nach oben

Erschienen in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Recent Progress in Emerging Microalgae Technology for Biofuel Production

verfasst von : John Jeslin, Antwin Koshy, Munusamy Chamundeeswari, Madan Lal Verma

Erschienen in: Substrate Analysis for Effective Biofuels Production

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Microalgae are potentially remarked as the efficient candidate for the economically valuable biofuel production. The microalgal biomass is capable of storing solar energy into a biochemical energy that forms a promising feedstock for biofuel production. The greatest threat in the production of biofuels from microalgae lies in the economic transition of microalgal biomass into biofuels. The global efforts have been initiated for the modifications of microalgal strains that would reasonably result in increased biomass yield thereby increasing the total lipid productivity. Furthermore, the commercialization of the microalgal-based biofuels enables the disposal of unsustainable and nonrenewable fossil fuels. In this chapter, we review the recent exploration of oleaginous microalgae for the increased production of biofuels by the enhancement of triacylglycerol (TAG)/lipid accumulation within microalgal cells. In addition to this, various aspects of genetic manipulation of microalgal species to induce enhanced TAG/lipid biosynthesis and accumulation have also been critically discussed.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Suitability of the Lantana Weed as a Substrate for Biogas Production

Nächstes Kapitel Recent Update on Biodiesel Production Using Various Substrates and Practical Execution

Abd El Baky HH, El-Baroty GS, Bouaid A, Martinez M, Aracil J (2012) Enhancement of lipid accumulation in Scenedesmus obliquus by optimizing CO2 and Fe3+ levels for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 119:429–432CrossRef

Abou-Shanab RAI, Singh M, Rivera-Cruz A, Power G, Bagby-Moon T, Das K (2016) Effect of Brachionus rubens on the growth characteristics of various species of microalgae. Electron J Biotechnol 22:68–74CrossRef

Abu Hajar HA, Riefler RG, Stuart BJ (2017) Cultivation of the microalga Neochloris oleoabundans for biofuels production and other industrial applications (a review). Appl Biochem Microbiol 53(6):640–653CrossRef

Adeniyi OM, Azimov U, Burluka A (2018) Algae biofuel: current status and future applications. J Renew Sustain Energy 90:316–335CrossRef

Al-lwayzy S, Yusaf T (2013) Chlorella protothecoides microalgae as an alternative fuel for tractor diesel engines. Energies 6:766CrossRef

Al-lwayzy SH, Yusaf T, Al-Juboori RA (2014) Biofuels from the fresh water microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (FWM-CV) for diesel engines. Energies 7:1829–1851CrossRef

Andrade MR, Costa JAV (2007) Mixotrophic cultivation of microalga Spirulina platensis using molasses as organic substrate. Aquaculture 264(1–4):130–134CrossRef

Apel AC, Botz DW (2015) Engineering solutions for open microalgae mass cultivation and realistic indoor simulation of outdoor environments. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 38:995–1008CrossRef

Apel AC, Pfaffingera CE, Basedahla N, Mittwollena N, Göbela J, Sautera J, Brückb T, Weuster-Botz D (2017) Open thin-layer cascade reactors for saline microalgae production evaluated in a physically simulated Mediterranean summer climate. Algal Res 25:381–390CrossRef

Arora N, Gulati K, Patel A, Pruthi PA, Poluri KM, Pruthi V (2017a) A hybrid approach integrating arsenic detoxification with biodiesel production using oleaginous microalgae. Algal Res 24:29–39CrossRef

Arora N, Patel A, Sharma M, Mehtani J, Pruthi PA, Pruthi Fei X, Li X, Li P, Deng X (2017b) Involvement of Chlamydomonas DNA damage tolerance gene UBC2 in lipid accumulation. Algal Res 22:148–159CrossRef

Awudu I, Zhang J (2012) Uncertainties and sustainability concepts in biofuel supply chain management: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2:1359–1368CrossRef

Banerjee C, Dubey KK, Shukla P (2016) Metabolic engineering of microalgal based biofuel production: prospects and challenges. Front Microbiol 7:432

Bellou S, Baeshen MN, Elazzazy AM, Aggeli D, Sayegh F, Aggelis G (2014) Microalgal lipids biochemistry and biotechnological perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 32:1476–1493CrossRef

Bergmann P, Trösch W (2016) Repeated fed-batch cultivation of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 in flat-panel airlift photobioreactors with static mixers for improved light utilization: influence of nitrate, carbon supply and photobioreactor design. Algal Res 17:79–86CrossRef

Bigogno C, Khozin-Goldberg I, Cohen Z (2002) Accumulation of arachidonic acid-rich triacylglycerols in the microalga Parietochloris incisa (trebuxiophyceae, chlorophyta). Phytochemistry 60:135–143CrossRef

Bilanovic D, Andargatchew A, Kroeger T, Shelef G (2009) Freshwater and marine microalgae sequestering of CO₂ at different C and N concentrations—response surface methodology analysis. Energy Convers Manag 50(2):262–267CrossRef

Billad MR, Arafat HA, Vankelecom IFJ (2015) Membrane technology in microalgae cultivation and harvesting: a review. Biotechnol Adv 32:1283–1300CrossRef

Blanken W, Schaap S, Theobald S, Rinzema A, Wijffels RH, Janssen M (2017) Optimizing carbon dioxide utilization for microalgae biofilm cultivation. Biotechnol Bioeng 114(4):769–776CrossRef

Blatti JL, Michaud J, Burkart MD (2013) Engineering fatty acid biosynthesis in microalgae for sustainable biodiesel. Curr Opin Chem Biol 17:496–505CrossRef

Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–917CrossRef

Bosma R, de Vree JH, Slegers PM, Janssen M, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ (2014) Design and construction of the microalgal pilot facility AlgaePARC. Algal Res Biomass Biofuels Bioprod 6:160–169

Brennan I, Owende P (2010) Biofuels from microalgae. A review of technologies for production, processing and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14:557–577CrossRef

Bridgwater AV (2007) IEA bioenergy 27th update: biomass pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy 31:7–18

Bruton T, Lyons H, Lerat Y, Stanley M, Rasmussen MB (2009) A review of the potential of marine algae as a source of biofuel in Ireland. Sustainable Energy Ireland, Dublin, p 88

Buchspies B, Kaltschmitt M (2016) Life cycle assessment of bioethanol from wheat and sugar beet discussing environmental impacts of multiple concepts of co-product processing in the context of the European Renewable Energy Directive. Biofuels:1–24

Cao J, Yuan H, Li B, Yang J (2014) Significance evaluation of the effects of environmental factors on the lipid accumulation of Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 under low-nutrition heterotrophic condition. Bioresour Technol 152:177–184CrossRef

Casoni AI, Zunino J, Piccolo MC, Volpe MA (2016) Valorization of Rhizoclonium sp. algae via pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis. Bioresour Technol 216:302–307CrossRef

Cercado PA, Ballesteros FC, Capareda SC (2018) Biodiesel from three microalgae transesterification processes using different homogenous catalysts. Int J Technol 4:645–651CrossRef

Chang JS, Show PL, Ling TC, Chen CY, Ho SH, Tan CH et al (2017) Photobioreactors. In: Larroche C, Sanroman M, Du G, Pandey A (eds) Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering: bioprocesses, bioreactors and controls. Elsevier, Atlanta, pp 313–352CrossRef

Chapman KD, Ohlrogge JB (2012) Compartmentation of triacylglycerol accumulation in plants. J Biol Chem 287:2288–2294CrossRef

Chatsungnoen T, Chisti Y (2016) Harvesting microalgae by flocculation–sedimentation. Algal Res 13:271–283CrossRef

Chen L, Li P, Liu Z, Jiao Q (2008) The released polysaccharide of the cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica inhibits flocculation of the alga with ferric chloride. J Appl Phycol 21(3):327–331CrossRef

Chen CY et al (2013) Microalgae-based carbohydrates for biofuel production. Biochem Eng J 78:1–10CrossRef

Chen W, Lin B, Huang M, Chang J (2015) Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: a review. Bioresour Technol 184:314–327CrossRef

Chen JH, Chen CY, Hasunuma T, Kondo A, Chang CH, Ng I, Chang JS (2019) Enhancing lutein production with mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana MB-1-M12 using different bioprocess operation strategies. Bioresour Technol 278:17–25CrossRef

Chew KW, Yap JY, Show PL, Suan NH, Juan JC, Ling TC, Lee DJ, Chang J (2017) Microalgae biorefinery: high value products perspectives. Bioresour Technol 229:53–62CrossRef

Chi Z, Zheng Y, Jiang A, Chen S (2011) Lipid production by culturing oleaginous yeast and algae with food waste and municipal wastewater in an integrated process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 165:442–453CrossRef

Chiaramonti D, Prussi M, Casini D, Tredici MR, Rodolfi L, Bassi N, Zittelli GC, Bondioli P (2013) Review of energy balance in raceway ponds for microalgae cultivation: rethinking a traditional system is possible. Appl Energy 102:101–111CrossRef

Chisti Y (2007) Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 25(3):294–306CrossRef

Chisti Y (2016) Large-scale production of algal biomass: raceway ponds. In: Bux F, Chisti Y (eds) Algae biotechnology: products and processes. Springer, New York, pp 21–40CrossRef

Chiu SY, Kao CY, Tsai MT, Ong SC, Chen CH, Lin CS (2009) Lipid accumulation and CO₂ utilization of Nanochloropsis oculata in response to CO₂ aeration. Bioresour Technol 100(2):833–838CrossRef

Cho DH, Choi JW, Kang Z, Kim BH, Oh HM, Kim HS et al (2017) Microalgal diversity fosters stable biomass productivity in open ponds treating wastewater. Sci Rep 7:1–11CrossRef

Chojnacka K, Noworyta A (2004) Evaluation of Spirulina sp. growth in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures. Enzym Microb Technol 34(5):461–465CrossRef

Craggs R, Heubeck S, Lundquist T, Benemann J (2011) Algal biofuels from wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds. Water Sci Technol 63(4):660–665CrossRef

Cronan JE, Waldrop GL (2002) Multi-subunit acetyl-CoA carboxylases. Prog Lipid Res 41:407–435CrossRef

Crowe B, Attalah S, Agrawa S, Waller P, Rya R, Van Wagenen J et al (2012) A comparison of Nannochloropsis salina growth performance in two outdoor pond designs: conventional raceways versus the arid pond with superior temperature management. Int J Chem Eng Appl 2012:9–21

Davis R, Aden A, Pienkos PT (2011) Techno-economic analysis of autotrophic microalgae for fuel production. Appl Energy 88:3524–3531CrossRef

De Andrade GA, Berenguel M, Guzmán JL, Pagano DJ, Acién FG (2016) Optimization of biomass production in outdoor tubular photobioreactors. J Process Control 37:58–69CrossRef

de Godos I, Mendoza JL, Acién FG, Molina E, Banks CJ, Heaven S et al (2014) Evaluation of carbon dioxide mass transfer in raceway reactors for microalgae culture using flue gases. Bioresour Technol 153:307–314CrossRef

de la Jara A, Assunção P, Portillo E, Freijanes K, Mendoza H (2016) Evolution of microalgal biotechnology: a survey of the European Patent Office database. J Appl Phycol 28(5):2727–2740CrossRef

Deng XD, Gu B, Li YJ, Hu XW, Guo JC, Fei XW (2012) The roles of acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 genes in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols by the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Plant 5:945–947CrossRef

Deng X, Cai J, Fei X (2013) Effect of the expression and knockdown of citrate synthase gene on carbon flux during triacylglycerol biosynthesis by green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BMC Biochem 14:38CrossRef

Deng X, Cai J, Li Y, Fei X (2014) Expression and knockdown of the PEPC1 gene affect carbon flux in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols by the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnol Lett 36:2199–2208CrossRef

Depra MC, LGR M, de Menezes CR, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E (2019) A new hybrid photobioreactor design for microalgae culture. Chem Eng Res Des 144:1–10CrossRef

Devi MP, Mohan SV (2012) CO2 supplementation to domestic wastewater enhances microalgae lipid accumulation under mixotrophic microenvironment: effect of sparging period and interval. Bioresour Technol 112:116–123CrossRef

Divakaran R, Pillai VNS (2002) Flocculation of algae using chitosan. J Appl Phycol 14(5):419–422CrossRef

Doucha J, Straka F, Lívanský K (2005) Utilization of flue gas for cultivation of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) in an outdoor open thin-layer photobioreactor. J Appl Phycol 17(5):403–412CrossRef

Duraiarasan S, Razack SA, Manickam A et al (2016) Direct conversion of lipids from marine microalga C. salina to biodiesel with immobilised enzymes using magnetic nanoparticle. J Environ Chem Eng 4:1393–1398CrossRef

Ehimen EA, Sun ZF, Carrington CG (2010) Variables affecting the in situ transesterification of microalgae lipids. Fuel 89:677–684CrossRef

El-Salama S, Kabra AN, Ji MK, Kim JR, Min B, Jeon BH (2014) Enhancement of microalgae growth and fatty acid content under the influence of phytohormones. Bioresour Technol 172:97–103CrossRef

Eriksen N (2008a) Production of phycocyanin – a pigment with applications in biology, biotechnology, foods and medicine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80(1):1–14CrossRef

Eriksen N (2008b) The technology of microalgal culturing. Biotechnol Lett 30(9):1525–1536CrossRef

Eustance E, Badvipour S, Wray JT, Sommerfeld MR (2015) Biomass productivity of two Scenedesmus strains cultivated semi-continuously in outdoor raceway ponds and flat-panel photobioreactors. J Appl Phycol 28:1471–1483CrossRef

Fan J, Ning K, Zeng X, Luo Y, Wang D, Hu J et al (2015) Genomic foundation of starch-to-lipid switch in oleaginous Chlorella spp. Plant Physiol 169:2444–2461

Faried M, Samer M, Abdelsalam E, Yousef RS, Attia YA, Ali AS (2017) Biodiesel production from microalgae: processes, technologies and recent advancements. Renew Sust Energ Rev 79:893–913CrossRef

Fei X, Li X, Li P, Deng X (2017) Involvement of Chlamydomonas DNA damage tolerance gene UBC2 in lipid accumulation. Algal Res 22:148–159CrossRef

Fernández FGA, Sevilla JMF, Grima EM (2013) Photobioreactors for the production of microalgae. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12:131–151CrossRef

Francisco EC, Franco TT, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E (2015) From waste-to-energy: the process integration and intensification for bulk oil and biodiesel production by microalgae. J Environ Chem Eng 3:482–487CrossRef

Fu CC, Hung TC, Chen JY et al (2010) Hydrolysis of microalgae cell walls for production of reducing sugar and lipid extraction. Bioresour Technol 101(22):8750–8754CrossRef

García-Mañas F, Guzmána JL, Berenguela M, Acién FG (2019) Biomass estimation of an industrial raceway photobioreactor using an extended Kalman filter and a dynamic model for microalgae production. Algal Res 37:103–114CrossRef

Ghosh A, Khanra S, Mondal M, Halder G, Tiwari ON, Saini S, Kumar T, Gayen K (2016) Progress toward isolation of strains and genetically engineered strains of microalgae for production of biofuel and other value added chemicals: a review. Energy Convers Manag 113:104–118CrossRef

Gimpel JA, Henríquez V, Mayfield SP (2015) In metabolic engineering of eukaryotic microalgae: potential and challenges come with great diversity. Front Microbiol 6:1–14CrossRef

Gomaa MA, Al-Haj L, Abed RMM (2016) Metabolic engineering of Cyanobacteria and microalgae for enhanced production of biofuels and high-value products. J Appl Microbiol 121(4):919–931CrossRef

Gomes MCS, Arroyo PA, Pereira NC (2015) Influence of oil quality on biodiesel purification by ultrafiltration. J Membr Sci 496:242–249CrossRef

Goyal HB, Seal D, Saxena RC (2008) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 12(2):504–501CrossRef

Gross M, Jarboe D, Wen Z (2015) Biofilm-based algal cultivation systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:5781–5789CrossRef

Gurr MI, Harwood JL, Frayn KN (2002) Lipid biochemistry: an introduction, 5th edn. Blackwell, Oxford, p 320CrossRef

Halim R, Gladman B, Danquah MK, Webley PA (2011) Oil extraction from microalgae for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 102(1):178–185CrossRef

Harris J, Viner K, Champagne P, Jessop PG (2018) Advances in microalgal lipid extraction for biofuel production: a review. Biofuels Bioprod Bioref:1–18

Harun R, Singh M, Forde GM, Danquah MK (2010) Bioprocess engineering of microalgae to produce a variety of consumer products. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14:1037–1047CrossRef

Harun I, Yahya L, Chik MN, Kadir NNA, Pang MA (2014) Effects of natural light dilution on microalgae growth. Int J Chem Eng Appl 5(2):112–116

Heidari M, Kariminia HR, Shayegan J (2016) Effect of culture age and initial inoculums size on lipid accumulation and productivity in a hybrid cultivation system of Chlorella vulgaris. Process Saf Environ 104:111–122CrossRef

Hena S, Fatimah S, Tabassum S (2015) Cultivation of algae consortium in a dairy farm wastewater for biodiesel production. Water Resourc Ind 10:1–14CrossRef

Ho SH, Chen CY, Chang JS (2012) Effect of light intensity and nitrogen starvation on CO2 fixation and lipid/carbohydrate production of an indigenous microalga Scenedesmusobliquus CNW-N. Bioresour Technol 113:244–252CrossRef

Ho S, Ye X, Hasunuma T, Chang J, Kondo A (2014) Perspectives on engineering strategies for improving biofuel production from microalgae – a critical review. Biotechnol Adv 32:1448–1459CrossRef

Hoffmann M, Wagner M, Abbadi A, Fulda M, Feussner I (2008) Metabolic engineering of omega3-very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production by an exclusively acyl-CoA-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 283:22352–22362CrossRef

Hoh D, Watson S, Kan E (2015) Algal biofilm reactors for integrated wastewater treatment and biofuel production: a review. Chem Eng J 287:466–473CrossRef

Hossain FM, Rainey TJ, Ristovski Z, Brown RJ (2018) Performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engines using microalgae FAME and the prospects for microalgae HTL biocrude. Renew Sust Energ Rev 82:4269–4278CrossRef

Hsiao M, Lin C (2013) Optimization of the production of biodiesel assisted by ultrasonic and microwave. Int J Electr Power 2(2):54–59

Hsieh HJ, Su CH, Chien LJ (2012) Accumulation of lipid production in Chlorella minutissima by triacylglycerol biosynthesis-related genes cloned from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. J Microbiol 50:526–534CrossRef

Hsueh HT, Chu H, Yu ST (2007) A batch study on the bio-fixation of carbon dioxide in the absorbed solution from a chemical wet scrubber by hot spring and marine algae. Chemosphere 66(5):878–886CrossRef

Htet MZ, Ling LY, Yun SH et al (2013) Biofuel from microalgae: a review on the current status and future trends. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res 4(3):329–341

Hu JY, Sato T (2017) A photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation with internal illumination considering flashing light effect and optimized light-source arrangement. Energy Convers Manag 133:558–565CrossRef

Hu G, Pan JL, Hu YL et al (2008) Preparation and evaluation of solid phase microextraction fiber based on molecularly imprinted polymers for trace analysis of tetracyclines in complicated samples. J Chromatogr A 1188:97–107CrossRef

Huang Q, Jiang F, Wang L, Yang C (2017) Design of photobioreactors for mass cultivation of photosynthetic organisms. Engineering 3:318–329CrossRef

Huerlimann R, Heimann K (2013) Comprehensive guide to acetyl-carboxylases in algae. Crit Rev Biotechnol 33:49–65CrossRef

Huntley M, Redalje D (2007) CO₂ mitigation and renewable oil from photosynthetic microbes: a new appraisal. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Chang 12(4):573–608CrossRef

Hwnag JH, Choi JA, Abou-Shanab RA, Raghavulu VS, Salama ESA, Dempsey BA, Jeon BH (2011) Influences of CO2 and light wavelength on the acceleration of microalgal biomass as raw materials for biodiesel production. Abstracts of papers of the American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society 1155, Washington, DC, USA 20036

Ibanez-Salazar A, Rosales-Mendoza S, Rocha-Uribe A, Ramirez-Alonso JI, Lara-Hernandez I, HernandezTorres A et al (2014) Over-expression of Dof-type transcription factor increases lipid production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biotechnol 184:27–38CrossRef

Iskandarov U, Sitnik S, Shtaida N, Didi-Cohen S, Leu S, Khozin-Goldberg I et al (2015) Cloning and characterization of a GPAT-like gene from the microalga Lobosphaera incisa (Trebouxiophyceae): overexpression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enhances TAG production. J Appl Phycol 28:907–919CrossRef

Ito T, Tanaka M, Shinkawa H, Nakada T, Ano Y, Kurano N et al (2013) Metabolic and morphological changes of an oil accumulating trebouxiophycean alga in nitrogen-deficient conditions. Metabolomics 9:178–187CrossRef

Iwai M, Ikeda K, Shimojima M, Ohta H (2014) Enhancement of extraplastidic oil synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase with a phosphorus starvation-inducible promoter. Plant Biotechnol J 12:808–819CrossRef

Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ, Merida LGR, Maroneze MM, Neves C (2016) Fotobiorreator híbrido industrial e bioprocesso realizado por meio do dito fotobiorreator. Patent PT2016041028

James ES, Cronan JE (2004) Expression of two Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunits is autoregulated. J Biol Chem 279:2520–2527CrossRef

Janssen M, Tramper J, Mur LR, Wijffels RH (2003) Enclosed outdoor photobioreactors: light regime, photosynthetic efficiency, scale-up, and future prospects. Biotechnol Bioeng 81(2):193–210CrossRef

Jazzar S, Quesada-Medina J, Olivares-Carrillo P, Marzouki MN, Acién-Fernández FG, Fernández-Sevilla JM et al (2015) A whole biodiesel conversion process combining isolation, cultivation and in situ supercritical methanol transesterification of native microalgae. Bioresour Technol 190:281–288CrossRef

Jiménez C, Cossı́o BR, Labella D, Xavier Niell F (2003) The feasibility of industrial production of Spirulina (Arthrospira) in southern Spain. Aquaculture 217:179–190CrossRef

Jorquera O, Kiperstok A, Sales EA, Embiruçu M, Ghirardi ML (2010) Comparative energy life-cycle analyses of microalgal biomass production in open ponds and photobioreactors. Bioresour Technol 101:1406–1413CrossRef

Juneja A, Ceballos RM, Murthy GS (2013) Effects of environmental factors and nutrient availability on the biochemical composition of algae for biofuels production: a review. Energies 6:4607–4638CrossRef

Kang NK, Kim EK, Kim YU, Lee B, Jeong WJ, Jeong BR, Chang YK (2017) Increased lipid production by heterologous expression of AtWRI1 transcription factor in Nannochloropsis salina. Biotechnol Biofuels 10:1–14CrossRef

Katiyar R, Gurjar BR, Bharti RQ, Kumar A, Biswas S, Pruthi V (2017) Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae in photobioreactor using low cost crude glycerol for enhanced biodiesel production. Renew Energy 113:1359–1365CrossRef

Khademi F, Yıldız İ, Yıldız AC, Abachi S (2015) Advances in algae harvesting and extracting technologies for biodiesel production. In: Progress in clean energy, vol 2. Springer, Cham, pp 65–82CrossRef

Khozin-Goldberg I, Cohen Z (2006) The effect of phosphate starvation on the lipid and fatty acid composition of the fresh water eustigmatophyte Monodus subterraneus. Phytochemistry 67:696–701CrossRef

Klaus D, Ohlrogge JB, Neuhaus HE, Dormann P (2004) Increased fatty acid production in potato by engineering of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Planta 219:389–396CrossRef

Klok AJ, Lamers PP, Martens DE, Draaisma RB, Wijffels RH (2014) Edible oils from microalgae: insights in TAG accumulation. Trends Biotechnol 32:521–528CrossRef

Koller M (2015) Design of closed photobioreactors for algal cultivation. In: Prokop A, Bajpai RK, Zappi ME (eds) Algal biorefineries, products and refinery design, vol 2. Springer, Cham, pp 139–186

Koller M, Salerno A, Tuffner P, Koinigg M, Böchzelt H, Schober S et al (2012) Characteristics and potential of micro algal cultivation strategies: a review. J Clean Prod 37:377–388CrossRef

Lal A, Das D (2016) Biomass production and identification of suitable harvesting technique for Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11 and Synechocystis PCC 6803. 3. Biotech 6:41–51

Laurens LML, Chen-Glasser M, McMillan JD (2017) A perspective on renewable bioenergy from photosynthetic algae as feedstock for biofuels and bioproducts. Algal Res 24:261–264CrossRef

Lee OK, Lee EY (2016) Sustainable production of bioethanol from renewable brown algae biomass. Biomass Bioenergy 92:70–75CrossRef

Lenka SK, Carbonaro N, Park R, Miller SM, Thorpe I, Li Y (2016) Current advances in molecular, biochemical, and computational modeling analysis of microalgal triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Biotechnol Adv 34:1046–1063CrossRef

Leyva L, Bashan Y, de-Bashan L (2015) Activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is not directly linked to accumulation of lipids when Chlorella vulgaris is co-immobilised with Azospirillum brasilense in alginate under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Ann Microbiol 65:339–349CrossRef

Li P, Miao X, Li R et al (2011) In situ biodiesel production from fast-growing and high oil content Chlorella pyrenoidosa in rice straw hydrolysate. J Biomed Biotechnol 1:8

Li Y, Han D, Yoon K, Zhu S, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q (2013) Molecular and cellular mechanisms for lipid synthesis and accumulation in microalgae: biotechnological implications. Handbook of microalgal culture. Wiley, Chichester, pp 545–565

Li J, Han D, Wang D, Ning K, Jia J, Wei L et al (2014a) Choreography of transcriptomes and lipidomes of nannochloropsis reveals the mechanisms of oil synthesis in microalgae. Plant Cell 26:1645–1665CrossRef

Li J, Stamato M, Velliou E, Jeffryes C, Agathos SN (2014b) Design and characterization of a scalable airlift flat panel photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation. J Appl Phycol 27:75–86CrossRef

Liang Z, Liu Y, Ge F, Liu N, Wong M (2015) A pH-dependent enhancement effect of co-cultured Bacillus licheniformis on nutrient removal by Chlorella vulgaris. Ecol Eng 75:258–263CrossRef

Liao JC, Mi L, Pontrelli S, Luo S (2016) Fuelling the future: microbial engineering for the production of sustainable biofuels. Nat Rev Microbiol 14(5):288–304CrossRef

Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson MX, Arondel V, Bates PD et al (2013) Acyl-lipid metabolism. Arabidopsis Book 11:e0161CrossRef

Li-Beisson Y, Beisson F, Riekhof W (2015) Metabolism of acyl-lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J 82:504–522CrossRef

Linares P, Perez-Arriaga IJ (2013) A sustainable framework for biofuels in Europe. Energy Policy 52:166–169CrossRef

Liu B, Benning C (2012) Lipid metabolism in microalgae distinguishes itself. Curr Opin Biotechnol 24:300–309CrossRef

Liu ZY, Wang GC, Zhou BC (2008) Effect of iron on growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresour Technol 99(11):4717–4722CrossRef

Liu J, Han D, Yoon K, Hu Q, Li Y (2016) Characterization of type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveals their distinct substrate specificities and functions in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Plant J 86:3–19CrossRef

Lohman EJ, Gardner RD, Pedersen T, Peyton BM, Cooksey KE, Gerlach R (2015) Optimized inorganic carbon regime for enhanced growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris. Biotechnol Biofuels 1:13

Lu Y, Zhai Y, Liu M, Wu Q (2010) Biodiesel production from algal oil using cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as feedstock. J Appl Phycol 22:573–578CrossRef

Lundquist T, Woertz I, Quinn N, Benemann J (2010) A realistic technology and engineering assessment of algae biofuel production. Energy Bio-Sci Inst:1–178

Luo Y, Le-Clech P, Henderson RK (2016) Simultaneous microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment in submerged membrane photobioreactors: a review. Algal Res 24:425–437CrossRef

Lv H, Qu G, Qi X, Lu L, Tian C, Ma Y (2013) Transcriptome analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during the process of lipid accumulation. Genomics 101:229–237CrossRef

Mackay S, Gomes E, Holliger C, Bauer R, Schwitzguébel JP (2015) Harvesting of Chlorella sorokiniana by co-culture with the filamentous fungus Isariafumosorosea: a potential sustainable feedstock for hydrothermal gasification. Bioresour Technol 185:353–361CrossRef

Marbella L, Bilad MR, Passaris I, Discart V, Bañadme D, Beuckels A et al (2014) Membrane photobioreactors for integrated microalgae cultivation and nutrient remediation of membrane bioreactors effluent. Bioresour Technol 163:228–235CrossRef

Markou G, Georgakakis D (2011) Cultivation of filamentous cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in agro-industrial wastes and wastewaters: a review. Appl Energy 88:3389–3401CrossRef

Maroneze MM, Barin JS, Menezes CR, Queiroz MI, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E (2014) Treatment of cattle-slaughterhouse wastewater and the reuse of sludge for biodiesel production by microalgal heterotrophic bioreactors. Sci Agric 71:521–524CrossRef

Maroneze MM, Siqueira SF, Vendruscolo RG, Wagner R, Menezes CR, Zepka LQ et al (2016) The role of photoperiods on photobioreactors – a potential strategy to reduce costs. Bioresour Technol 219:493–499CrossRef

Mascolo MC, Pei Y, Ring TA (2013) Room temperature co-precipitation synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles in a large pH window with different bases. Materials 6:5549–5567CrossRef

Masojidek J, Torzillo G (2008) Mass cultivation of fresh water microalgae. Encyclopedia of Ecology:2226–2235

McGinn PJ, Dickinson KE, Park KC, Whitney CG, MacQuarrie SP, Black FJ et al (2014) Assessment of the bioenergy and bioremediation potentials of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. AMDD cultivated in municipal wastewater effluent in batch and continuous mode. Algal Res 1:155–165CrossRef

McKendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (Part 2): conversion technologies. Bioresour Technol 83(1):47–54CrossRef

Miao X, Wu Q (2006) Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. Bioresour Technol 97(6):841–846CrossRef

Miller R, Wu G, Deshpande RR, Vieler A, Gartner K, Li X et al (2010) Changes in transcript abundance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii following nitrogen deprivation predict diversion of metabolism. Plant Physiol 154:1737–1752CrossRef

Molina-Grima E, Belarbi EH, Fernandez AFG, Robles MA, Chisti Y (2003) Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and economics. Biotechnol Adv 20:491–515CrossRef

Münkel R, Schmid-Staiger U, Werner A, Hirth T (2013) Optimization of outdoor cultivation in flat panel airlift reactors for lipid production by Chlorella vulgaris. Biotechnol Bioeng 110:2882–2893CrossRef

Muñoz R, Guieysse B (2006) Algal-bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants: a review. Water Res 40(15):2799–2815CrossRef

Naik SN, Goud VV, Rout PK, Dalai AK (2010) Production of first and second generation biofuels: a comprehensive review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14(2):578–597CrossRef

Nayak M, Karemore A, Sen R (2016) Sustainable valorization of flue gas CO2 and wastewater for the production of microalgal biomass as a biofuel feedstock in closed and open reactor systems. RSC Adv 6:91111–91120CrossRef

Neuling U, Kaltschmitt M (2017) Review of biofuel production- feedstock, processes and markets. J Oil Palm Res 29(2):137–167CrossRef

Niu YF, Zhang MH, Li DW, Yang WD, Liu JS, Bai WB et al (2013) Improvement of neutral lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis by overexpressing a Type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase in marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mar Drugs 11:4558–4569CrossRef

Ooms MD, Dinh CT, Sargent EH, Sinton D (2016) Photon management for augmented photosynthesis. Nat Commun 7:1CrossRef

Park JBK, Craggs RJ, Shilton AN (2013) Investigating why recycling gravity harvested algae increases harvestability and productivity in high rate algal ponds. Water Res 47:4904–4917CrossRef

Pereira H, Gangadhar KN, Schulze PSC, Santos T, Sousa CB, Schueler L et al (2016) Isolation of a euryhaline microalgal strain, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, as a robust feedstock for biodiesel production. Sci Rep 6:1–11CrossRef

Pierobon SC, Cheng X, Graham PJ, Nguyen B, Karakolis EG, Sinton D (2018) Emerging microalgae technology: a review. Sustain Energy Fuels 2:13–38CrossRef

Pittman JK, Dean AP, Osundeko O (2011) The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources. Bioresour Technol 102(1):17–25CrossRef

Pleissner D, Lam WC, Sun Z, Lin CSK (2013) Food waste as nutrient source in heterotrophic microalgae cultivation. Bioresour Technol 137:139–146CrossRef

Pruvost J, Le Borgne F, Artu A, Legrand J (2017) Development of a thinfilm solar photobioreactor with high biomass volumetric productivity (AlgoFilm©) based on process intensification principles. Algal Res 21:120–137CrossRef

Ra CH, Kang CH, Kim NK, Lee CG, Kim SK (2015) Cultivation of four microalgae for biomass and oil production using a twostage culture strategy with salt stress. Renew Energy 80:117–122CrossRef

Radakovits R, Jinkerson RE, Darzins A, Posewitz MC (2010) Genetic engineering of algae for enhanced biofuel production. Eukaryot Cell 9:486–501CrossRef

Radakovits R, Eduafo PM, Posewitz MC (2011) Genetic engineering of fatty acid chain length in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Metab Eng 13:89–95CrossRef

Radakovits R, Jinkerson RE, Fuerstenberg SI, Tae H, Settlage RE, Boore JL et al (2012) Draft genome sequence and genetic transformation of the oleaginous alga Nannochloropis gaditana. Nat Commun 3:686CrossRef

Raheem A, Azlina WAKG, Taufiq-Yap YH, Danquah MK, Harun R (2015) Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass for biofuel production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 49:990–999CrossRef

Ramzan N, Ashraf A, Naveed S, Malik A (2011) Simulation of hybrid biomass gasification using Aspen plus: a comparative performance analysis for food, municipal solid and poultry waste. Biomass Bioenergy 35(9):3962–3969CrossRef

Rasool U, Hemalatha S (2016) A review on bioenergy and biofuels: sources and their production. Braz J Biol 3(5):3–21CrossRef

Razzak SA, Hossain MM, Lucky RA, Bassi AS, de Lasa H (2013) Integrated CO2 capture, wastewater treatment and biofuel production by microalgae culturing – a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 27:622–653CrossRef

Resurreccion EP, Colosi LM, White MA, Clarens AF (2012) Comparison of algae cultivation methods for bioenergy production using a combined life cycle assessment and life cycle costing approach. Bioresour Technol 126:298–306CrossRef

Richmond A, Cheng-Wu Z, Zarmi Y (2003) Efficient use of strong light for high photosynthetic productivity: interrelationships between the optical path, the optimal population density and cell-growth inhibition. Biomol Eng 20:229–236CrossRef

Rodolfi L, Zittelli GC, Bassi N, Padovani G, Biondi N, Bonini G et al (2008) Microalgae for oil: strain selection, induction of lipid synthesis and outdoor mass cultivation in a low-cost photobioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 102(1):100–112CrossRef

Ruiz-Marin A, Mendoza-Espinosa LG, Stephenson T (2010) Growth and nutrient removal in free and immobilized green algae in batch and semi-continuous cultures treating real wastewater. Bioresour Technol 101:58–64CrossRef

Saifullah AA, Karim MA, AhmadYazid A (2014) Microalgae: an alternative source of renewable energy. AJER 3(3):330–338

Salam KA, Velasquez-Orta SB, Harvey AP (2016) A sustainable integrated in situ transesterification of microalgae for biodiesel production and associated co-product-a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 65:1179–1198CrossRef

Salim S, Bosma R, Vermuë MH, Wijffels RH (2011) Harvesting of microalgae by bioflocculation. J Appl Phycol 23(5):849–855CrossRef

San Pedro A, González-López CV, Acién FG, Grima EM (2014) Outdoor pilot-scale production of Nannochloropsis gaditana: influence of culture parameters and lipid production rates in tubular photobioreactors. Bioresour Technol 169:667–676CrossRef

Sanchez-Silva L, López-González D, Garcia-Minguillan AM, Valverde JL (2013) Pyrolysis, combustion and gasification characteristics of Nannochloropsis gaditana microalgae. Bioresour Technol 130:321–331CrossRef

Santos AM, Deprá MC, Santos AM, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E (2015) Aeration energy requirements in microalgal heterotrophic bioreactors applied to agroindustrial wastewater treatment. Curr Biotechnol 4:249–254CrossRef

Santos AB, Fernandes AS, Wagner R, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ (2016a) Biogeneration of volatile organic compounds produced by Phormidium autumnale in heterotrophic bioreactor. J Appl Phycol 28(3):1561–1570CrossRef

Santos TD, Martín JLM, Fernández FGA, Molina E, Costa JAV, Heaven S (2016b) Optimization of carbon dioxide supply in raceway reactors: influence of carbon dioxide molar fraction and gas flow rate. Bioresour Technol 212:72–81CrossRef

Sathish A, Sims RC (2012) Biodiesel from mixed culture algae via a wet lipid extraction procedure. Bioresour Technol 118:643–647CrossRef

Savchenko O, Xing J, Yang X, Gu Q, Shaheen M, Huang M et al (2017) Algal cell response to pulsed waved stimulation and its application to increase algal lipid production. Sci Rep 7:1–13CrossRef

Schenk P, Thomas-Hall S, Stephens E, Marx U, Mussgnug J, Posten C et al (2008) Second generation biofuels: high-efficiency microalgae for biodiesel production. Bioenergy Res 1(1):20–43CrossRef

Schuhmann H, Lim DKY, Schenk PM (2016) Perspectives on metabolic engineering for increased lipid contents in microalgae perspectives on metabolic engineering for increased lipid contents in microalgae. Biofuels 3:71–86CrossRef

Schulze PS, Barreira LA, Pereira HG, Perales JA, Varela JC (2014) Light emitting diodes (LEDs) applied to microalgal production. Trends Biotechnol 32:422–430CrossRef

Scranton MA, Ostrand JT, Fields FJ, Mayfield SP (2015) Chlamydomonas as a model for biofuels and bio-products production. Plant J 82:523–531CrossRef

Shao MF, Ning FY, Zhao JW et al (2011) Preparation of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ layered double hydroxide core–shell microspheres for magnetic separation of proteins. J Am Chem Soc 134:1071–1077CrossRef

Sharma A, Gupta MN (2006) Ultrasonic pre-irradiation effect upon aqueous enzymatic oil extraction from almond and apricot seeds. Ultrason Sonochem 13:529–534CrossRef

Sharma KK, Schuhmann H, Schenk PM (2012) High lipid induction in microalgae for biodiesel production. Energies 5:1532–1553CrossRef

Shen Y (2014) Carbon dioxide bio-fixation and wastewater treatment via algae photochemical synthesis for biofuels production. RSC Adv 4:49672–49722CrossRef

Shuping Z, Yulong W, Mingde Y, Kaleem I, Chun L, Tong J (2010) Production and characterization of bio oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta cake. Energy 25(12):5406–5411CrossRef

Sialve B, Bernet N, Bernard O (2009) Anaerobic digestion of microalgae as a necessary step to make microalgal biodiesel sustainable. Biotechnol Adv 27(4):409–416CrossRef

Simionato D, Basso S, Giacometti GM, Morosinotto T (2013) Optimization of light use efficiency for biofuel production in algae. Biophys Chem 182:71–78CrossRef

Singh J, Saxena RC (2015) An introduction to microalgae: diversity and significance. In: Kim S-K (ed) Handbook of marine microalgae, 2nd edn. Academic Press/Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 11–24CrossRef

Singh RN, Sharma S (2012) Development of suitable photobioreactor for algae production – a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16:2347–2353CrossRef

Singh SP, Singh P (2015) Effect of temperature and light on the growth of algae species: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 50:431–444CrossRef

Singh P, Gupta SK, Guldhe A, Rawat I, Bux F (2015) Microalgae isolation and basic culturing techniques. In: Kim S-K (ed) Handbook of marine microalgae. Academic, San Diego, pp 43–54CrossRef

Singh P, Kumari S, Guldhe A, Misra R, Rawat I, Bux F (2016) Trends and novel strategies for enhancing lipid accumulation and quality in microalgae. Renew Sust Energ Rev 55:1–16CrossRef

Singh SP, Pathak J, Sinha RP (2017) Cyanobacterial factories for the production of green energy and value-added products: an integrated approach for economic viability. Renew Sust Energ Rev 69:578–595CrossRef

Sirajunnisa AR, Surendhiran D (2016) Algae – a quintessential and positive resource of bioethanol production: a comprehensive review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 66:248–267CrossRef

Suganya T, Varman M, Masjuki HH, Renganathan S (2016) Macroalgae and microalgae as a potential source for commercial applications along with biofuels production: a biorefinery approach. Renew Sust Energ Rev 55:909–941CrossRef

Suh IS, Lee CG (2003) Photobioreactor engineering: design and performance. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 8(6):313–321CrossRef

Surendhiran D, Vijay M (2014) Effect of various pretreatment for extracting intracellular lipid from Nannochloropsis oculata under nitrogen replete and depleted conditions. ISRN Chem Eng 2004:1–9CrossRef

Surendhiran D, Vijay M, Sirajunnisa M (2014) Biodiesel production from marine microalga Chlorella salina using whole cell yeast immobilized on sugarcane bagasse. J Environ Chem Eng 2:1294–1300CrossRef

Sutherland DL, Turnbull MH, Craggs RJ (2014) Increased pond depth improves algal productivity and nutrient removal in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds. Water Res 53:271–281CrossRef

Tafreshi AH, Shariati M (2006) Pilot culture of three strains of Dunaliella salina for beta-carotene production in open ponds in the central region of Iran. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 22:1003–1006CrossRef

Takeda S, Nishijima S (2006) The development of new magnet carrier method for the waste water treatment by the magnetic separation method. Chem Eng 51:614–619

Thompson SP (2013) Biofuel patent trends: 2012 in review. Ind Biotechnol 9(1):13–16CrossRef

Torzillo G, Zittelli GC, Chini Zittelli G (2015) Tubular photobioreactors. In: Prokop A, Bajpai RK, Zappi ME (eds) Algal biorefineries volume 2: products and refinery design. Springer, Cham, pp 187–212CrossRef

Trentacoste EM, Shrestha RP, Smith SR, Glé C, Hartmann AC, Hildebrand M (2013) Metabolic engineering of lipid catabolism increases microalgal lipid accumulation without compromising growth. PNAS 110:19748–19753CrossRef

Trivedi J, Aila M, Bangwal DP, Kaul S, Garg MO (2015) Algae based biorefinery – how to make sense? Renew Sust Energ Rev 47:295–307CrossRef

Tuantet K, Temmink H, Zeeman G, Janssen M, Wijffels RH, Buisman CJN (2014) Nutrient removal and microalgal biomass production on urine in a short light-path photobioreactor. Water Res 55:162–174CrossRef

Ugwu CU, Ogbonna J, Tanaka H (2002) Improvement of mass transfer characteristics and productivities of inclined tubular photobioreactors by installation of internal static mixers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58(5):600–607CrossRef

Ugwu CU, Aoyagi H, Uchiyama H (2008) Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae. Bioresour Technol 99(10):4021–4028CrossRef

Vadiveloo A, Moheimani NR, Cosgrove JJ, Bahri PA, Parlevliet D (2015) Effect of different light spectra on the growth and productivity of acclimated Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae). Algal Res 8:121–127CrossRef

Valipour M, Mousavi SM, Valipour R et al (2012) Air, water, and soil pollution study in industrial units using environmental flow diagram. J Basic Appl Sci Res 2(12):12365–12372

Vandamme D, Foubert I, Muylaert K (2013) Flocculation as a low-cost method for harvesting microalgae for bulk biomass production. Trends Biotechnol 31(4):233–239CrossRef

Vieler A, Wu G, Tsai CH, Bullard B, Cornish AJ, Harvey C et al (2012) Genome, functional gene annotation, and nuclear transformation of the heterokont oleaginous alga Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779. PLoS Genet 8:e1003064CrossRef

Vonlanthen S, Dauvillée D, Purton S (2015) Evaluation of novel starch-deficient mutants of Chlorella sorokiniana for hyper-accumulation of lipids. Algal Res 12:109–118CrossRef

Wan M, Liu P, Xia J, Rosenberg JN, Oyler GA, Betenbaugh MJ et al (2011) The effect of mixotrophy on microalgal growth, lipid content, and expression levels of three pathway genes in Chlorella sorokiniana. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 91:835–844CrossRef

Wan C, Alam MA, Zhao XQ, Zhang XY, Guo SL, Ho SH et al (2015) Current progress and future prospect of microalgal biomass harvest using various flocculation technologies. Bioresour Technol 184:251–257CrossRef

Wang B, Li Y, Wu N, Lan C (2008) CO2 bio-mitigation using microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79(5):707–718CrossRef

Wang SK, Hu YR, Wang F, Stiles MR, Liu CZ (2014) Scale-up cultivation of Chlorella ellipsoidea from indoor to outdoor in bubble column bioreactors. Bioresour Technol 156:117–122CrossRef

Wang X, Liu YH, Hu DX, Balamurugan S, Lu Y, Yang WD et al (2015a) Identification of a putative patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) ortholog involved in lipid metabolism in microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Algal Res 12:274–279CrossRef

Wang Y, Yang Y, Ma F, Xuan L, Xu Y, Huo H et al (2015b) Optimization of Chlorella vulgaris and bioflocculant-producing bacteria co-culture: enhancing microalgae harvesting and lipid content. Lett Appl Microbiol 60:497–503CrossRef

Wang C, Li Y, Lu J, Deng X, Li H, Hu Z (2017) Effect of overexpression of LPAAT and GPD1 on lipid synthesis and composition in green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Appl Phycol 1:9

Wei L, Xin Y, Wang Q, Yang J, Hu H, Xu J (2017) RNAi-based targeted gene knockdown in the model oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica. Plant J 89:1236–1250CrossRef

Wu C, Xiong W, Dai J, Wu Q (2015) Genome-based metabolic mapping and 13C flux analysis reveal systematic properties of an oleaginous microalga Chlorella protothecoides. Plant Physiol 167:586–599CrossRef

Wulf C, Thormann L, Kaltschmitt M (2017) Biohydrogen production: sustainability of current technology and future perspective (Anoop Singh and Dheeraj Rathore eds). New Delhi: Springer

Xie SX, Sun S, Dai SY, Yuan JS (2013) Efficient coagulation of microalgae in cultures with fi lamentous fungi. Algal Res 2:28–33CrossRef

Xu X, Shen Y, Chen J (2015) Cultivation of Scenedesmus dimorphus for C/N/P removal and lipid production. Electron J Biotechnol 18:46–50CrossRef

Yang H, He Q, Rong J, Xia L, Hu C (2014) Rapid neutral lipid accumulation of the alkali-resistant oleaginous Monoraphidiumdybowskii LB50 by NaCl induction. Bioresour Technol 172:131–137CrossRef

Yang IS, Salama ES, Kim JO, Govindwar SP, Kurade MB, Lee M, Roh HS, Jeon BH (2016) Cultivation and harvesting of microalgae in photobioreactor for biodiesel production and simultaneous nutrient removal. Energy Convers Manag 117:54–62CrossRef

Yavuz CT, Mayo JT, Yu WW et al (2006) Low-field magnetic separation of monodisperse Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals. Science 314:964–967CrossRef

Yoon K, Han D, Li Y, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q (2012) Phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase is a multifunctional enzyme involved in membrane lipid turnover and degradation while synthesizing triacylglycerol in the unicellular green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Cell 24:3708–3724CrossRef

Zeng F, Huang J, Meng C, Zhu F, Chen J, Li Y (2016) Investigation on novel raceway pond with inclined paddle wheels through simulation and microalgae culture experiments. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39:169–180CrossRef

Zhang Y, Su H, Zhong Y, Zhang C, Shen Z, Sang W et al (2012) The effect of bacterial contamination on the heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in wastewater from the production of soybean products. Water Res 46:5509–5516CrossRef

Zhang R, Li L, Tong D, Hu C (2016) Microwave-enhanced pyrolysis of natural algae from water blooms. Bioresour Technol 212:311–317CrossRef

Zheng Y, Chi Z, Lucker B, Chen S (2012) Two-stage heterotrophic and phototrophic culture strategy for algal biomass and lipid production. Bioresour Technol 103:484–488CrossRef

Zhou W, Min M, Hu B, Ma X, Liu Y, Wang Q et al (2013) Filamentous fungi assisted bio-flocculation: a novel alternative technique for harvesting heterotrophic and autotrophic microalgal cells. Sep Purif Technol 107:158–165CrossRef

Zhu L, Wang Z, Shu Q, Takala J, Hiltunen E, Feng P, Yuan Z (2013a) Nutrient removal and biodiesel production by integration of freshwater algae cultivation with piggery wastewater treatment. Water Res 47:4294–4302CrossRef

Zhu L, Wang Z, Takala J, Hiltunen E, Qin L, Xu Z et al (2013b) Scale-up potential of cultivating Chlorella zofingiensis in piggery wastewater for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 137:318–325CrossRef

Zhu L, Xu Z, Qin L, Wang Z, Hiltunen E, Li Z (2016) Oil production from pilot-scale microalgae cultivation: an economics evaluation. E Energ Sour Part B: Economics, Plan Pol 11:11–17CrossRef

Zhu L, Nugroho YK, Shakeel SR, Li Z, Martinkappi B, Hiltunen E (2017) Using microalgae to produce liquid transportation biodiesel: what is next? Renew Sust Energ Rev 78:391–400CrossRef

Titel: Recent Progress in Emerging Microalgae Technology for Biofuel Production
verfasst von: John Jeslin
Antwin Koshy
Munusamy Chamundeeswari
Madan Lal Verma
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Substrate Analysis for Effective Biofuels Production
Print ISBN: 978-981-329-606-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-329-607-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9607-7_4