Skip to main content

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Reflective Practice in the African Space Sector: The Importance of Cadre Formation

verfasst von : André Siebrits

Erschienen in: Space Fostering African Societies

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Reflective practice, most simply, is thinking about what one does professionally, how one does it, and what one can learn from experience. It is commonly found in a diverse range of disciplinary fields, including education, nursing, and social work, but rarely (if at all) in the space sector. As such, this chapter presents a reflection on practice from the perspective of an African scholar engaged in the continent’s space sector, with the primary goals of elucidating new insights of self and practice, calling on other space sector practitioners to do the same, and calling for greater solidarity, dialogue, and collaboration within Africa’s space sector. The argument is made in this chapter that Africa’s space sector practitioners are ideologically motivated revolutionary cadres, engaged in a struggle against, among others, misconceptions, lack of support, shortage of scientific and research skills and output, and an underappreciation of the role of space in supporting Africa’s developmental aspirations. The proposed ideology of the cadre is outlined as a system of organised beliefs framed by, among others, various continental and national developmental policies and strategies. The space sector cadre formation and the African cadre ecosystem for space models are also presented. This chapter thus proposes a first step towards a greater inclusion of reflective practice in the African (and global) space sector, motivated by the goal of seeing all participants becoming not just consumers but also producers of knowledge.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Vusi Mahlasela is a renowned South African musician. The song When You Come Back featured on his debut studio album of the same name, released in 1992.
 
2
Linda Finlay, “Reflecting on ‘Reflective practice’”, Practice-based Professional Learning Paper 52, (2008): 1.
 
3
Gillie Bolton, Reflective Practice: Writing and Professional Development (London: Sage, 2010): xix.
 
4
La Trobe University, “Examples of reflective practice”, 20 February 2019, https://​latrobe.​libguides.​com/​reflectivepracti​ce/​example (accessed 15 March 2020).
 
5
Finlay, “Reflecting on ‘Reflective practice’”, 2, 5.
 
6
Sajna Jaleel and Prem Premachandran, “A Study on the Metacognitive Awareness of Secondary School Students”, Universal Journal of Educational Research 4, no. 1 (2016): 165.
 
7
African Union Commission, “Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want”, African Union, no date, https://​au.​int/​en/​agenda2063/​overview (accessed 24 February 2020).
 
8
African Union Commission, “Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, Popular Version”, 2015, 1, https://​au.​int/​sites/​default/​files/​documents/​36204-doc-agenda2063_​popular_​version_​en.​pdf (accessed 25 February 2020).
 
9
Merriam-Webster, “Cadre”, 2020, https://​www.​merriam-webster.​com/​dictionary/​cadre (accessed 25 February 2020).
 
10
Chitja Twala, “The African National Congress (ANC) and the Cadre Deployment Policy in the Post-Apartheid South Africa: A Product of Democratic Centralisation or a Recipe for a Constitutional Crisis?”, Journal of Social Sciences 41, no. 2 (2014), 159.
 
11
Ibid., 160.
 
12
Ibid.
 
13
Mail and Guardian, “Magashule: Cadre deployment is here to stay”, 24 February 2015, https://​mg.​co.​za/​article/​2015-02-24-magashule-cadre-deployment-is-here-to-stay/​ (accessed 23 February 2020).
 
14
Mail and Guardian, “Editorial: Definition of state capture”, 14 September 2018, https://​mg.​co.​za/​article/​2018-09-14-00-definition-of-state-capture/​ (accessed 23 February 2020).
 
15
Paul Hoffman, “Cadre Deployment: The underlying cause of State Capture”, Daily Maverick, 14 May 2018, https://​www.​dailymaverick.​co.​za/​opinionista/​2018-05-14-cadre-deployment-the-underlying-cause-of-state-capture/​ (accessed 23 February 2020).
 
16
Sara Gon, “Loyalty valued above competence by ANC – Biznews”, South African Institute of Race Relations, 20 August 2019, https://​irr.​org.​za/​media/​loyalty-valued-above-competence-by-anc-biznews-1 (accessed 23 February 2020).
 
17
Merriam-Webster, “Cadre”.
 
18
Doane University, “What is a cadre?”, no date, https://​www.​doane.​edu/​faq/​what-is-a-cadre (accessed 23 February 2020).
 
19
Timiebi Aganaba-Jeanty, “Why Africa Must Move beyond Scepticism to Influence International Law,” Business Day, 26 August 2014, https://​www.​businessdayonlin​e.​com/​exclusives/​analysissub/​article/​why-africa-must-move-beyond-scepticism-to-influence-international-law/​ (accessed 23 February 2020).
 
20
African Union Commission, “Flagship Projects of Agenda 2063”, African Union, no date, https://​au.​int/​en/​agenda2063/​flagship-projects (accessed 25 February 2020).
 
21
For a full discussion of developments in the African space sector, see Annette Froehlich and André Siebrits, Space Supporting Africa: A Primary Needs Approach and Africa’s Emerging Middle Space Middle Powers (Cham: Springer, 2019) and Annette Froehlich (ed.), Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
22
Luncedo Ncofe and Keith Gottschalk, “The Growth of Space Science in African Countries for Earth Observation in the 21st Century,” South African Journal of Science 109, no. 1/2 (2013): 3.
 
23
Samuel Oyewole, “Space Research and Development in Africa,” Astropolitics 15, no. 2 (2017): 192.
 
24
Quoted in Oluwaseun Tella, “Space as a fulcrum of Nigeria's external relations and regional hegemony”, Space Policy 48, (2018): 49.
 
25
Katherine Harber and Geoffrey Payton, Heinemann English Dictionary (Oxford: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd, 1989): 507.
 
26
Ibid.
 
27
Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space (New York: Ballantine Books, 1994): xx.
 
28
See: Valentino van de Heyde and André Siebrits, “Students’ attitudes towards online pre-laboratory exercises for a physics extended curriculum programme”, Research in Science & Technological Education, (2018): 8.
 
29
Ibid., 7.
 
30
For more on this, see: Valentino van de Heyde and André Siebrits, “The ecosystem of e-learning model for higher education”, South African Journal of Science 15, no 5/6 (2019).
 
33
Van de Heyde and Siebrits, “Students’ attitudes towards online pre-laboratory exercises for a physics extended curriculum programme”, 7–8.
 
34
See: Annette Froehlich and André Siebrits, Space Supporting Africa Volume 1: A Primary Needs Approach and Africa’s Emerging Space Middle Powers (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
35
See: André Siebrits and Valentino van de Heyde, “Towards the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: The African Space-Education Ecosystem for Sustainability and the Role of Educational Technologies”, in Embedding Space in African Society: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Supported by Space Applications, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
36
See: Annette Froehlich (ed.), Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
37
Merriam-Webster, “Ecosystem”, 2020, https://​www.​merriam-webster.​com/​dictionary/​ecosystem (accessed 25 February 2020).
 
38
African Union, “Statute of the African Space Agency”, 29 January 2018, https://​au.​int/​sites/​default/​files/​treaties/​36198-treaty-statute_​african_​space_​agency_​e.​pdf (accessed 25 February 2020).
 
40
African Union Commission, “Agenda 2063 Framework Document”, 2015, https://​au.​int/​sites/​default/​files/​documents/​33126-doc-framework_​document_​book.​pdf (accessed 25 February 2020).
 
41
African Union, “African Space Policy: Towards Social, Political And Economic Integration”, October 2017, https://​au.​int/​sites/​default/​files/​newsevents/​workingdocuments​/​33178-wd-african_​space_​policy_​-_​st20444_​e_​original.​pdf (accessed 6 March 2020).
 
42
African Union, “African Space Strategy: Towards Social, Political And Economic Integration”, October 2017, https://​au.​int/​sites/​default/​files/​newsevents/​workingdocuments​/​33178-wd-african_​space_​strategy_​-_​st20445_​e_​original.​pdf (accessed 6 March 2020). For an analysis of the policy and strategy, see: Annette Froehlich (ed.), Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
43
Carl Marx, “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte”, 1852, https://​www.​marxists.​org/​archive/​marx/​works/​1852/​18th-brumaire/​ch01.​htm (accessed 6 March 2020).
 
44
Anthony Giddens quoted in D. Wilson and J.O. Huff, “Introduction: Contemporary Human Geography – The Emergence of Structuration in Inequality Research” in D. Wilson, and J.O. Huff (eds.), Marginalized Places and Populations: A Structurationist Agenda (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1994): xix
 
45
See: André Siebrits, Bas Martens, and Carl Eriksen, “Initiatives for Embedding Space Applications in African Societies”, in Annette Froehlich (ed.), Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries (Cham: Springer, 2019): 358.
 
46
Valentino van de Heyde and André Siebrits, “The ecosystem of e-learning model for higher education”, South African Journal of Science 15, no 5/6 (2019): 3.
 
47
For a more in-depth discussion, see: Van de Heyde and Siebrits, “The ecosystem of e-learning model for higher education”, 2.
 
48
Merriam-Webster, “Biome”, 2020, https://​www.​merriam-webster.​com/​dictionary/​biome (accessed 7 March 2020). For a full discussion, see: Van de Heyde and Siebrits, “The ecosystem of e-learning model for higher education”, 3.
 
49
Merriam-Webster, “Habitat”, 2020, https://​www.​merriam-webster.​com/​dictionary/​habitat (accessed 7 March 2020).
 
50
Worldometer, “Africa population”, March 2020, https://​www.​worldometers.​info/​world-population/​africa-population/​ (accessed 10 March 2020).
 
51
Charon Duermeijer, Mohamed Amir, and Lucia Schoombee, “Africa generates less than 1% of the world’s research; data analytics can change that”, Elsevier, 22 March 2018, https://​www.​elsevier.​com/​connect/​africa-generates-less-than-1-of-the-worlds-research-data-analytics-can-change-that (accessed 10 March 2020).
 
52
Duermeijer, Amir, and Schoombee, “Africa generates less than 1% of the world’s research; data analytics can change that”.
 
53
Ibid.
 
55
Joel A. Dennerley, “Emerging space nations and the development of international regulatory regimes,” Space Policy 35, (2016): 28–29.
 
56
Julia Gray, “Life, Death, or Zombie? The Vitality of International Organizations”, International Studies Quarterly 62, no. 1 (2018).
 
57
Ibid.
 
58
Annette Froehlich (ed.), Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
59
This journal also appears on the South African Department of Higher Education and Training’s List of Accredited Journals. In the context of South Africa, it is a good idea to seek publication in these journals, since this can count towards one’s research rating with the National Research Foundation and educational institutions qualify for government subsidies if their staff or students publish in these journals. See: http://​www.​researchsupport.​uct.​ac.​za/​publication-count-resources.
 
60
Third World Quarterly, “Instructions for Authors”, Taylor and Francis, 2020, https://​www.​tandfonline.​com/​action/​authorSubmission​?​show=​instructions&​journalCode=​ctwq20 (accessed 10 March 2020).
 
62
See: https://​scholar.​google.​com/​ (create a profile here).
 
64
See: https://​www.​linkedin.​com/​ (it is possible to include publications under ‘accomplishments’).
 
67
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), “Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (1963–1971),” 2017, https://​www.​isro.​gov.​in/​about-isro/​dr-vikram-ambalal-sarabhai-1963-1971 (accessed 10 March 2020).
 
68
Joseph Atta-Mensah, “The Role of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Africa’s Growth”, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 22 May 2015, https://​africaupclose.​wilsoncenter.​org/​the-role-of-science-technology-and-innovation-in-africas-growth-1/​ (accessed 10 March 2020).
 
69
Werner Balogh, “Capacity building in space technology development: A new initiative within the United Nations programme on space applications”, Space Policy 27, (2011): 182.
 
70
For the full and updated list of publications, please see: www.​andresiebrits.​com.
 
71
Ibid.
 
72
Atta-Mensah, “The Role of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Africa’s Growth”.
 
73
Ibid.
 
74
For a discussion in the context of the EeL model, see: Valentino van de Heyde and André Siebrits, “The ecosystem of e-learning model for higher education”, South African Journal of Science 15, no 5/6 (2019): 3.
 
75
Etim Offiong and Valanathan Munsami, “Towards a space policy institute for Africa”, Space Policy 46, (2018): 7.
 
76
André Siebrits, “On-Orbit Servicing: Space for Africa?”, in On-Orbit Servicing: Next Generation of Space Activities, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2020).
 
77
Ibid.
 
78
Paul Boateng, “Outer space is the place for Africa’s future”, Mail and Guardian, 26 May 2016, https://​mg.​co.​za/​article/​2016-05-26-00-outer-space-is-the-place-for-africas-future (accessed 12 March 2020).
 
79
Ibid. For a more in-depth discussion on this interrelationship, see: André Siebrits and Valentino van de Heyde, “Towards the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: The African Space-Education Ecosystem for Sustainability and the Role of Educational Technologies”, in Embedding Space in African Society: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Supported by Space Applications, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
80
Olakunle Oladosu and Etim Offiong, “Improving space knowledge in Africa: The ARCSSTE-E”, Space Policy 29, (2013).
 
81
Annette Froehlich and André Siebrits, Space Supporting Africa Volume 1: A Primary Needs Approach and Africa’s Emerging Space Middle Powers (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
82
Joseph Ibeh, “South Africa to Prioritize Kick-off Of the Pan African University Institute of Space Science”, Space in Africa, 27 February 2020, https://​africanews.​space/​south-africa-to-prioritize-kick-off-of-the-pan-african-university-institute-of-space-science/​ (accessed 12 March 2020).
 
83
For more information on similar educational efforts, see: André Siebrits and Valentino van de Heyde, “Towards the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: The African Space-Education Ecosystem for Sustainability and the Role of Educational Technologies”, in Embedding Space in African Society: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Supported by Space Applications, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
85
John L. Polansky and Mengu Cho, “A university-based model for space-related capacity building in emerging countries”, Space Policy 36, (2016): 1.
 
86
For a discussion of this, see: André Siebrits and Valentino van de Heyde, “Towards the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: The African Space-Education Ecosystem for Sustainability and the Role of Educational Technologies”, in Embedding Space in African Society: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Supported by Space Applications, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2019). For specific examples in the context of physics education, see: Valentino van de Heyde and André Siebrits, “Students’ attitudes towards online pre-laboratory exercises for a physics extended curriculum programme”, Research in Science & Technological Education, (2018); Valentino van de Heyde and André Siebrits, “The ecosystem of e-learning model for higher education”, South African Journal of Science 15, no 5/6 (2019); and Valentino van de Heyde and André Siebrits, “Higher-Order e-Assessment for Physics in the Digital Age Using Sakai”, The Physics Teacher 57, no. 32 (2019).
 
87
See: André Siebrits, “Algeria”, in Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
88
See: Danielle Wood and Annalisa Weigel, “Charting the Evolution of Satellite Programs in Developing Countries – The Space Technology Ladder”, Space Policy 28, (2012). For an evaluation of African countries in terms of the Modified Space Technology Ladder, see: Annette Froehlich and André Siebrits, Space Supporting Africa Volume 1: A Primary Needs Approach and Africa’s Emerging Space Middle Powers (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
89
André Siebrits, “Morocco”, in Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
90
André Siebrits, “Tunisia”, in Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
91
André Siebrits, “Zimbabwe”, in Integrated Space for African Society: Legal and Policy Implementation of Space in African Countries, ed. Annette Froehlich (Cham: Springer, 2019).
 
92
Adriana Ocampo, Louis Friedman, and John Logsdon, “Why space science and exploration benefit everyone”, Space Policy 14, (1998): 138–139.
 
93
Ibid.
 
94
Space for Humanity, 10 January 2020, https://​www.​facebook.​com/​SpaceHumanity/​posts/​566780167236461 (accessed 12 March 2020).
 
95
Neil deGrasse Tyson, “American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson answers your science questions”, ABC News, 6 June 2017, https://​www.​abc.​net.​au/​news/​2017-06-06/​neil-degrasse-tyson-answers-your-science-questions/​8594888 (accessed 12 March 2020).
 
96
South African Congress Alliance, “The Freedom Charter”, South African History Online, 27 August 2019, https://​www.​sahistory.​org.​za/​article/​freedom-charter (accessed 12 March 2020).
 
Metadaten
Titel
Reflective Practice in the African Space Sector: The Importance of Cadre Formation
verfasst von
André Siebrits
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59158-8_6