Reform and Development of Agriculture in China

verfasst von: Zhou Li

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Buchreihe : Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book provides a detailed review of the accumulated experience and lessons from China’s agricultural reform and opening-up since the late 1970s, examining various aspects of this transition and providing a new perspective that can contribute to developing economic theories. The success of China’s reform and opening up creates benefits for farmers, and is driven by farmers. The past experience, problems revealed and lessons learned from failures of market-orientated and progressive reform can provide valuable guidance for those developing countries still lagging behind China.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. History of Chinese Agriculture Before Reform and Opening

Abstract

The objective of this book is to describe the development of agriculture in China over the 30-plus years of Reform and Opening. To give the reader a general understanding of the entire history of agricultural development in China, in this first chapter I give an overview of Chinese agriculture in the 30, 300, and 3000 years prior to Reform and Opening.

Zhou Li

Chapter 2. Agricultural Reforms

Abstract

Reforms in China were first launched in poor rural areas. The earliest reform methods targeted individuals, were highly scattered, and affected only small areas at a time. The primary method of reforms was the implementation of the Household Responsibility System, which shifted the responsibility for both production and labor onto households. After agricultural collectivization in the 1950s, shifting responsibility onto households was one of the primary methods employed for peasants to respond to economic hardships around the country; that is to say that this was by no means a new tactic.

Zhou Li

Chapter 3. China’s Agricultural Basic Operating System

Abstract

Prior to 1949, China’s agriculture operated on a basic operating system of private land ownership and household operations, suited to a natural economy based on sustenance farming. After the founding of New China, a basic agricultural operating system founded upon public land ownership and collectivized operations adapted to the state’s industrialization strategy and the ideology of the governing party was gradually established.

Zhou Li

Chapter 4. The Development of Agriculture in China

Abstract

China’s per capita endowment of arable land is 1.5 μ, coming in at one third the global average, and making China one of the nations with the smallest amount of per capita arable land. China’s per capita endowment of forested land is approximately 1.8 μ, one seventh of the global average, and its per capita endowment of grasslands is a little over three μ, again one third of the global average.

Zhou Li

Chapter 5. Transformations to Agriculture and Agricultural Policies in China

Abstract

Since 1949, and particularly since the launch of Reform and Opening in the late 1970s, changes to agriculture and agricultural policies in China have increased agricultural productivity to a great degree and have enabled China to meet the food demands of one fifth of the world’s population with only one ninth of the world’s arable land. To explain this phenomenon, in this chapter I shall systematically describe the changes to agriculture and agricultural policy in China and briefly assess the experience obtained and lessons learned therefrom.

Zhou Li

Chapter 6. Grain Production and Food Security in China

Abstract

China’s grain production grew more or less continuously, despite fluctuations, over the period 1949 to 2014 (see Fig. 6.1). If we take 50 million tonnes (1 trillion jin) as a step, then China has taken 10 steps upward over this 65-year period. China’s total grain yield in 1949 was 113 million tonnes, up to 150 million tonnes (one step) by 1952, 200 million tonnes (two steps) by 1958, 250 million tonnes (three steps) by 1971, 300 million tonnes (four steps) by 1978, 350 million tonnes (five steps) by 1982, 400 million tonnes (six steps) by 1989, 450 million tonnes (seven steps) by 1995, 500 million tonnes (eight steps) by 1996, 550 million tonnes (nine steps) by 2011, and 600 million tonnes (10 steps) by 2013.

Zhou Li

Chapter 7. Challenges Facing Agricultural Development

Abstract

In the preceding chapters, I gave a brief analysis and summary of the development of agriculture in China over the past 60 years. In this chapter, I will discuss the problems and challenges facing the development of agriculture in China.

Zhou Li

Chapter 8. Outlook and Vision for Agriculture in China

Abstract

China’s strategic objective for agricultural development is as follows: by around 2030, initially establish modern agriculture, with appropriately scaled operations as its foundation; with high-caliber rural citizens, new high technology, and advanced equipment as motive force; with a socialized services system, agricultural product market system, agriculture-supporting industrial system, and macro adjustment system as its supports; and suitable to the demands of moderate prosperity, international competitiveness, and sustainable development.

Zhou Li

Titel: Reform and Development of Agriculture in China
verfasst von: Zhou Li
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-3462-6
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3460-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3462-6