing defect.