Recommendations for the Practical Use of Elliott Jaques’ Organizational and Social Theories in the Information Technology Field: Teams, Software, Databases, Telecommunications and Innovations

The problem of universals is a profound abstract question that quests into the nature of our knowledge, which our civilization has been querying for the past several millennia — this large abstract problem, Artz (2002)2 writes, has been known to the modern world from the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. Such as, how do we know the true identify of the object and fit the identity into a true classification so that we could understand and attribute to this object? There are multiple problems with identifying a true identity, for example, how do we know what the true identity of the object is? Is there such a thing such as the true identity or are there multiple true identities? Could we really classify the objects even if we knew the true identity(s) of them? And what is classification? Does it exist in the world as a true relationship between identifiable objects or it is just a human way of ‘languaging’ a common understanding? Artz (2002) elaborates in depth on the problem of universals in information modeling, finding that both essence in the same issue — difficulty of classification, or how do you know a thing is a thing and that it belongs to the class of the thing? How do we know what makes a thing thing; and what properties relate things?